The Discovery of the Asylum: Social Order and Disorder in the New Republic (1971)
Now, however, historians were making the history of the asylum something other than the history of generous philanthropy and, by implication, were raising the question of whether those who now administered and defended the asylum should be ranked among the benevolent and reform-minded. Thus, mental health professionals and their allies (more so than wardens or welfare workers) took as an affront and personal challenge what I wrote in the original introduction to this volume. By describing the innovation as a reform,…[historians] assume that the asylum was an inevitable and sure step in the progress of humanity. It was exactly the type of device that well-meaning and wise citizens should have supposed. But such a perspective is bad logic and bad history. Was an organization that would eventually turn into a snake pit a necessary step forward for mankind?
The history of the discovery of the asylum is not without a degree of relevance that may be more liberating than stifling for us. We still live with many of these institutions, accepting their presence as inevitable. Despite a personal revulsion, we think of them as always having been with us, and therefore as always to be with us. We tend to forget that they were the invention of one generation to serve very special needs, not the only possible reaction to social problems. We need not remain trapped in inherited answers. An awareness of the causes and implication of past choices should encourage us to a greater experimentation with our own solutions.
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