Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) has been found to be efficacious in treating depressed children and adolescents. CBT is based upon Beck's (1963, 1983) models of depression and psychotherapy and is designed to address maladaptive cognitions and patterns of behavior that contribute to low mood. Early meta-analyses reported high mean effect sizes for CBT with depressed youth (Lewinsohn and Clarke 1999; Michael and Crowley 2002; Reinecke et al. 1998). More recent meta-analyses found smaller mean effect sizes but still presented positive evidence for the efficacy of CBT (Klein et al. 2007; Weisz et al. 2006). Klein et al. (2007) found several moderators of treatment outcome effect sizes. Studies that yielded significantly smaller effect sizes employed intent-to-treat statistical analyses, compared CBT to active treatments rather than controls, and delivered the intervention in clinical rather than research settings. Overall, recent randomized controlled trials have subjected cognitive-behavioral interventions to more rigorous testing. Taken together, current evidence suggests that CBT can be effective for the treatment of major depression among youth, that improvements in mood are associated with improved psychosocial functioning, and that CBT can be effective in reducing suicidal ideation among depressed adolescents.