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Dementia is a clinical syndrome that can be caused by a range of diseases or injuries to the brain. Given that dementia is a chronic disease, with estimates of its duration ranging from 3 to 4 years in community settings (Graham et al. 1997) and from 10 to 12 years in clinical settings (Rabins et al. 2006), it poses a unique public health problem with serious effects on its victims, their families, and society at large. In the United States alone, it is estimated that by 2050, the annual cost of heath care, long-term care, and hospice care for patients with dementia will be close to $1.2 trillion (in 2013 dollars) (Alzheimer's Association 2013).
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