Index

Academic-public partnerships,

187–190

Accumulation, squalor and,

235, 236

Acquisition

of animals,

217

assessment of,

64

as comorbidity of hoarding disorder,

41

denial of excessive,

34

excessive,

41, 104, 130

of free things,

34, 56, 103

of possessions,

32, 33

strength of the urge to acquire,

130

triggers,

130

Activities of Daily Living—Hoarding Scale (ADL-H),

49, 52, 134, 169, 184

sample of,

293–294

ADHD

as comorbidity of hoarding disorder,

38–39

comorbidity with hoarding disorder,

132

hoarding and,

93–94

ADL-H

.See Activities of Daily Living—Hoarding Scale Adolescents, hoarding in,15–16

Adult Protective Services (APS),

167–168, 170, 185–186

Age

.See Adolescents; Children; Elders

Alighieri, Dante,

4

Amphetamine salts,

154

Animal hoarding

breeders and,

222

case example of,

223

criminal proceedings with,

219

criminal prosecution for animal abuse,

225

culture and,

220

definition of,

215–216

demographics and course of,

220–221

DSM-5 and,

216–218, 228

etiology,

222–224

exploiters,

222, 228

features of hoarding behaviors,

118–119, 120, 218–220

interventions,

225–227

mouse models,

260

overview,

215–216

parasitic infection as conduit for,

224

recognition of,

226–227

rescuers,

221–222, 224, 228

subtypes,

221–222, 228

translational animal models,

119

types of animals,

220

Anorgasmia,

158

Anosognosia,

70–76, 71

Anthropomorphism Questionnaire (AQ),

60–61

Antisocial personality disorder, with animal hoarding,

222

APS

.See Adult Protective Services

AQ

.See Anthropomorphism Questionnaire Aristotle,3, 8

Atomoxetine, for treatment of hoarding disorder,

153

Attachments

animal hoarding and,

223–224

deficits and,

92–93

to possessions,

57–58, 257–258

Augmentation treatments, for treatment of hoarding disorder,

154

Australian Twin Registry,

15

Avaricious Man,

3–4

Avoidance, experiential,

92, 102

Behavior

consequence of,

193

features of animal and human hoarding behaviors,

118–119

hoarding,

182

hoarding behaviors attributable to another medical condition vs. hoarding disorder,

112–113

BIT

.See Buried in Treasures (BIT) Workshop

“Black box” warning,

159

Bleak House,

4

Board of Health,

183, 191

Boston University School for Social Work,

189

Bulimia, as comorbidity of hoarding disorder,

39

Buried in Treasures (BIT) Workshop,

133–134, 143, 188, 189

CAS

.See Compulsive Acquisition Scale

Case examples

of animal hoarding,

223

of community approach to hoarding,

191–192

of comorbid hoarding disorder and inattention,

159–160

of comorbid hoarding disorder and mild major depression,

156–157

of comorbid hoarding disorder and severe major depression,

157–159

of fluoxetine,

158

of harm reduction,

172–176

of hoarding,

61–62

of methylphenidate extended-release,

159–160

of paroxetine,

156–157

of squalor,

241–246

of venlafaxine,

158

CAS-Free

.See Compulsive Acquisition Scale—Free

Categorization, difficulties with,

94–95

CBM-I

.See Cognitive bias modification of interpretation

CBT

.See Cognitive-behavioral therapy, for hoarding

CFT

.See Compassion-focused therapy

CGI

.See Clinical Global Impression—Improvement scale

CGI-I

.See Clinical Global Impression—Improvement scale; Clinical Global Impression Severity of Illness

Child Protection Services,

167–168, 185–186

Children

hoarding in,

15–16, 255

assessment,

56

guardian ad litem for,

185

pets and,

223

Children’s Saving Inventory (CSI),

52, 56, 255

Chronic disorganization, definition of,

186

CIR

.See Clutter Image Rating

City of Vancouver Hoarding Action Response Team (HART),

185

Clinical Global Impression—Improvement (CGI-I) scale,

152

Clinical Global Impression (CGI) Severity of Illness,

135–136

Clutter

.See also Home

severity of,

38

squalor and,

235, 236, 248

“Clutter blindness,”

73–74, 95

Clutter Image Rating (CIR),

48–49, 50, 52, 72–73, 134, 150, 169, 183–184, 188, 190, 242

sample of,

281, 282–284

Clutter Scale from the Saving Inventory—Revised,

48

Cognition

deficits in,

94, 209, 210

Cognitive-behavioral model of hoarding,

90, 257

aesthetics,

101–102

anxiety sensitivity and,

91

comfort and safety,

99

contributing factors,

104

features of,

91

impulsivity and,

92

information processing deficits,

91, 93–96, 104, 120

opportunity and identity,

96–99

overview,

89

possessions, meaning of,

91, 96, 104

reinforcement patterns,

91, 102–103

responsibility,

99–101

vulnerabilities to development of,

89–93, 91, 104,

Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), for hoarding,

259, 262.See also Pharmacotherapy, for treatment of hoarding disorder

evidence base,

133–136

follow-up findings,

136–137

improvements in,

143

in-home assistance for,

135

overview,

127–133

peer group and,

133, 135

personality variables and,

137

randomized controlled trials and,

133, 143

treatment

difficulty with,

130

goals,

129

inference-based therapy,

139–140

mediators of treatment response,

138

motivational interviewing,

128–129

motivation for,

129–130, 143

predictors of treatment outcome,

137–138

therapeutic promise,

127–128

visualization exercise,

129

variations in and additions to,

138–142

Cognitive bias modification of interpretation (CBM-I),

131

Cognitive Rehabilitation and Exposure/Sorting Therapy (CREST),

132–133, 135

Collecting

vs. hoarding,

9–10, 20

without hoarding,

50

Collyer, Homer,

4–6

Collyer, Langley,

4–6

Collyer Brothers Park,

6

COMMIT,

141

Community partnerships,

190

case example of,

191–192

public health officials,

183

Compassion-focused therapy (CFT),

138

Compensatory cognitive training,

132

Compulsive Acquisition Scale (CAS),

52, 56–57,

Compulsive Acquisition Scale—Free (CAS-Free),

57

Compulsive buying,

34, 254–255

Compulsive Cognitions Working Group,

137

Concept formation, difficulties with,

94–95

Copro-symbols,

8

Critical time intervention (CTI; CTI-HD),

188

CSI

.See Children’s Saving Inventory

CTI

.See Critical time intervention

CTI-HD

.See Critical time intervention

Culture, of hoarding

American,

17

animal hoarding,

220

Asian,

17

Chinese,

17

hoarding and,

16–19

Indian,

17–18

Iranian,

18

Japanese,

17

Latin American,

18

lost objects and,

16–17

Manusians of Papua New Guinea,

16–17

Portuguese-speaking countries,

18

Spanish-speaking countries,

18

Tasaday of the Philippines,

17

television shows about,

19

Turkish,

18

CYP

.See Cytochrome P450 (CYP) isoenzyme system

Cytochrome P450 (CYP) isoenzyme system,

159

Dead Souls,

4

Decision-making, impaired,

95

Dementia

MRI studies in patients with cooccurring OCD, dementia, and other neurological disorders,

113–114

squalor and,

245–246

Depression

case example of comorbid hoarding disorder and mild major depression,

156–157

comorbid hoarding disorder and severe major depression,

157–159

as comorbidity of hoarding disorder,

38

hoarding symptoms and,

16

treatment for,

61–62

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 3rd Edition, Revised (DSM-III-R)

hoarding-like behavior as diagnostic criterion for OCPD in,

28–29

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th Edition, Text Revision (DSM-IV-TR)

hoarding as a form of OCD,

27

hoarding as a form of OCPD,

27

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition (DSM-5)

adoption of hoarding disorder,

3

animal hoarding and,

216–218, 228

definition of definition of hoarding,

254

diagnostic criteria for hoarding,

10, 13–14

diagnostic criteria for hoarding disorder,

30–35

functional MRI studies using DSM-5

hoarding criteria,

116–117

hoarding before,

27–29

hoarding in,

29–35

Dickens, Charles,

4

Difficulty Discarding subscale,

59

Dimensional Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (DY-BOCS),

16

Diogenes syndrome,

203–204

Discarding

avoidance of,

104

as cause of impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning,

32

consequences of difficulty of,

32

criterion,

29

“difficulty” of,

31, 57–58, 130–131

distress associated with,

31

parting with objects,

235

Doyle, Sir Arthur Conan,

4

DSM-III-R. See Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. 3rd Edition, Revised

DSM-IV-TR. See Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th Edition

DSM-5. See Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition

DY-BOCS

.See Dimensional Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale

ECCS

.See Environmental Cleanliness and Clutter Scale

Education

.See also Public-academic partnerships

community partners and,

189

Effexor, for treatment of depression,

61–62

Elders

abuse prevention services,

185

changes in social context of,

202–203

death of spouse,

203

financial stability,

203

functional impairments associated with late-life hoarding,

202–205

hoarding behavior in,

199

hoarding prevalence and severity in,

199–202

interventions for hoarding and,

207–209

medical comorbidities in elders who hoard,

205–207

mobility,

210

prevalence in,

210

psychiatric comorbidity and associated features of late-life hoarding,

207

social isolation,

206

Eliot, George,

4

Emergency medical team,

184–185

Emotions, dysfunctions in regulation of,

90

Environmental Cleanliness and Clutter Scale (ECCS),

57, 240

Essentialism,

96

Eviction,

182, 187

Experiential avoidance,

92, 102

Fair Housing Act,

183

Family

effect of hoarding on,

172–174

hoarding and,

12, 90

FDA

.See U.S. Food and Drug Administration

Fluoxetine, case example of,

158

Fluvoxamine, for treatment of hoarding disorder,

153–154

Freud, Sigmund,

8

Fromm, Erich,

8

Furby, Lita,

7–8

GAD

.See Generalized anxiety disorder

Gambling, as comorbidity of hoarding disorder,

39

GATS

.See Graves Anthropomorphism Task Scale

Gender, hoarding disorder and,

37

Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), as comorbidity of hoarding disorder,

39

Genetics,

109–112

Gogol, Nikolai,

4

“Good home syndrome,”

101

Graves Anthropomorphism Task Scale (GATS),

61

guardian ad litem,

185

HARC

.See Hoarding of Animals Research Consortium

Harm reduction

case examples of,

172–176

description of,

176

features of the process

assessment,

169–170

engagement,

168–169

harm reduction plan,

170–171

harm reduction team,

170, 176

initiation,

167–168

maintenance, home visits, and agreement failures,

171–172

goals,

165, 176

model,

166–167

overview,

165–166

personal safety,

169–170

phases of,

167, 176

principles,

166–167, 168–169

HART

.See City of Vancouver Hoarding Action Response Team

HAS

.See Hoarding Assessment Scale

HD-D

.See Hoarding Disorder—Dimensional Scale Health.See also Medical conditions; Mental illness

hoarding and,

11

Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA),

170

HEI

.See Home Environment Index

HIPAA

.See Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act

Hoarders,

19

Hoarders: Buried Alive,

19

Hoarding

.See also Cognitive-behavioral model of hoarding; Cognitive-behavioral therapy; Culture; MRI studies; PET studies

ADHD and,

93–94

admission of,

76–77, 82

anal fixation and,

8

assessment

Activities of Daily Living—Hoarding Scale,

49

Anthropomorphism Questionnaire,

60–61

of attachments to and beliefs about possessions,

57–58

Children’s Saving Inventory,

56

Clutter Image Rating,

48–49, 50

Clutter Rating Scale,

48

Compulsive Acquisition Scale,

56–57

Environmental Cleanliness and Clutter Scale,

57

Graves Anthropomorphism Task Scale,

61

Hoarding Assessment Scale,

56

Hoarding Disorder—Dimensional Scale,

54

Hoarding Rating Scale,

53–54, 55

Home Environment Index,

57

HOMES Multi-disciplinary Hoarding Risk Assessment,

49–50

home visits,

64

informal observations,

47–48

measure of areas of overlap to assess relationship to possessions,

60

Measure of Material Scrupulosity,

59

Object Attachment Scale,

59

overview,

47

Possessions Comfort Scale,

59–60

Possessions in View,

60

protocol,

64

Saving Cognitions Inventory,

58, 59

Saving Inventory—Revised,

52–53, 54

Structured Interview for Hoarding Disorder,

51

of symptom severity,

51, 52, 120

UCLA Hoarding Severity Scale,

55

behavior in minority groups,

18–19

behaviors,

28

case example of,

61–62

characteristics of,

80–81

in childhood and adolescence,

15–16

vs. collecting,

9–10, 20

comorbidities with,

11, 38–40, 90, 239

comparison of phenomenological features and squalor,

234–239, 236

“compulsions,”

13

consequences of,

71

course of,

35–37

demographics,

37–38

depression and,

16

before DSM-5,

27–29

in DSM-5,

29–35

DSM diagnostic criteria for,

10, 13–14

early measures of,

61

examples of,

4–7

in families,

90

family and,

12, 172–174

features of animal and human hoarding behaviors,

118–119

finance management and,

11

financial costs of,

11–12

health and,

11

history of,

3–7

hoarding-like behavior as diagnostic criterion for OCPD in DSM-III-R,

28

description of,

28

hoarding-like behaviors in other disorders,

40–41

of inanimate objects,

256

interference of life and,

10–11

involvement of legal system in,

182–184

isolation and,

38

language and,

78–79

as life-threatening,

10

in literature,

4, 20

in mental health,

7

mental illness and,

193

neural correlates of,

28

obesity and,

90

onset of,

35–37, 41

“orientation,”

8

ownership and,

8

as ownership of objects,

7–8

perfectionism and,

77–78, 92

in popular media,

4–5

prevalence of,

12–16, 20, 53, 255

among older adults,

200–201

epidemiological studies,

13–16

public-academic partnerships,

187–190

public attention to,

181

quality of life and,

11

range of,

20

reinforcement of,

258

rejecting attitudes toward people with,

78

responsibility of,

99–100

screening,

39

self-identified,

35–36

severity of,

10–12, 97, 255

life events and,

36

social aspects of,

81

squalor measures,

57

stigma of,

82

symptoms of,

7, 20, 51, 52, 81

changes in,

143

in the elderly,

210

trauma and,

36

time of onset and course of symptoms,

237–238

trauma and,

36–37

in twins,

14, 200

violence and,

36–37

Hoarding Assessment Scale (HAS),

52, 56

Hoarding disorder

.See also Obsessive-compulsive disorder; Pharmacotherapy, for treatment of hoarding disorder

admission vs. recognition of,

76–79

assessment phase,

128

case studies

of comorbid hoarding disorder and inattention,

159–160

of comorbid hoarding disorder and mild major depression,

156–157

of comorbid hoarding disorder and severe major depression,

157–159

community and,

179–180

comorbidities with,

41, 132

ADHD,

132

demographics of,

10, 37–38

description in ICD-11,

29–30

description of,

138

diagnosis of,

18, 216–217

DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for,

30–35, 254

future directions of,

253–261

harm reduction and,

176

ideation, overvaluation of,

79–82

included in DSM-5,

3

included in ICD-11,

3

insight into,

70–76, 71

MRI studies in patients with hoarding disorder,

114

neuroimaging and,

260

phenomenological differences between other mental disorders and,

109, 254

poor problem recognition of,

70–76, 71

self-identity and,

140

support group,

141

symptoms of,

35, 41

treatment for,

62–64, 65, 193

contingency management,

260

motivation,

80–81

overview,

69

Hoarding Disorder—Dimensional Scale (HD-D),

54

Hoarding of Animals Research Consortium (HARC),

215–216

Hoarding Rating Scale (HRS),

14–15, 16, 48, 52, 53–54, 55, 134, 150, 200,

sample of,

289–292

Hoarding Rating Scale—Interview (HRS-I),

53–54, 156

Hoarding Referral Sheet,

184

Hoarding task force intervention model,

180–181

Home

.See also Clutter

age-related changes in,

203

in-home assistance,

141

level of clutter in,

72, 73

professional organizers in work and home,

186–187

squalor in,

236, 237

unsanitary,

204

visits,

64, 72, 141, 170, 171–172

Home Environment Index (HEI),

57, 169, 184, 240

Homelessness,

182

HOMES (Health Obstacles Mental Health, Endangerment, and Structure & Safety) Multi-disciplinary Hoarding Risk Assessment,

49–50, 52

HOMES Multi-disciplinary Hoarding Risk Assessment,

169

HRS

.See Hoarding Rating Scale

HRS-I

.See Hoarding Rating Scale Interview HRS-Self-Report,15

Humane Care for Animals Act,

225

IBT

.See Inference-based therapy

ICD

.See Institute for Challenging Disorganization

ICD-11. See International Classification of Diseases, 11th Revision

ICD Clutter-Hoarding Scale,

184

Ideation

of hoarding,

79–82

of OCD,

79–80

Identity,

96–97

Impulsivity,

92

Inference-based therapy (IBT),

139–140

The Inferno,

4

Information processing

deficits,

91, 93–96, 104, 120, 257

Inspections Hoarding Referral Tool,

184

Institute for Challenging Disorganization (ICD),

184

International Classification of Diseases, 11th Revision (ICD-11)

.See also World Health Organization

description of hoarding disorder,

29–30

included in,

3

International OCD Foundation (IOCD),

150

IOCD

.See International OCD Foundation

Isolation, hoarding and,

38

James, William,

8

Jones, Ernest,

8

Language, of hoarding,

78–79

Legal system

.See also Adult Protective Services; Child Protection Services

criminal proceedings for animal hoarding,

219

criminal prosecution for animal abuse,

225

Guardian ad litem,

185

involvement in hoarding cases,

182–184

private property,

183

Legislation

Fair Housing Act,

183

Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act,

170

Humane Care for Animals Act,

225

A Life of Grime,

6

London Field Trial for Hoarding Disorder,

72

Major depressive disorder (MDD), as comorbidity of hoarding disorder,

38

“Material scrupulosity,”

100–101

MCHEC

.See Montreal Compulsive Hoarding Enlarged Committee

MCMI-III

.See Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory—III

MDD

.See Major depressive disorder

Measure of Material Scrupososity (MOMS),

59

Medical conditions

.See also Mental illness

dementia and squalor,

245–246

hoarding behaviors attributable to another medical condition vs. hoarding disorder,

112–113, 120

medical comorbidities in elders who hoard,

205–207

neurological injury and squalor,

244–245

Medication

.See also Pharmacotherapy, for treatment of hoarding disorder drug-drug interactions,161

side effects of,

155, 161

Memory

difficulties with,

94

triggers for,

98

Men, hoarding disorder in,

37, 41

Mental illness

.See also Health

hoarding behavior and,

193

psychiatric comorbidity and associated features of late-life hoarding,

207

Methylphenidate extended-release

case example of,

159–160

for treatment of hoarding disorder,

153

Metropolitan Boston Housing Partnership,

189

Metropolitan Fire Brigade study,

10, 11

Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory—III (MCMI-III),

40

Minocycline,

154

Models

.See also Cognitive-behavioral model of hoarding

cognitive-behavioral model of hoarding,

257

of harm reduction,

166–167

HART’s model of community-based intervention,

185, 193

hoarding task force intervention model,

180–181

mouse models of hoarding behaviors,

260

of rodents hoarding,

118–119, 120

translational animal models,

119

MOMS

.See Measure of Material Scrupulosity

Montreal Compulsive Hoarding Enlarged Committee (MCHEC),

190

Motivational interviewing,

128–129, 168–169

MRI studies

functional MRI studies using DSM-5 hoarding criteria,

116–117, 120

in patients with co-occurring OCD, dementia, and other neurological disorders,

113–114

in patients with hoarding disorder,

114

PET and MRI studies in OCD patients with and without hoarding symptoms,

114–115

Museum of Modern Art,

7

NAPO

.See National Association of Productivity and Organizing Professionals

National Association of Productivity and Organizing Professionals (NAPO),

186

National Comorbidity Survey Replication,

13, 205

National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol Related Conditions,

13

Netherlands Twin Registry,

15, 200

Neurobiology

classification of hoarding disorder and,

120

features of animal and human hoarding behaviors,

118–119

functional neuroanatomy,

114–117, 120

functional MRI studies using DSM-5

hoarding criteria,

116–117

PET and MRI studies in OCD patients with and without hoarding symptoms,

114–115

genetics,

109–112

hoarding behaviors attributable to another medical condition vs. hoarding disorder,

112–113

neuropsychological studies,

117–118

phenomenological differences between hoarding disorder and other mental disorders,

109

structural abnormalities,

113–114

MRI studies in patients with cooccurring OCD, dementia, and other neurological disorders,

113–114

MRI studies in patients with hoarding disorder,

114

translational animal models,

119

Neuroimaging,

260

Neuropsychological studies,

117–118

New York Daily News,

6

New York State Office of Mental Health (OMH) Policy Scholars program,

187–188

Notice to Cure,

174

OAS

.See Object Attachment Scale

Obesity, hoarding and,

90, 205

Object Attachment Scale (OAS),

59

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD),

3, 10.See also Hoarding disorder

as comorbidity of hoarding disorder,

39–40

in DSM-IV-TR,

27

hoarding-like behavior with,

40–41

MRI studies in patients with co-occurring OCD, dementia, and other neurological disorders,

113–114

overvalued ideation in,

79–80

PET and MRI studies in OCD patients with and without hoarding symptoms,

114–115

Obsessive-compulsive personality disorder (OCPD),

3, 8

criterion,

13

in DSM-IV-TR,

27

hoarding-like behavior as diagnostic criterion in DSM-III-R,

28

OCD

.See Obsessive-compulsive disorder

OCPD

.See Obsessive-compulsive personality disorder

OMH

.See New York State Office of Mental Health Policy Scholars program

Organization

grouping “like with like,”

95

professional organizers,

186–187

skills for decluttering,

131–132

Ownership

definition of,

8

hoarding and,

8

“The Palace of Junk,”

6

Paroxetine

case example of,

156–157

for treatment of hoarding disorder,

151–152

PCS

.See Possessions Comfort Scale

Penurious Man,

3–4

Perfectionism,

143, 258

dimension of,

95–96

hoarding and,

77–78, 92

squalor and,

244

Personality disorders, as comorbidity of hoarding disorder,

40

PET studies, PET and MRI studies in OCD patients with and without hoarding symptoms,

114–115

Pharmacodynamics

description of,

156

studies with psychopharmacology,

161

Pharmacokinetics, description of,

155–156

Pharmacotherapy, for treatment of hoarding disorder,

259, 262.See also Case examples; Cognitive-behavioral therapy, for hoarding; Medication

atomoxetine,

153

augmentation treatments,

154

efficacy studies,

151–155

fluvoxamine,

153–154

interactions with other drugs and warnings,

155–156

management of side effects,

155

methylphenidate extended-release,

153

overview,

149

paroxetine,

151–152

risperidone,

154

shared decision-making,

161

strength of evidence,

154–155

treatment goals,

150

venlafaxine extended-release,

152

Phobias, “mirror image” of,

18

PIV

.See Possessions in View

Plato,

8

Possessions

acquisition of,

32, 33

attachments to,

57–58

beliefs about,

57–58

“churning” through,

93

decisions to save,

28

emotional attachment to,

139

insight into value of,

80

meaning of,

91, 96, 104

measure of areas of overlap to assess relationship to possessions,

60

motives to save,

58, 64

overvalued ideas about,

82

Possessions Comfort Scale (PCS),

59–60

Possessions in View (PIV),

60

Prader-Willi syndrome,

32–33, 255

Private property,

183

Proust, Marcel,

98

“Proust effect,”

98

Public-academic partnerships,

187–190

Public health officials,

183

“A Putative Link Between Compulsive Hoarding and Homelessness: A Pilot Study,”

182

Quality of life, hoarding and,

11

Randomized controlled trials (RCTs), for CBT,

133, 143

RCTs

.See Randomized controlled trials

Receiver operating characteristic (ROC),

54, 54

Risperidone, for treatment of hoarding disorder,

154

ROC

.See Receiver operating characteristic

Rodents, hoarding in,

118–119, 120

Safety

.See also Harm reduction; Squalor

emergency medical team,

184–185

fire response,

184–185

personal,

169–170, 193

personnel,

184–185

risks,

193

Salvation Army,

182

Sartre, Jean-Paul,

8

Saving Cognitions Inventory (SCI),

58, 59

Saving Inventory—Revised (SI-R),

14, 16, 39, 52, 52–53, 54, 64, 131, 134, 150, 188, 242

sample of,

285–288

SCI

.See Saving Cognitions Inventory

Self

ambivalence about,

92–93

“authentic,”

140

future of,

97–98, 103

identity and,

140

neglect,

204, 236, 246

“ought self,”

140

personal hygiene,

248

“possible future self,”

140

Serotonin reuptake inhibitors, abrupt discontinuation of,

161

Sherlock Holmes stories,

4

SIHD

.See Structured Interview for Hoarding Disorder

Silas Marner,

4

SI-R

.See Saving Inventory—Revised

SMART (specific, measurable, attainable, relevant, and time-bound) goals,

171

Song Dong,

6–7, 17

Soteria,

99

“Soteric neurosis,”

99

Squalor,

184, 204.See also Safety

accumulated objects and,

235, 236

from animal hoarding,

228

assessment measures,

57

case examples of,

241–246

characterization of,

248

clutter and,

235, 236, 248

comparison of phenomenological features of hoarding and,

234–239, 236

dementia and,

245–246

diagnostic considerations,

238–239

etiology,

247

executive dysfunction and,

239

food and,

247

functional impairment in work, family, and/or social domains,

236

health and safety risks,

256–257

history of,

234

intervention and recovery,

240–241

neurological injury and,

244–245

olfaction and,

247

overview,

233–234

parting with objects,

235

Structured Interview for Hoarding Disorder (SIHD),

14, 51, 64

sample of,

267–279

Study of the Epidemiology of Mental Disorders,

13

Tenancy Preservation Program,

189

Theophrastus,

3

Toxoplasma gondii,

224, 247

Trauma, hoarding and,

36–37

Trebus, Edmund,

6–7

Twins,

14, 200

hoarding in,

14

UCLA Hoarding Severity Scale (UHSS),

52, 55, 136, 152

UHSS

.See UCLA Hoarding Severity Scale

Uniform Inspection Checklist,

191–192

University of Rhode Island Change Assessment questionnaire,

137

U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), “black box” warning,

159

Vallejo-Nágera, Juan Antonio,

18, 99

Venlafaxine

case example of,

158

management of sexual side effects,

158

for treatment of hoarding disorder,

153

Violence, hoarding and,

36–37

Visualization exercise,

129

Waste, avoidance of,

100–101

Waste Not,

6–7, 17

Western Massachusetts Hoarding Resource Network,

181

WHO

.See World Health Organization

Women, hoarding disorder in,

37, 41

World Health Organization (WHO). See also International Classification of Diseases, 11th Revision

Composite International Diagnostic Interview,

13

World Mental Health Survey Initiative,

94

Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS) checklist,

18, 19, 27, 70

Y-BOCS

.See Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale checklist