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Published Online: 16 June 2022

Front Matter

Publication: The American Psychiatric Association Publishing Textbook of Mood Disorders
The American Psychiatric Association Publishing
Textbook of
Mood Disorders
SECOND EDITION
The American Psychiatric Association Publishing
Textbook of
Mood Disorders
SECOND EDITION
Edited by
Charles B. Nemeroff, M.D., Ph.D.
Natalie Rasgon, M.D., Ph.D.
Alan F. Schatzberg, M.D.
Stephen M. Strakowski, M.D.
Note: The authors have worked to ensure that all information in this book is accurate at the time of publication and consistent with general psychiatric and medical standards, and that information concerning drug dosages, schedules, and routes of administration is accurate at the time of publication and consistent with standards set by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration and the general medical community. As medical research and practice continue to advance, however, therapeutic standards may change. Moreover, specific situations may require a specific therapeutic response not included in this book. For these reasons and because human and mechanical errors sometimes occur, we recommend that readers follow the advice of physicians directly involved in their care or the care of a member of their family.
Books published by American Psychiatric Association Publishing represent the findings, conclusions, and views of the individual authors and do not necessarily represent the policies and opinions of American Psychiatric Association Publishing or the American Psychiatric Association.
If you wish to buy 50 or more copies of the same title, please go to www.appi.org/specialdiscounts for more information.
Copyright © 2022 American Psychiatric Association Publishing
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
Second Edition
Manufactured in the United States of America on acid-free paper
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American Psychiatric Association Publishing
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Suite 900
Washington, DC 20024-2812
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
A CIP record is available from the Library of Congress.
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
A CIP record is available from the British Library.
To Gayle, Gigi, Ross, Mandy, Michael, Emily, Callie, Rylie, and Finn, for your support during the long hours, which made this volume possible.
C.B.N
To Alex, for all your love and support.
To the loving memory of my parents.
N.R.
To my wife,
Nancy,
and my daughters,
Melissa Dassori and Lindsey Cedillos.
A.F.S.
To Stacy, Andy, Alexis, Lucas, and Sue,
for all your love and support.
S.M.S.

Contents

Contributors xv
Acknowledgments xxvii
PART I
Symptomatology and Epidemiology
1 Historical Aspects of Mood Disorders 3
Dean F. MacKinnon, M.D.
J. Raymond DePaulo Jr., M.D.
2 Classifications of Mood Disorders 15
Darrel A. Regier, M.D., M.P.H.
3 Epidemiology and Burden of Mood Disorders 31
Ronald C. Kessler, Ph.D.
Andrew A. Nierenberg, M.D.
Brenda W.J.H. Penninx, M.D., Ph.D.
Philip S. Wang, M.D., Dr.P.H.
Hans-Ulrich Wittchen, Ph.D.
Hannah N. Ziobrowski, Ph.D., M.P.H.
4 Rating Scales and Structured Diagnostic Interviews for Mood Disorders 55
David V. Sheehan, M.D., M.B.A.
PART II
Pathogenesis of Mood Disorders
5 Neurochemistry of Mood Disorders 93
Charles F. Gillespie, M.D., Ph.D.
6 Psychoneuroendocrinology of Mood Disorders 105
Luca Sforzini, M.D.
Maria Antonietta Nettis, M.D., Ph.D.
Frances Isabella Weston, B.Sc.
Carmine Maria Pariante, M.D., Ph.D., FRCPsych
7 Role of the Immune System in Mood Disorders 133
Marisa Toups, M.D.
Charles B. Nemeroff, M.D., Ph.D.
8 Evolutionary Contributions to the Understanding of Mood and Mood Disorders 145
Martin Brüne, M.D.
Daniel R. Wilson, M.D., Ph.D.
PART III
Investigating Mood Disorders
9 Anatomical Pathology 165
Grazyna Rajkowska, Ph.D.
10 Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology 177
Marianne Seney, Ph.D.
David A. Lewis, M.D.
11 Brain Imaging 191
Michele A. Bertocci, Ph.D.
Jorge Renner Cardoso de Almeida, M.D., Ph.D.
Stephen M. Strakowski, M.D.
Mary L. Phillips, M.D., M.D. (Cantab)
12 Genetics of Mood Disorders 205
Wade Berrettini, M.D., Ph.D.
13 Epigenetics of Mood Disorders 217
Melissa P.H. Miller, M.Sc.
Caroline Symcox, B.Sc.
Frances A. Champagne, Ph.D.
PART IV
Somatic Interventions for Mood Disorders
14 Tricyclics, Tetracyclics, and Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors 231
Matthew Macaluso, D.O., DFAPA
15 Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors and Related Antidepressants 239
Richard C. Shelton, M.D.
16 Lithium and Mood Stabilizers 271
Keming Gao, M.D., Ph.D.
Yuanhan Bai, M.D., M.S.
Joseph R. Calabrese, M.D.
17 Role of Antipsychotics in Mood Disorder Treatment 285
Ilang M. Guiroy, M.D.
Tyler Wright, M.D., M.P.H.
Brian W. Wu, M.D., Ph.D.
Henry A. Nasrallah, M.D.
18 Electroconvulsive Therapy 297
William McDonald, M.D.
19 Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation 317
Andrew M. Fukuda, M.D., Ph.D.
Brian C. Kavanaugh, Psy.D.
Shiwen Yuan, M.D.
Linda L. Carpenter, M.D.
20 Vagus Nerve Stimulation and Deep Brain Stimulation 335
Dora M. Meyer, M.Sc.
Hannah M. Kilian, M.Sc.
Thomas E. Schlaepfer, M.D.
21 Other Antidepressants: Bupropion, Mirtazapine, and Trazodone 365
Charles DeBattista, M.D.
22 Ketamine and Other Investigational Agents 375
Gerard Sanacora, M.D., Ph.D.
Brandon M. Kitay, M.D., Ph.D.
PART V
Psychotherapy of Mood Disorders
23 Cognitive and Behavior Therapies for Depressive Disorders 405
W. Edward Craighead, Ph.D.
24 Interpersonal Psychotherapy for Depressive Disorders 419
John C. Markowitz, M.D.
25 Psychoanalytic and Psychodynamic Psychotherapy for Depressive Disorders 443
Glen O. Gabbard, M.D.
26 Psychotherapeutic Approaches to Bipolar Disorder 455
David J. Miklowitz, Ph.D.
Lisa A. O’Donnell, Ph.D.
27 Psychotherapy for Depression in Children and Adolescents 473
Jennifer L. Hughes, Ph.D., M.P.H.
Martha C. Tompson, Ph.D.
Adora Choquette, B.A.
Joan R. Asarnow, Ph.D.
PART VI
Integrative Management of Mood Disorders
28 Practice Guidelines for Major Depressive Disorder 495
Michael E. Thase, M.D.
29 Treatment Guidelines for Bipolar Disorder 527
Jorge Renner Cardoso de Almeida, M.D., Ph.D.
Lakshmi N. Yatham, M.B.B.S., FRCPC
Benjamin Goldstein, M.D., Ph.D.
30 Understanding and Preventing Suicide 543
J. John Mann, M.D.
Mina M. Rizk, M.B.B.Ch., M.Sc.
31 Suicide in Children and Adolescents 559
Christine Yu Moutier, M.D.
Joan Asarnow, Ph.D.
32 Combination Strategies for the Pharmacological Treatment of Major Depressive Disorder 583
Adel Farah, M.D., M.Sc.
Pierre Blier, M.D., Ph.D.
33 Management of Treatment-Resistant Depression 609
Samuel J. Collier, M.D.
Charles B. Nemeroff, M.D., Ph.D.
PART VII
Subtypes of Mood Disorders
34 Seasonal Affective Disorder and Light Therapy 633
Norman E. Rosenthal, M.D.
Dan A. Oren, M.D.
35 Atypical Depression, Dysthymia, and Cyclothymia 649
John T.P. Liggins, M.D., M.S.
William Coryell, M.D.
36 Major Depressive Disorder With Psychotic Features 665
Alan F. Schatzberg, M.D.
37 Pediatric Mood Disorders 685
Manpreet K. Singh, M.D., M.S.
38 Geriatric Mood Disorders 703
Kristina F. Zdanys, M.D.
David C. Steffens, M.D., M.H.S.
PART VIII
Additional Perspectives on Mood Disorder
39 Depression in Primary Care 727
Larry Culpepper, M.D., M.P.H.
40 Depression in Medical Illness 743
James K. Rustad, M.D.
Vanessa Padilla, M.D.
Mitchell Rovner, M.D.
Dominique L. Musselman, M.D., M.S.C.R.
41 Mood Disorders and Substance Use 769
Edward Nunes, M.D.
Eric Rubin, M.D., Ph.D.
Kenneth Carpenter, Ph.D.
Deborah Hasin, Ph.D.
42 Depression in Women 801
Alison Myoraku, M.S.
Lexi Nutkiewicz, B.A.
Teresa Lanza di Scalea, M.D., Ph.D.
Natalie Rasgon, M.D., Ph.D.
D. Jeffrey Newport, M.D., M.S.
43 Depression Across Cultures: An Ecosocial Approach 837
Laurence J. Kirmayer, M.D.
G. Eric Jarvis, M.D.
Ana Gómez-Carrillo, M.D.
44 Mood Disorders and Sleep 869
Zhixing Yao, M.D.
Trevor Mooney, M.D.
William V. McCall, M.D., M.S.
45 Childhood Maltreatment and Mood Disorders 895
Elizabeth T.C. Lippard, Ph.D.
Charles B. Nemeroff, M.D., Ph.D.
Index 909
Color Gallery

Contributors

Joan Asarnow, Ph.D.
Professor of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Science, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California
Yuanhan Bai, M.D., M.S.
Attending Physician, Division of Mood Disorders in Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China; Research Fellow, Department of Psychiatry, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio
Wade Berrettini, M.D., Ph.D.
Karl E. Rickels Professor, Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Michele A. Bertocci, Ph.D.
Research Assistant Professor of Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
Pierre Blier, M.D., Ph.D.
Professor, Departments of Psychiatry and Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Royal Ottawa Institute of Mental Health Research, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
Martin Brüne, M.D., Ph.D.
Professor of Psychiatry, LWL University Hospital Bochum, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Preventive Medicine, Division of Social Neuropsychiatry and Evolutionary Medicine, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
Joseph R. Calabrese, M.D.
Emeritus Professor of Psychiatry, Former Director of Bipolar Disorder Research Center, Case Western Reserve University; Former Director of Mood Disorders Program, Department of Psychiatry, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio
Kenneth Carpenter, Ph.D.
Associate Professor of Clinical Psychology (in Psychiatry) Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center and New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York
Linda L. Carpenter, M.D.
Professor, Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
Frances A. Champagne, Ph.D.
Professor, Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at Austin
Adora Choquette, B.A.
Clinical Psychology doctoral student, Department of Psychology, University of Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee
Samuel J. Collier, M.D.
Associate Professor, Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Dell Medical School, Austin, Texas
William Coryell, M.D.
George Winokur Professor of Psychiatry, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City
W. Edward Craighead, Ph.D.
J. Rex Fuqua Professor and Endowed Chair, Vice Chair of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
Larry Culpepper, M.D., M.P.H.
Professor of Family Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
Jorge Renner Cardoso de Almeida, M.D., Ph.D.
Associate Professor, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin
Charles DeBattista, M.D.
Professor of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences and Director, Depression Research Clinic, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
J. Raymond DePaulo Jr., M.D.
Professor, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
Adel Farah, M.D., M.Sc.
Psychiatry Resident, Departments of Psychiatry and Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Royal Ottawa Institute of Mental Health Research, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
Andrew M. Fukuda M.D., Ph.D.
Chief Resident of Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
Glen O. Gabbard, M.D.
Clinical Professor of Psychiatry, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
Keming Gao, M.D., Ph.D.
Professor of Psychiatry, Director of Bipolar Disorder Research Center, Case Western Reserve University; Director of the Mood Disorders Program, Medical Director of Electroconvulsive Therapy, and Director of Ketamine Infusion and Repetitive Transcranial Stimulation in the Department of Psychiatry, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio
Charles F. Gillespie, M.D., Ph.D.
Assistant Professor, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
Benjamin Goldstein, M.D., Ph.D.
RBC Investments Chair in Children’s Mental Health & Developmental Psychopathology, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Professor of Psychiatry and Pharmacology, University of Toronto Faculty of Medicine, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Ana Gómez-Carrillo, M.D.
Banting Post-Doctoral Fellow, Division of Social and Transcultural Psychiatry, McGill University; Investigator, Culture and Mental Health Research Unit, Sir Mortimer B. Davis—Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
Ilang M. Guiroy, M.D.
Chief Resident Physician, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
Deborah Hasin, Ph.D.
Professor of Epidemiology (in Psychiatry), Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University Irving Medical Center and New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York
Jennifer L. Hughes, Ph.D., M.P.H.
Psychologist and Clinical Scholar, Big Lots Behavioral Health Services, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio; Associate Professor, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio; Adjunct Associate Professor, Department of Psychiatry, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
G. Eric Jarvis, M.D.
Associate Professor of Psychiatry, Division of Social and Transcultural Psychiatry, McGill University; Investigator, Culture and Mental Health Research Unit, Sir Mortimer B. Davis—Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
Brian C. Kavanaugh, Psy.D.
Assistant Professor, Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
Ronald C. Kessler, Ph.D.
McNeil Family Professor of Health Care Policy, Department of Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
Hannah M. Kilian, M.Sc.
Research Scientist, Division of Interventional Biological Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy Medical Center, University of Freiburg Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany
Laurence J. Kirmayer, M.D.
James McGill Professor and Director, Division of Social & Transcultural Psychiatry, McGill University; Director, Culture and Mental Health Research Unit, Sir Mortimer B. Davis—Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
Brandon M. Kitay, M.D., Ph.D.
Assistant Professor of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
Teresa Lanza di Scalea, M.D., Ph.D.
Assistant Professor of Psychiatry and Women's Health, Department of Psychiatry, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin
David A. Lewis, M.D.
Distinguished Professor of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Thomas Detre Professor of Academic Psychiatry, Translational Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
John T. P. Liggins, M.D., M.S.
Staff Psychiatrist, Palo Verde Behavioral Health, Tucson, Arizona
Elizabeth T. P. Lippard, Ph.D.
Assistant Professor, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Institute of Early Life Adversity Research, Mulva Clinic for Neuroscience, Dell Medical School; Assistant Professor of Psychiatry, Waggoner Center for Alcohol and Addiction Research, Department of Psychology, University of Texas, Austin, Texas
Matthew Macaluso, D.O., DFAPA
Bee McWane Reid Professor, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, and Clinical Director, UAB Depression and Suicide Center, The University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama
Dean F. MacKinnon, M.D.
Associate Professor, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
J. John Mann, M.D.
Paul Janssen Professor of Translational Neuroscience in Psychiatry and Radiology, Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, New York
John C. Markowitz, M.D.
Professor of Clinical Psychiatry, Columbia University; Research Psychiatrist, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York
William V. McCall, M.D., M.S.
Professor and Case Distinguished University Chair, Department of Psychiatry and Health Behavior, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
William McDonald, M.D.
J. B. Fuqua Chair and Professor of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
Dora M. Meyer, M.Sc.
Research Scientist, Division of Interventional Biological Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy Medical Center, University of Freiburg Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany
David J. Miklowitz, Ph.D.
Distinguished Professor of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California
Melissa P.H. Miller, M.Sc.
Doctoral Student, Department of Psychology & Interdisciplinary Life Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin
Trevor Mooney, M.D.
Psychiatry Resident, Department of Psychiatry and Health Behavior, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
Christine Yu Moutier, M.D.
Chief Medical Officer, American Foundation for Suicide Prevention, New York, New York
Dominique Musselman, M.D., M.S.C.R.
Associate Professor, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami Leonard Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
Alison Myoraku, M.S.
Clinical Research Coordinator Associate, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, California
Henry A. Nasrallah, M.D.
Professor of Psychiatry, Neurology, and Neuroscience; Vice-Chair for Faculty Development and Mentorship; Director of Neuropsychiatry Program, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
Charles B. Nemeroff, M.D., Ph.D.
Matthew P. Nemeroff Endowed Chair and Professor, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Mulva Clinic for the Neurosciences; Director, Institute of Early Life Adversity Research, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin
Maria Antonietta Nettis, M.D., Ph.D.
Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London; National Institute for Health and Research Biomedical Research Centre at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
D. Jeffrey Newport, M.D., M.S.
Professor and Associate Chair for Research, Department of Psychiatry, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Texas
Andrew A. Nierenberg, M.D.
Thomas P. Hackett, MD, Endowed Chair in Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
Edward Nunes, M.D.
Professor of Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center and New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York
Lexi Nutkiewicz, B.A.
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, California
Lisa A. O’Donnell, Ph.D.
Assistant Professor, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan
Dan A. Oren, M.D.
Associate Professor of Psychiatry (Adjunct), Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
Vanessa Padilla, M.D.
Assistant Professor, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami Leonard Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
Carmine Maria Pariante, M.D., Ph.D., FRCPsych
Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London; National Institute for Health and Research Biomedical Research Centre at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
Brenda W. J. H. Penninx, M.D., Ph.D.
Professor of Psychiatric Epidemiology, Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Neuroscience and Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Mary L. Phillips, M.D., M.D. (Cantab)
Pittsburgh Foundation–Emmerling Endowed Chair in Psychotic Disorders and Professor in Psychiatry and Clinical and Translational Science; Director of Center for Translational and Developmental Affective Neuroscience, Collaborative on Mood Disorders Research, and Mood and Brain Laboratory; Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
Grazyna Rajkowska, Ph.D.
Professor, Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
Natalie Rasgon, M.D., Ph.D.
Professor, Departments of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences and Obstetrics & Gynecology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California; Director of the Stanford Center for Neuroscience in Women’s Health; Associate Dean of Academic Affairs
Darrel A. Regier, M.D., M.P.H.
Adjunct Professor in Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland; and Senior Scientist, Center for the Study of Traumatic Stress, Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, Maryland
Mina M. Rizk, M.B.B.Ch., M.Sc.
Postgraduate Year 1, Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York; Postdoctoral Fellow, Research Foundation for Mental Hygiene, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York
Norman E. Rosenthal, M.D.
Clinical Professor of Psychiatry, Georgetown University Medical School, Washington, DC
Mitchell Rovner, M.D.
Assistant Professor, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami Leonard Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
Eric Rubin, M.D., Ph.D.
Associate Clinical Professor of Psychiatry, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, Harlem Hospital, New York, New York
James K. Rustad, M.D.
Psychiatrist, Department of Mental Health and Behavioral Sciences, White River Junction VA Medical Center, White River Junction, Vermont; Assistant Professor of Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire
Gerard Sanacora, M.D., Ph.D.
Professor of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
Alan F. Schatzberg, M.D.
Kenneth T. Norris Jr. Professor, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California; Director, Stanford Mood Disorders Center
Thomas E. Schlaepfer, M.D.
Head, Division of Interventional Biological Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy Medical Center, University of Freiburg Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany; Associate Professor, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
Marianne Seney, Ph.D.
Assistant Professor, Translational Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
Luca Sforzini, M.D.
Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
David V. Sheehan, M.D., M.B.A.
Distinguished University Health Professor Emeritus, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida
Richard C. Shelton, M.D.
Charles Byron Ireland Professor, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, School of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham
Manpreet K. Singh, M.D., M.S.
Associate Professor of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences and Director of the Stanford Pediatric Mood Disorders Program and the Pediatric Emotion and Resilience Lab, Stanford University, Stanford, California
David C. Steffens, M.D., M.H.S.
Professor and Chairman, Department of Psychiatry, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut
Stephen M. Strakowski, M.D.
Vice Dean of Research and Associate Vice President of Regional Mental Health, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin; Professor of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Psychology, and Educational Psychology, University of Texas, Austin
Caroline Symcox, B.Sc.
Postbaccalaureate Research Assistant, Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at Austin
Michael E. Thase, M.D.
Professor of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Martha C. Tompson, Ph.D.
Associate Professor, Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
Marisa Toups, M.D.
Assistant Professor of Psychiatry, Dell Medical School, University of Texas at Austin
Philip S. Wang, M.D., Dr.P.H.
Chair and Chief of Psychiatry, Cambridge Health Alliance, and Professor of the Practice of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, Massachusetts
Frances Isabella Weston, B.Sc.
Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
Daniel R. Wilson, M.D., Ph.D.
President Emeritus, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, California
Hans-Ulrich Wittchen, Ph.D.
Professor of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
Tyler Wright, M.D., M.P.H.
Chief Resident Physician, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
Brian W. Wu, M.D., Ph.D.
Resident Physician, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
Zhixing Yao, M.D.
Psychiatry Resident, Department of Psychiatry and Health Behavior, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
Lakshmi N. Yatham, M.B.B.S., FRCPC
Professor and Head, Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
Shiwen Yuan, M.D.
Clinical Instructor, Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
Kristina F. Zdanys, M.D.
Associate Professor, Department of Psychiatry, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut
Hannah N. Ziobrowski, Ph.D., M.P.H.
Research Associate, Department of Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts

Disclosure of Interests

The following contributors to this textbook have indicated a financial interest in or other affiliation with a commercial supporter, manufacturer of a commercial product, and/or provider of a commercial service as listed below:
Joan R. Asarnow, Ph.D. Dr. Asarnow has received grant funding and/or other support from the National Institute of Mental Health, the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, the American Foundation for Suicide Prevention, the Association for Child and Adolescent Mental Health, the American Psychological Association, and the Society of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology. She has also served as a consultant on quality improvement interventions for depression and suicidal/self-harm behavior and on Data Safety and Monitoring and noncommercial Advisory Boards/Expert Panels, as well as on the scientific advisory board for the Klingenstein Third Generation Foundation.
Pierre Blier, M.D., Ph.D. Dr. Blier received honoraria for giving lectures and/or for participating in advisory boards and/or providing expert testimony for Allergan, Bristol Myers Squibb, Janssen, Lundbeck/Otsuka, and Pfizer. He received research grants from the Canadian Institute of Health Research, Canadian Biomarkers for Depression, and Ontario Brain Institute.
Linda L. Carpenter, M.D. Research Support: Affect Neuro (formerly Feelmore Labs), Janssen, NeoSync, Neuronetics, and Nexstim; Consultant: Janssen, Magstim, and Nexstim.
W. Edward Craighead, Ph.D. Dr. Craighead is a board member of Hugarheill ehf, an Icelandic company dedicated to the prevention of depression; receives book royalties from John Wiley & Sons (Hoboken, NJ, USA); is supported by National Institutes of Health funding, the Mary and John Brock Foundation, and the Fuqua Family Foundations; and is a consultant to the George West Mental Health Foundation, a member of the Scientific Advisory Board (SAB) of the Anxiety and Depression Association of America, and a member of the SAB for AIM for Mental Health Foundation.
Charles DeBattista, M.D. Grant Support: Abbott, Biolite, Compass, and Jansen; Consultant: Alkermes and Corcept Therapeutics.
Charles F. Gillespie, M.D., Ph.D. Consultant: Cohen Veterans Bioscience.
Benjamin Goldstein, M.D., Ph.D. Dr. Goldstein received grant or research support from the Brain and Behavior Research Foundation, Brain Canada, the Canadian Institutes of Health Research, the Heart & Stroke Foundation, the National Institute of Mental Health, the Ontario Ministry of Research & Innovation, and the University of Toronto Department of Psychiatry.
Jennifer L. Hughes, Ph.D., M.P.H. Dr. Hughes receives royalties from Guilford Press for the following book: Kennard BD, Hughes JL, Foxwell AF: CBT for Depression in Children and Adolescents: A Guide to Relapse Prevention. New York, Guilford Press, 2016. Research studies that contributed to the development of this treatment (and subsequent book) are presented in Chapter 27 of the Textbook, and this book is cited.
Ronald C. Kessler, Ph.D. In the past 3 years, Dr. Kessler received support for his epidemiological studies from Sanofi Aventis; was a consultant for Johnson & Johnson Wellness and Prevention, Sage Pharmaceuticals, Shire, and Takeda; and served on an advisory board for the Johnson & Johnson Services Inc. Lake Nona Life Project. Dr. Kessler is a co-owner of DataStat Inc., a market research firm that carries out healthcare research.
Brandon M. Kitay, M.D., Ph.D. In the last 12 months, Dr. Kitay has provided consulting services to Janssen Pharmaceuticals and has also received salary support from Janssen Pharmaceuticals and Sage Therapeutics for the conduct of research administered through Yale University and the Yale Depression Research Program. In addition, Dr. Kitay’s employer, Yale University, has a financial relationship with Janssen Pharmaceuticals, and may in the future receive financial benefits from this relationship. The University has put multiple measures in place to mitigate this institutional conflict of interest. Questions about the details of these measures should be directed to Yale University’s Conflict of Interest office.
Matthew Macaluso, D.O., DFAPA Dr. Macaluso has conducted clinical trials research as principal investigator for the following pharmaceutical companies over the last 12 months: Acadia, Allergan, AssureRx, Eisai, Lundbeck, Janssen, Naurex/Aptinyx, Neurim, and Suven. All clinical trial and study contracts were with and payments made to the Kansas University Medical Center Research Institute, a research institute affiliated with Kansas University School of Medicine–Wichita (KUSM-W).
J. John Mann, M.D. Dr. Mann receives royalties from the Research Foundation for Mental Hygiene for commercial use of the Columbia–Suicide Severity Rating Scale (C-SSRS).
John C. Markowitz, M.D. Dr. Markowitz receives minor royalties for books related to interpersonal psychotherapy from American Psychiatric Association Publishing, Basic Books, and Oxford University Press.
William V. McCall, M.D., M.S. Research Support: Merck, MECTA, and Vistagen; Scientific Advisory Board: Jazz Pharmaceuticals and Sage Therapeutics; Royalties: Wolters Kluwer Publishing; Speakers Bureau: CME Outfitters; Consultant: Anthem Insurance.
William McDonald, M.D. Dr. McDonald has research contracts from the Stanley Foundation, Soterix, Neuronetics, NeoSync, and Cervel Neurotherapeutics. He is an ad hoc member of several National Institute of Mental Health and National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke study sections. He is a member of the American Psychiatric Association Council on Research and Quality representing Electroconvulsive and Neuromodulation Therapies. Dr. McDonald is compensated as the chair of the Data and Safety Monitoring Board for the National Institute on Aging multicenter study. He receives royalties from Oxford University Press from co-editing a book on the Clinical Guide to Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in the Treatment of Depression. He is a paid consultant for Signant Health. He holds an endowed chair funded by the JB Fuqua Foundation. He is an employee of Emory University School of Medicine.
David J. Miklowitz, Ph.D. Dr. Miklowitz has received research funding from the National Institute of Mental Health (grants MH093676, MH097007, and MH117200) and from the Deutsch and Kayne Family Foundations, AIM for Mental Health, the Attias Foundation, the Danny Alberts Foundation, and the Max Gray Foundation.
Charles B. Nemeroff, M.D., Ph.D. Research Grants: National Institutes of Health (NIH), Stanley Medical Research Institute; Consultant: Bracket (Clintara), Fortress Biotech, Gerson Lehrman Group (GLG) Healthcare and Biomedical Council, Janssen Research and Development LLC, Magstim Inc, Prismic Pharmaceuticals, Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma, Sunovion Pharmaceuticals Inc, Taisho Pharmaceutical Inc, Takeda, Total Pain Solutions (TPS), and Xhale; Stock Holdings: Abbvie, OPKO Health Inc, Antares, Bracket Intermediate Holding Corp, Celgene, Network Life Sciences Inc, Seattle Genetics, and Xhale; Scientific Advisory Board: American Foundation for Suicide Prevention (AFSP), Anxiety Disorders Association of America (ADAA), Bracket (Clintara), Brain and Behavior Research Foundation (BBRF) (formerly named National Alliance for Research on Schizophrenia and Depression [NARSAD]), Laureate Institute for Brain Research Inc, RiverMend Health LLC, Skyland Trail, and Xhale; Board of Directors: ADAA, AFSP, and Gratitude America; Income or Equity ($10,000 or more): American Psychiatric Publishing, Bracket (Clintara), CME Outfitters, Takeda, and Xhale; Patents: U.S. 6,375,990B1 (method and devices for transdermal delivery of lithium) and U.S. 7,148,027B2 (method of assessing antidepressant drug therapy via transport inhibition of monoamine neurotransmitters by ex vivo assay).
D. Jeffrey Newport, M.D., M.S. Dr. Newport has received research support from Eli Lilly, Glaxo Smith Kline (GSK), Janssen, the National Alliance for Research on Schizophrenia and Depression, the National Institutes of Health, Takeda Pharmaceuticals, and Wyeth. He has served on speakers' bureaus and/or received honoraria from AstraZeneca, Eli Lilly, GSK, Pfizer, and Wyeth. He has served on advisory boards for GSK, Janssen, and Sage Therapeutics. He has never served as a consultant to any biomedical or pharmaceutical corporations. Neither he nor his family members have ever held equity positions in biomedical or pharmaceutical corporations.
Andrew A. Nierenberg, M.D. Consulting: Acadia Pharm, Eisai, Ginger, Merck, Myriad, and Protogenics; Scientific Advisory Board: Alkermes, Jazz Pharma, Neuronetics, Otsuka, and Sage Pharma; Honoraria: Sunovion and Neurostar.
Edward Nunes, M.D. Dr. Nunes has received grant funding from the National Institute on Drug Abuse and the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism.
Carmine Pariante, M.D., Ph.D., FRCPsych Prof. Pariante has received research funding from Johnson & Johnson as part of a program of research on depression and inflammation, and research funding from the Medical Research Council (U.K.) and the Wellcome Trust for research on depression and inflammation as part of two large consortia that also include Johnson & Johnson, Glaxo Smith Kline, and H. Lundbeck.
Gerard Sanacora, M.D., Ph.D. In the last 12 months Dr. Sanacora has provided consulting services to Allergan, Axsome Therapeutics, Biohaven Pharmaceuticals, Boehringer Ingelheim International, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Celexio Biosciences, EMA Wellness, Epiodyne, Intra-Cellular Therapies, Janssen, Lundbeck, Minerva Pharmaceuticals, Navitor Pharmaceuticals, Neurocrine Biosciences, NeuroRx, Noven Pharmaceuticals, Otsuka, Perception Neuroscience, Praxis, Seelos Pharmaceuticals, and Vistagen Therapeutics. He has received funds for contracted research from Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Merck, and Usona Institute. He is holds equity in Biohaven Pharmaceuticals and has received royalties from Yale University paid from patent licenses with Biohaven Pharmaceuticals. In addition, he holds shares in Biohaven Pharmaceuticals Holding Company and is a co-inventor on a patent, “Glutamate agents in the treatment of mental disorders” (Patent number: 8778979), and a U.S. Provisional Patent Application (No. 047162-7177P1 [00754]) filed on August 20, 2018, by Yale University Office of Cooperative Research (OCR 7451 US01). Dr. Sanacora’s employer, Yale University, has a financial relationship with Janssen Pharmaceuticals, and may in the future receive financial benefits from this relationship. The University has put multiple measures in place to mitigate this institutional conflict of interest. Questions about the details of these measures should be directed to Yale University’s Conflict of Interest office.
Richard C. Shelton, M.D. Dr. Shelton’s institution has received grant support from Acadia Pharmaceuticals, Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Alkermes, Allergan, Avanir Pharmaceuticals, Cerecor, Genomind, Intracellular Therapies, Janssen Pharmaceutica, Myriad Genetics, National Institute of Mental Health, Navitor Pharmaceuticals, NeuroRx, Novartis, Otsuka Pharmaceuticals, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute, Sage Therapeutics, and Takeda Pharmaceuticals. Dr. Shelton has served as a consultant to Acadia Pharmaceuticals, Allergan, Cerecor, Janssen Pharmaceutica, MSI Methylation Sciences, Naurex, and Takeda Pharmaceuticals.
Manpreet K. Singh, M.D., M.S. Dr. Singh receives research support from Stanford’s Maternal Child Health Research Institute and Department of Psychiatry, the National Institute of Mental Health, the National Institute on Aging, Johnson & Johnson, Allergan, PCori, and the Brain and Behavior Foundation. She is on the advisory board for Sunovion and is a consultant for Google X and Limbix.
David C. Steffens, M.D., M.H.S. Consultant: Janssen Research and Development.
Michael E. Thase, M.D. Dr. Thase reports the following relationships over the past 3 years: Advisor/Consultant: Acadia, Akili, Alkermes, Allergan (Forest, Naurex), Axsome Therapeutics, Boehringer-Ingelheim, Calla, Clexio Biosciences, H. Lundbeck, Jazz Pharmaceuticals, Janssen (Johnson & Johnson), Otsuka, Perception Neuroscience, Sage Therapeutics, Seelos Pharmaceuticals, and Takeda; Grant Support: Acadia, Allergan (Forest, Naurex), Axsome Therapeutics, Intracellular, Janssen Pharmaceutica (Johnson & Johnson), Myriad (Assurex), Otsuka, and Takeda; Royalties: American Psychiatric Association Publishing, Guilford Publications, Herald House, and W.W. Norton. Spouse’s Employment: Peloton Advantage, which does business with a number of pharmaceutical companies. Disclosure of Intellectual Conflicts of Interest (all prior to 2012): paid consultant to Depression Guideline Panel, Agency for Health Care Policy and Research; unpaid consultant to Canadian Mood and Anxiety Treatment Guidelines (1st & 2nd Editions) and American Psychiatric Association (DSM-III-R, DSM-IV, and DSM-5); unpaid Work Group member, American Psychiatric Association Practice Guideline for Treatment of Patients With Bipolar Disorder (2nd Edition and, from 2006–2010, work in preparation of 3rd Edition) and American Psychiatric Association Practice Guideline for Treatment of Patients with Major Depressive Disorder (3rd Edition).
Martha C. Tompson, Ph.D. Dr. Tompson received research support from the National Institute of Mental Health, the Patient Centered Outcomes Research Institute, and the Smith Family Foundation; book royalties from Guilford Press and BVT Publishing; and honoraria from the American Psychological Association.
Lakshmi N. Yatham, M.B.B.S., FRCPC Dr. Yatham has received research grants from or has been a consultant or on speaker / advisory boards for Allergan, AstraZeneca, Alkermes, Bristol Myers Squibb, Canadian Institutes of Health Research, Canadian Network for Mood and Anxiety Treatments, Dainippon Sumitomo, Eli Lilly, Forrest, Glaxo Smith Kline, Janssen, Lundbeck, Michael Smith Foundation for Health Research, Novartis, Otsuka, Pfizer, Ranbaxy, Servier, Sunovion, Teva, the Stanley Foundation, and Valeant Pharmaceuticals.
The following contributors stated that they had no competing interests during the year preceding manuscript submission:
Jorge Renner Cardoso de Almeida, M.D., Ph.D.; Yuanhan Bai, M.D., M.S.; Michelle A. Bertocci, Ph.D.; Joseph R. Calabrese, M.D.; Frances A. Champagne, Ph.D.; Adora Choquette, B.A.; Samuel J. Collier, M.D.; William Coryell, M.D.; Adel Farah, M.D., M.Sc.; Andrew A. Fukuda, M.D., Ph.D.; Keming Gao, M.D., Ph.D.; Ana Gomez-Carrillo, M.D.; Ilang M. Guiroy, M.D.; G. Eric Jarvis, M.D., M.Sc.; Brian C. Kavanaugh, Psy.D.; Laurence J. Kirmayer, M.D.; Teresa Lanza di Scalea, M.D., Ph.D.; David A. Lewis, M.D.; Elizabeth T. C. Lippard, Ph.D.; Dean F. MacKinnon, M.D.; Melissa P. H. Miller, M.Sc.; Trevor Mooney, M.D.; Alison Myoraku, M.S.; Maria Antoinetta Nettis, M.D., Ph.D.; Lisa O’Donnell, Ph.D.; Dan A. Oren, M.D.; Vanessa Padilla, M.D.; Brenda W. J. H. Penninx, M.D., Ph.D.; Grazyna Rajkowska, Ph.D.; Mina M. Rizk, M.B.B.Ch., M.Sc.; Mitchell Rovner, M.D.; James K. Rustad, M.D.; Marianne Seney, Ph.D.; Luca Sforzini, M.D.; Marisa Toups, M.D.; Philip S. Wang, M.D., Dr.P.H.; Daniel R. Wilson, M.D., Ph.D.; Hans-Ulrich Wittchen, Ph.D.; Tyler Wright, M.D., M.P.H.; Zhixing Yao, M.D.; Shiwen Yuan, M.D.; Kristina F. Zdanys, M.D.; Hannah N. Ziobrowski, Ph.D., M.P.H.

Acknowledgments

Dr. Nemeroff would like to acknowledge Kelly Puzdrak for getting this volume put together and for everything else as well.
Dr. Rasgon would like to acknowledge Alison Myoraku, M.S., for her contributions.
Dr. Schatzberg would like to acknowledge Adrienne Bronfeld for her contributions.
Dr. Strakowski would like to acknowledge Chiara Onyett and Alison Barajas for their contributions.

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Go to The American Psychiatric Association Publishing Textbook of Mood Disorders
The American Psychiatric Association Publishing Textbook of Mood Disorders
Pages: i - xxvii

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Published in print: 16 June 2022
Published online: 5 December 2024
© American Psychiatric Association Publishing

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