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As of 2013, over 10 million people were incarcerated worldwide (Walmsley 2013), with over 1.6 million in U.S. prisons alone (Guerino et al. 2011). The goals of corrections are twofold: 1) to improve public safety by removing offenders from the community and by providing oversight of offenders allowed to remain in society, and 2) to “correct” offending behavior so that inmates desist from committing future crimes. A myriad of legal mandates direct the manner in which correctional agencies must operate and establish standards for the services that must be provided. In this chapter, we review the various types of correctional settings, the impact of imprisonment and prison culture on inmate functioning, and offender rights.
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