Since their discovery in the 1950s, antipsychotics have become an important pharmacological treatment option for a number of severe mental disorders. In children and adolescents, antipsychotics are increasingly used (Olfson et al. 2006) for both psychotic and nonpsychotic disorders (Findling et al. 2005; Jensen et al. 2007). Emerging data from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) indicate that antipsychotics have significantly greater efficacy than placebo for pediatric bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, and irritability and aggression associated with autistic disorder. Due to physiological developmental differences between children and adults, higher antipsychotic doses per kilogram weight are generally required in pediatric patients to achieve similar serum levels and efficacy, and more frequent dosing per day may be required in younger children (Woods et al. 2002). In addition, pediatric patients appear to be more sensitive to several relevant antipsychotic adverse effects compared with adults (Correll et al. 2006), mandating careful treatment selection and adverse effect monitoring and management in this vulnerable group of patients.