Mood Disorders and Outcomes of COVID-19 Hospitalizations
Abstract
Objective:
Methods:
Results:
Conclusions:
Methods
Cohort Derivation
Symptom Characterization From Narrative Clinical Notes
Study Design and Analysis
Results
Characteristic | Not Deceased in Hospital (N=2,529) | Deceased in Hospital (N=459) | Total (N=2988) | p | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
N | % | N | % | N | % | ||
Mood disorder | 580 | 22.9 | 137 | 29.8 | 717 | 24.0 | 0.001 |
Male | 1,334 | 52.7 | 263 | 57.3 | 1,597 | 53.4 | 0.072 |
White | 1,235 | 48.8 | 293 | 63.8 | 1,528 | 51.1 | <0.001 |
Hispanic | 771 | 30.5 | 69 | 15.0 | 840 | 28.1 | <0.001 |
Academic hospital site | 1,446 | 57.2 | 207 | 45.1 | 1,653 | 55.3 | <0.001 |
Current smoker | 142 | 5.6 | 22 | 4.8 | 164 | 5.5 | 0.477 |
Anxiety disorder | 496 | 19.6 | 110 | 24.0 | 606 | 20.3 | 0.033 |
Substance use disorder | 336 | 13.3 | 65 | 14.2 | 401 | 13.4 | 0.613 |
Dementia/delirium | 313 | 12.4 | 152 | 33.1 | 465 | 15.6 | <0.001 |
Admitted from skilled nursing facility | 129 | 5.1 | 71 | 15.5 | 200 | 6.7 | <0.001 |
Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | ||
Age (years) | 60.13 | 18.29 | 77.73 | 12.57 | 62.83 | 18.65 | <0.001 |
Area Deprivation Indexa | 87.75 | 20.01 | 85.59 | 21.52 | 87.42 | 20.26 | 0.036 |
Body mass indexb | 29.56 | 7.55 | 28.22 | 8.01 | 29.36 | 7.63 | <0.001 |
Comorbidity index | 2.25 | 3.11 | 4.24 | 4.10 | 2.56 | 3.36 | <0.001 |
Characteristic | Discharged Home (N=1,125) | Not Discharged Home (N=1,229) | Total (N=2,354) | p | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
N | % | N | % | N | % | ||
Mood disorder | 178 | 15.8 | 340 | 27.7 | 518 | 22.0 | <0.001 |
Male | 622 | 55.3 | 623 | 50.7 | 1,245 | 52.9 | 0.026 |
White | 458 | 40.7 | 656 | 53.4 | 1,114 | 47.3 | <0.001 |
Hispanic | 459 | 40.8 | 300 | 24.4 | 759 | 32.2 | <0.001 |
Academic hospital site | 692 | 61.5 | 627 | 51.0 | 1,319 | 56.0 | <0.001 |
Current smoker | 60 | 5.3 | 73 | 5.9 | 133 | 5.6 | 0.524 |
Anxiety disorder | 183 | 16.3 | 261 | 21.2 | 444 | 18.9 | 0.002 |
Substance use disorder | 118 | 10.5 | 175 | 14.2 | 293 | 12.4 | 0.006 |
Dementia/delirium | 28 | 2.5 | 222 | 18.1 | 250 | 10.6 | <0.001 |
Intensive care unit stay | 121 | 10.8 | 351 | 28.6 | 472 | 20.1 | <0.001 |
Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | ||
Age (years) | 51.09 | 15.96 | 66.70 | 16.92 | 59.24 | 18.22 | <0.001 |
Area Deprivation Indexa | 90.51 | 17.92 | 85.59 | 21.26 | 87.95 | 19.88 | <0.001 |
Body mass indexb | 30.50 | 6.46 | 28.89 | 8.17 | 29.66 | 7.44 | <0.001 |
Charlson comorbidity index | 1.34 | 2.37 | 2.84 | 3.37 | 2.12 | 3.03 | <0.001 |
Crude Model | Sociodemographic Model | Fully Adjusted Model | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Variable | Hazard Ratio | 95% CI | Hazard Ratio | 95% CI | Hazard Ratio | 95% CI |
Mood disordera | ||||||
<12 hospital days | 1.169 | 0.910, 1.502 | 1.076 | 0.833, 1.391 | 0.876 | 0.653, 1.175 |
≥12 hospital days | 2.156 | 1.540, 3.020 | 1.997 | 1.415, 2.820 | 1.540 | 1.054, 2.250 |
Agea | ||||||
<12 hospital days | 1.067 | 1.057, 1.077 | 1.064 | 1.053, 1.075 | ||
≥12 hospital days | 1.040 | 1.027, 1.054 | 1.039 | 1.025, 1.053 | ||
Sex (male) | 1.379 | 1.137, 1.674 | 1.351 | 1.104, 1.653 | ||
Race (white) | 1.143 | 0.922, 1.416 | 1.129 | 0.905, 1.408 | ||
Ethnicity (Hispanic) | 0.861 | 0.650, 1.142 | 0.955 | 0.716, 1.273 | ||
Area Deprivation Index | 1.006 | 1.001, 1.011 | 1.005 | 1.000, 1.010 | ||
Hospital site (academic) | 0.690 | 0.567, 0.839 | 0.606 | 0.493, 0.745 | ||
Admitted from skilled nursing facility | 1.517 | 1.144, 2.010 | ||||
Body mass index | 1.020 | 1.007, 1.034 | ||||
Current smoker | 1.327 | 0.815, 2.162 | ||||
Charlson comorbidity index | 1.038 | 1.010, 1.065 | ||||
Anxiety disorderb | 1.049 | 0.804, 1.369 | ||||
Substance use disorderb | 0.897 | 0.657, 1.226 | ||||
Dementia/deliriumb | 1.215 | 0.967, 1.528 |
Crude Model | Sociodemographic Model | Fully Adjusted Model | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Variable | Odds Ratio | 95% CI | Odds Ratio | 95% CI | Odds Ratio | 95% CI |
Mood disordera | 2.035 | 1.661, 2.493 | 1.921 | 1.526, 2.417 | 1.504 | 1.132, 1.999 |
Age | 2.640 | 2.363, 2.950 | 2.427 | 2.145, 2.747 | ||
Sex (male) | 1.005 | 0.836, 1.209 | 0.986 | 0.815, 1.192 | ||
Race (white) | 0.967 | 0.791, 1.182 | 0.926 | 0.755, 1.137 | ||
Ethnicity (Hispanic) | 0.848 | 0.685, 1.050 | 0.890 | 0.718, 1.105 | ||
Area Deprivation Index | 0.998 | 0.904, 1.103 | 1.016 | 0.918, 1.125 | ||
Hospital site (academic) | 0.833 | 0.688, 1.009 | 0.825 | 0.679, 1.002 | ||
Body mass index | 1.044 | 0.949, 1.148 | ||||
Current smoker | 1.376 | 0.893, 2.119 | ||||
Charlson comorbidity index | 1.141 | 1.018, 1.279 | ||||
Anxiety disordera | 0.823 | 0.614, 1.102 | ||||
Substance use disordera | 1.186 | 0.853, 1.649 | ||||
Dementia/deliriuma | 3.146 | 2.016, 4.910 |
Discussion
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