Psychosocial Stress and Brain Function in Adolescent Psychopathology
Abstract
Objective:
Method:
Results:
Conclusions:
Method
Participants
Clinical Symptoms
Psychosocial Stress Score
Additional Covariates
Emotional Reactivity fMRI Task
fMRI Acquisition and Processing
Statistical Analysis
Behavioral analysis.
fMRI analysis.
Results
Behavioral Analysis
Test Statistics for Symptom Domains | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Descriptive Statistics | Conduct Symptoms | Hyperactivity/Inattention Symptoms | Emotional Symptoms | ||||||||
Variable | Mean | SD | β | t | p | β | t | p | β | t | p |
Sex | –0.12 | –3.70 | 2.25×10–4 | –0.06 | –1.99 | 0.047 | 0.17 | 5.09 | 4.03×10–7 | ||
Stressful life event frequency | 3.35 | 2.08 | 0.29 | 10.55 | 5.51×10–25 | 0.23 | 8.36 | 1.59×10–16 | 0.13 | 4.70 | 3.0×10–6 |
Verbal IQ | 111.98 | 14.82 | –0.10 | –3.50 | 4.83×10–4 | –0.17 | –5.90 | 4.53×10–9 | –0.10 | –3.52 | 4.53×10–4 |
Socioeconomic status | 0.66 | 1.06 | 0.04 | 1.50 | 0.13 | 0.01 | 0.36 | 0.72 | 0.11 | 3.82 | 1.4×10–4 |
Puberty development stage | 3.64 | 0.70 | 0.01 | 0.25 | 0.81 | –0.03 | –0.79 | 0.43 | –0.05 | –1.55 | 0.12 |
Conduct problems | 2.49 | 1.58 | |||||||||
Hyperactivity/inattention problems | 4.34 | 2.17 | |||||||||
Emotional problems | 2.24 | 2.30 |
fMRI Region-of-Interest Analysis
Angry Faces Versus Control Stimulus, Left Amygdala | Angry Faces Versus Control Stimulus, Right Amygdala | Neutral Faces Versus Control Stimulus, Left Amygdala | Neutral Faces Versus Control Stimulus, Right Amygdala | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Measure | β | t | p | β | t | p | β | t | p | β | t | p |
Conduct problems | ||||||||||||
Main effect | 0.008 | 0.272 | 0.786 | –0.048 | –1.59 | 0.111 | –0.015 | –0.517 | 0.605 | 0.003 | 0.109 | 0.913 |
Stress main effect | –0.001 | –0.027 | 0.978 | 4×10–4 | –0.013 | 0.99 | –0.037 | –1.22 | 0.224 | –0.032 | –1.04 | 0.297 |
Conduct × stress | 0.081 | 2.86 | 0.0044 | 0.089 | 3.11 | 0.0019 | 0.093 | 3.27 | 0.001 | 0.081 | 2.84 | 0.005 |
Hyperactivity/inattention problems | ||||||||||||
Main effect | –0.004 | –0.125 | 0.901 | 0.007 | 0.224 | 0.823 | –0.047 | –1.60 | 0.110 | 0.019 | 0.638 | 0.523 |
Stress main effect | 0.009 | 0.315 | 0.753 | –0.005 | –0.167 | 0.867 | –0.020 | –0.664 | 0.507 | –0.026 | –0.887 | 0.375 |
Hyperactivity × stress | 0.091 | 3.28 | 0.0011 | 0.062 | 2.23 | 0.026 | 0.070 | 2.49 | 0.013 | 0.070 | 2.52 | 0.012 |
Emotional problems | ||||||||||||
Main effect | 0.016 | 0.542 | 0.588 | –0.001 | –0.045 | 0.964 | 0.035 | 1.20 | 0.230 | 0.055 | 1.88 | 0.060 |
Stress main effect | 0.008 | 0.262 | 0.793 | –0.003 | –0.092 | 0.927 | –0.034 | –1.16 | 0.246 | –0.031 | –1.05 | 0.296 |
Emotional × stress | 0.045 | 1.57 | 0.117 | 0.032 | 1.14 | 0.254 | 0.034 | 1.18 | 0.240 | 0.052 | 1.82 | 0.070 |
Conduct symptoms.
Hyperactivity/inattention symptoms.
Emotional symptoms.
PPI Functional Connectivity Analysis
Contrast and Effect | Positive or Negative PPI | Region | Side | Coordinates of Peak Activationa | t | β | Cluster Size (k) | p |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Angry faces versus control stimulus, left amygdala | ||||||||
Main effect: conduct symptoms | Positive | Frontal pole | Left | –38, –10, –18 | 5.22 | 0.043 | 117 | 0.016 |
Angry faces versus control stimulus, right amygdala | ||||||||
Main effect: hyperactivity/inattention symptoms | Positive | Precuneus | Left | –8, –56, 18 | 4.10 | 0.034 | 150 | 0.0027b |
Neutral faces versus control stimulus, left amygdala | ||||||||
Main effect: hyperactivity/inattention symptoms | Positive | Caudate | Left | –6, 10, 0 | 4.51 | 0.042 | 96 | 0.044 |
Neutral faces versus control stimulus, right amygdala | ||||||||
Main effect: stress in conduct symptoms model | Positive | Angular gyrus | Right | 52, –50, 28 | 4.99 | 0.040 | 152 | 0.004 |
Main effect: stress in hyperactivity/inattention symptoms model | Positive | Angular gyrus | Right | 52, –50, 28 | 4.79 | 0.037 | 132 | 0.008 |
Interaction effect: hyperactivity/inattention symptoms × psychosocial stress frequency | Positive | Frontal pole | Right | 0, 64, 6 | 3.73 | 0.023 | 86 | 0.066 |
Main effect: stress in emotional symptoms model | Positive | Angular gyrus | Right | 52, –50, 28 | 4.66 | 0.036 | 118 | 0.015 |
fMRI Whole Brain Analysis
Conduct symptoms.
Hyperactivity/inattention symptoms.
Emotional symptoms.
Discussion
Acknowledgments
Footnotes
Supplementary Material
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