Skip to main content

Abstract

Objective:

The investigators compared neuropsychiatric symptoms among COVID-19 patients at hospital admission and at discharge.

Methods:

Clinical data on neuropsychiatric syndromes were prospectively collected from 103 COVID-19 patients at admission and immediately before discharge. Clinical evaluations and serum biomarkers were analyzed to assess their relationship with neuropsychiatric symptoms and patient survival.

Results:

Neuropsychiatric symptoms had improved by the time of hospital discharge (N=81) compared with admission. Depression scores decreased from 5.0 to 3.8 points on the Beck Depression Inventory (t=3.04); anxiety scores decreased from 12.3 to 10.0 points on the Beck Anxiety Inventory (t=2.75); and cognitive scores increased from 21.8 to 23.6 points on the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (t=−4.07). Delirium was present among 24% of patients upon admission but only among 12% before discharge. Markers of inflammation were correlated with neuropsychiatric symptoms. Longer hospital stays significantly predicted depression (R2=0.06), and gender and procalcitonin levels were significantly associated with anxiety (R2=0.05). Cognitive impairment was linked to depression and the need for endotracheal intubation. Both cognitive impairment and endotracheal intubation were associated with lower survival rates (R2=0.10 and 0.18, respectively).

Conclusions:

These findings reveal that a significant number of COVID-19 patients continued to exhibit affective symptoms, delirium, and cognitive deficits at discharge, with delirium and cognitive deficits being linked to lower survival rates and inflammation markers being significantly associated with these symptoms. Factors such as gender, hospital stay length, and mechanical ventilation predicted neuropsychiatric symptoms.

Get full access to this content

View all available purchase options and get full access to this content.

Information & Authors

Information

Published In

Go to The Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences
Go to The Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences
The Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences

History

Received: 1 August 2023
Revision received: 31 December 2023
Revision received: 25 August 2024
Accepted: 24 October 2024
Published online: 31 January 2025

Keywords

  1. Cognitive Impairment
  2. COVID-19
  3. Delirium
  4. Neuropsychiatric Symptoms
  5. Inflammatory Markers

Authors

Details

Diego Armando Coronel Manzo, M.D. [email protected]
Department of Clinical Research, National Institute of Psychiatry Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Mexico City (Coronel Manzo, Flores Ramos); Departments of Neurology (Amscheridam Herrera) and Internal Medicine (Zapata Arenas), General Hospital of Mexico, Mexico City; Third Medical Department and University Cancer Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany (de Jesús Naveja); Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Medical Sciences and Nutrition Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City (Castillejos); Faculty of Medicine, Psychiatry, and Mental Health, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (López Sepúlveda).
Monica Flores Ramos, M.D., Ph.D.
Department of Clinical Research, National Institute of Psychiatry Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Mexico City (Coronel Manzo, Flores Ramos); Departments of Neurology (Amscheridam Herrera) and Internal Medicine (Zapata Arenas), General Hospital of Mexico, Mexico City; Third Medical Department and University Cancer Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany (de Jesús Naveja); Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Medical Sciences and Nutrition Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City (Castillejos); Faculty of Medicine, Psychiatry, and Mental Health, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (López Sepúlveda).
Schajrit Esther Amscheridam Herrera, M.Sc.
Department of Clinical Research, National Institute of Psychiatry Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Mexico City (Coronel Manzo, Flores Ramos); Departments of Neurology (Amscheridam Herrera) and Internal Medicine (Zapata Arenas), General Hospital of Mexico, Mexico City; Third Medical Department and University Cancer Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany (de Jesús Naveja); Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Medical Sciences and Nutrition Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City (Castillejos); Faculty of Medicine, Psychiatry, and Mental Health, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (López Sepúlveda).
Rogelio Zapata Arenas, M.D.
Department of Clinical Research, National Institute of Psychiatry Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Mexico City (Coronel Manzo, Flores Ramos); Departments of Neurology (Amscheridam Herrera) and Internal Medicine (Zapata Arenas), General Hospital of Mexico, Mexico City; Third Medical Department and University Cancer Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany (de Jesús Naveja); Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Medical Sciences and Nutrition Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City (Castillejos); Faculty of Medicine, Psychiatry, and Mental Health, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (López Sepúlveda).
José de Jesús Naveja, Ph.D.
Department of Clinical Research, National Institute of Psychiatry Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Mexico City (Coronel Manzo, Flores Ramos); Departments of Neurology (Amscheridam Herrera) and Internal Medicine (Zapata Arenas), General Hospital of Mexico, Mexico City; Third Medical Department and University Cancer Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany (de Jesús Naveja); Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Medical Sciences and Nutrition Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City (Castillejos); Faculty of Medicine, Psychiatry, and Mental Health, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (López Sepúlveda).
Natasha Álcocer Castillejos, M.D.
Department of Clinical Research, National Institute of Psychiatry Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Mexico City (Coronel Manzo, Flores Ramos); Departments of Neurology (Amscheridam Herrera) and Internal Medicine (Zapata Arenas), General Hospital of Mexico, Mexico City; Third Medical Department and University Cancer Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany (de Jesús Naveja); Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Medical Sciences and Nutrition Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City (Castillejos); Faculty of Medicine, Psychiatry, and Mental Health, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (López Sepúlveda).
Ana Cecilia López Sepúlveda, Psych.M.
Department of Clinical Research, National Institute of Psychiatry Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Mexico City (Coronel Manzo, Flores Ramos); Departments of Neurology (Amscheridam Herrera) and Internal Medicine (Zapata Arenas), General Hospital of Mexico, Mexico City; Third Medical Department and University Cancer Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany (de Jesús Naveja); Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Medical Sciences and Nutrition Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City (Castillejos); Faculty of Medicine, Psychiatry, and Mental Health, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (López Sepúlveda).

Notes

Send correspondence to Dr. Coronel Manzo ([email protected]).

Competing Interests

The authors report no financial relationships with commercial interests.

Metrics & Citations

Metrics

Citations

Export Citations

If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.

For more information or tips please see 'Downloading to a citation manager' in the Help menu.

Format
Citation style
Style
Copy to clipboard

View Options

Login options

Already a subscriber? Access your subscription through your login credentials or your institution for full access to this article.

Personal login Institutional Login Open Athens login
Purchase Options

Purchase this article to access the full text.

PPV Articles - Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences

PPV Articles - Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences

Not a subscriber?

Subscribe Now / Learn More

PsychiatryOnline subscription options offer access to the DSM-5-TR® library, books, journals, CME, and patient resources. This all-in-one virtual library provides psychiatrists and mental health professionals with key resources for diagnosis, treatment, research, and professional development.

Need more help? PsychiatryOnline Customer Service may be reached by emailing [email protected] or by calling 800-368-5777 (in the U.S.) or 703-907-7322 (outside the U.S.).

View options

PDF/EPUB

View PDF/EPUB

Full Text

View Full Text

Figures

Tables

Media

Share

Share

Share article link

Share