In this chapter I will discuss treatment strategies for individuals who abuse or are dependent on benzodiazepines and other medications that have sedative-hypnotic properties; that is, individuals who meet DSM-IV-TR criteria for sedative, hypnotic, or anxiolytic use disorders (American Psychiatric Association 2000). Benzodiazepines are the most frequently prescribed class of psychotropic agents. About 100 million prescriptions are written annually for benzodiazepines, and 3%–4% of adults in the United States and Canada are taking them at any one time (Neutel 2005; Paulose-Ram et al. 2004). Medications included in this class are used in a wide range of psychiatric and medical conditions, including anxiety disorders, sleep disorders, seizure disorders, movement disorders, and muscle spasticity. Sedative and anxiolytic properties of these medications are used in the symptomatic treatment of anxiety and agitation associated with other psychiatric and neurological disorders, including psychotic, mood, and cognitive (dementia, delirium) disorders (Hollister et al. 1993). Sedative and hypnotic properties of these medications have a variety of uses in anesthesiology and emergency medicine. These medications are also used for the symptomatic treatment of syndromes related to abuse of other drugs, such as agitation secondary to intoxication with stimulants, as well as signs and symptoms associated with withdrawal from alcohol, sedative-hypnotics, or opiates.