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Drugs may be taken as single doses on an occasional basis to mitigate a temporary condition. Alternatively, drugs may be taken by patients daily for the rest of their lives to prevent or treat chronic disease. The usual duration of drug therapy is somewhere between these extremes. The amount of drug and the frequency with which it is taken define a dosage regimen. When a new drug or formulation is marketed, dosing guidelines accompanying the product are based on results from a variety of experimental and clinical studies. An integral component of drug development is the investigation of pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties. An understanding of basic pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic principles can aid the investigator in designing studies to gain the optimal insight from collected data. Understanding these principles also benefits the clinician in helping to develop precision drug dosage regimens to achieve therapeutic goals for individual patients.
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