Sections
Definition and Description | Pathophysiology | Treatment
Excerpt
Jet lag disorder refers to
sleep–wake disturbances associated with rapid travel across
time zones, resulting from a transient mismatch between the external
physical/social environment and the timing of the individual's
endogenous circadian rhythm. Symptoms include difficulty falling asleep
at night, daytime sleepiness, general malaise, gastrointestinal
upset, and mood changes (Winget et al. 1984). Symptoms
of jet lag are transient, with resolution as the traveler adjusts
physiologically and socially to the destination time zone. The severity
and duration of symptoms are related to the number of time zones
crossed. Eastward travel, in which adjustment requires an advance
shift of circadian rhythms, is usually more difficult than westward travel
and affects up to 80% of business travelers (Wagner 1996).
Sleep-onset difficulties are more common with eastward travel, and
evening sleepiness and sleep maintenance problems are more prominent
with westward travel (Boulos et al. 1995). Factors
such as anxiety, air quality, lack of physical activity, and dehydration
also contribute to the sleep loss and malaise that often accompany
jet travel.