Botulinum Toxin

The American Psychiatric Publishing Textbook of Psychopharmacology, 4th Edition >

< Previous

Botulinum Toxin

Content

text A A A

Sections

Excerpt

Botulinum toxin, produced by Clostridium botulinum, causes botulism when ingested. The first clinical use of the toxin was in the treatment of childhood strabismus (Scott 1980). The first focal dystonia treated was blepharospasm (Elston 1988). Botulinum toxin has been subsequently used to treat a number of other conditions associated with excessive muscle activity, including neuroleptic-induced dystonias (Hughes 1994).

Your session has timed out. Please sign back in to continue.

Username

Password

Sign in via Athens (What is this?)

Athens is a service for single sign-on which enables access to all of an institution's subscriptions on- or off-site.

Forgot Password?

Not a subscriber?

Subscribe Now/Learn More

PsychiatryOnline subscription options offer access to the DSM-5 library, books, journals, CME, and patient resources. This all-in-one virtual library provides psychiatrists and mental health professionals with key resources for diagnosis, treatment, research, and professional development.

Need more help? PsychiatryOnline Customer Service may be reached by emailing PsychiatryOnline@psych.org or by calling 800-368-5777 (in the U.S.) or 703-907-7322 (outside the U.S.).

References

NOTE:
Citing articles are presented as examples only. In non-demo SCM6 implementation, integration with CrossRef’s “Cited By” API will populate this tab (http://www.crossref.org/citedby.html).

Compression-Only CPR: Pushing the Science Forward
Cone
AAM 2010;304:1493-1495.

All you need to read in the other general journals
BMJ 2010;341:c5893-c1494.

Botulinum Toxin

Sections

Excerpt

SECTION QUICK LINKS

References