Index

Abuse

in children,

2

medical child abuse,

114–115

Academy for Eating Disorders,

155

Addiction psychiatry, harm reduction and,

144

Addington v. Texas,

93

Adolescents

. See also Children

binge eating, purging, and bulimia nervosa in,

111–112

course of anorexia nervosa in,

111

diagnosis of severe eating disorders in,

109–110

family-based treatment for eating disorders,

15, 114

parent–child relationship,

114

rights and ability to refuse care,

113–114

and transitional-age youth,

114

treatment of anorexia nervosa in,

44

treatment of eating disorders in,

112–113

Alcoholism, parental,

2

“Alpha-stim” devices,

125

Americans with Disabilities Act,

130

AN

. See Anorexia nervosa

Animal-assisted therapy, for SEEDs,

130

Anorexia mirabilis, historical perspective of,

3–4

Anorexia nervosa (AN)

. See also Eating disorders; Severe and enduring anorexia nervosa; Severe and enduring eating disorders

binge-purge features of,

12

bone mineral density loss in,

xiv

characterization of,

43, 168

clinical judgment vs. MacCAT-T,

66–67

course of, in children and adolescents,

111

description of,

7

“end-stage”,

166–168

historical perspective of,

9–11

involuntary hospitalization for,

2–43

mental capacity in,

55–56, 65

morbidity and mortality associated with,

xiii–xiv

as motivated behavioral disorder,

43–44

nutrition and,

xiv–xv

pharmacological interventions,

120–122

phases of,

140

recovery from,

112–113

resistance to treatment,

120

as syndrome of self-starvation,

43

talk-based interventions,

44

weight restoration in treatment of,

44–45

Antidepressants, for anorexia nervosa,

120

Antipsychotics, for anorexia nervosa,

120

Anxiety, symptoms in children,

2

ARFID

. See Avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder

Aristotle, ethics and,

xvi

Armodafinil, for binge eating disorder,

124

Armstrong, Paul W.,

173, 175

Australia

civil commitment laws in,

91

medical guardianship in,

83

Western Australian Pregnancy Cohort (Raine) Study,

112

Autonomy, description of,

23

Avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID), historical perspective of,

4, 13–14

Ayahuasca, for bulimia nervosa,

122–123

Baclofen, for bulimia nervosa,

122

Balanchine, George,

5–6

Baxter v. State,

184

BED

. See Binge-eating disorder

Belgian Order of Medicine,

182

Beneficence, description of,

23

Benelux experience,

182–183

Betsi Cadwaladr University Local Health Board vs. Miss W,

177–178

Binge-eating disorder (BED)

in children and adolescents,

111–112

historical perspective of,

12–13

pharmacological interventions for,

123–124

Bipolar disorder,

62

Bishop, Emmett,

xviii

BN

. See Bulimia nervosa

Body mass index (BMI)

fragility of,

143

historical perspective of,

5

Body shape, historical perspective of,

5

Body weight

gain rates,

44–45

preoccupation with,

4–6

restoration in treatment of anorexia nervosa,

44–45

weight expectation reduction,

141–142

Bone disease, medical consequence of eating disorders and,

79

Bone mineral density,

xiv

Brain

. See also Deep brain stimulation; Neurostimulation

anorexia nervosa and,

9

cognitive functioning and,

59

Brickman, Phillip,

144

Brouwers, Aurelia,

186–187

Brown, Helen Gurley,

5

Bruch, Hilde,

9–10

Bulimia nervosa (BN)

. See also Eating disorders

in children and adolescents,

111–112

historical perspective of,

11–12

informal coercion of treatment for,

46

monotherapy for,

12

morbidity and mortality associated with,

xiii–xiv

pharmacological interventions for,

122–123

Pseudo-Bartter syndrome and,

xv

Canada

civil commitment laws in,

91

physician-assisted death in,

184

Cannabis, for anorexia nervosa,

121–122

Cannabis hyperemesis syndrome,

122

Capacity

definition of,

81

description of,

188

PAD and,

188–189

palliative care evaluation,

157–158

Cardiac disorders,

76–77

Case law

Addington v. Texas,

93

Baxter v. State,

184

Betsi Cadwaladr University Local Health Board vs. Miss W,

177–178

In the interest of D.C.W.,

104–105

Local Authority vs. E and Others,

175–177

In the Matter of A.G.,

172–174

In the matter of Joanne Kolodrubetz,

100–101

In the matter of Molly Kellor,

101–102

In the Matter of S.A.,

174–175

NHS Foundation Trust v. Ms. X,

178

People of the State of Colorado in the interest of P.S.,

103

People v. Medina,

103

In re Judicial Commitment of W.R.,

102

In re P.A.,

103–104

In re S.A.M.,

102–103

Category error, description of,

169–170

Catholic Brothers of Charity,

183

CBT

. See Cognitive-behavioral therapy

Centre County Court of Common Pleas,

104–105

C-14 Medical Aid in Dying (MAID) law,

184

Character, description of,

26. See also Narrative ethics

Children

. See also Adolescents

abuse in,

2

anxiety symptoms in,

2

binge eating, purging, and bulimia nervosa in,

111–112

course of anorexia nervosa in,

111

diagnosis of severe eating disorders in,

109–110

family-based treatment for eating disorders,

15, 114

medical child abuse,

114–115

obsessive-compulsive personality traits in,

2

treatment of eating disorders in,

112–113

Chromium, for binge eating disorder,

123

Chronicity, definition of,

140

Civil commitment

. See also Hospitalization

beyond a reasonable doubt,

93

clear and convincing evidence,

93

education of attorneys and fact finders about severity of eating disorders,

98–99

ethical principles of individuals with eating disorders,

95–96

evidentiary standard,

93

evolution of,

89–90

frequency of individuals with eating disorders civilly committed,

96

grave disability,

92–93, 94

hospitalization à la demanded d’un tiers,

90

hospitalization d’office,

90

involuntary use of medications and special procedures,

94–95

legal definition of “dangerousness,”

94

“need for treatment” intervention,

93

overview,

89–90

patients’ outcome,

97

patients’ perspective of,

97–98

preponderance of the evidence,

93

pros and cons in patients with eating disorders,

96–97

reviews and appeals of,

100

state laws and public perception of eating disorders,

98

testimony of family members,

99

in the United States,

92–93

violation of due process and,

102

Clinical ethics, description of,

22

Clinical vignettes

of autonomy vs. paternalism,

160–162

of ethics,

22–23, 29–30, 36–37

Coercion

contingency management interventions and,

46

effect on treatment alliance,

48–49

formal methods of,

47–48

informal methods of,

45–47

medical ethics and,

42–43

objective,

41–42

perceived,

41–42, 81

in treatment,

41–42

weight restoration in treatment of anorexia nervosa,

44–45

Cognition

impairments in,

31

mental capacity and,

65

of patients,

30

somatic markers and,

65

Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT)

for anorexia nervosa,

10

for SEED/SEAN,

141

Cognitive remediation therapy, for SEEDs,

129

Commonwealth of Nations, civil commitment laws in,

91, 92

Community, obligations of,

34–36

Competence

definition of,

55–56

as legal term,

81

Confidentiality, limitations of,

113–114

Consent,

113–114, 173–174

Countertransference, palliative care and,

159

Crisp, Arthur,

9–10

CRPD

. See U.N. Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities

Culture, influence on body weight,

5–6

Cyclic vomiting syndrome,

121–122

“Dangerousness,” legal definition of,

94

DBS

. See Deep brain stimulation

Death with Dignity Act,

184

Decisional capacity,

28, 30–34

assessment of,

31–32

Deep brain stimulation (DBS), for SEEDs,

126. See also Brain

Dehydroepiandrosterone, for anorexia nervosa,

121

Delirium, palliative care and,

158

Deontology, moral theories of,

23–24

Dermatological disorders, with eating disorders,

76

Disability

definition of,

84

grave,

92–93

DSM-5, mental capacity in moderately ill patients and,

64

Due process, violation of,

102

Dutch Voluntary Euthanasia Society,

183

Eating Disorder Examination score,

58

Eating disorders (EDs)

. See also Anorexia nervosa; Bulimia nervosa; Severe and enduring eating disorders

age of onset,

16

assessment of mental capacity in patients with,

59–62

cardiac manifestations,

76–77

care provision,

34–35

challenges in patients,

65–68

civil commitment in,

95–97

clinical outcomes and,

33

decisional capacity in severe eating disorders,

28, 30–34

diagnosis in children and adolescents,

109–110

“disease staging,”

16

education of attorneys and fact finders about severity of eating disorders,

98–99

ethical decisional capacity in,

30–34

evolution of treatment programs in,

6–7

family-based treatment for children and adolescents,

15

futility and,

165–166, 168–170, 172–178

historical perspective of,

1–6

“lumpers” and “splitters,”

12

malnutrition and,

14–15, 78

medical consequences of,

76–80

bone disease,

79

changes in head, ears, eyes, nose, and throat,

76

dermatological changes,

76

gastrointestinal complaints,

77

hypoglycemia,

79

hyponatremia,

80

leukopenia,

78

normocytic anemia,

78

Pseudo-Bartter syndrome,

80

pulmonary complications,

77

refeeding syndrome,

79–80

superior mesenteric artery syndrome,

77–78

weakness and deconditioning,

78–79

morbidity and mortality associated with,

xiii–xv, 153

as motivated behavioral disorders,

43–44

palliative care and

advance care planning,

156–157

basic tenets of,

154–155

capacity evaluation,

157–158

choice of autonomy vs. paternalism,

159–160

countertransference and,

159

delirium,

158

individual treatment,

157

morbidity and mortality associated with,

153

overview,

153–154

psychiatrist as advocate,

158–159

role of psychiatry in,

154, 155–156

patient relapse,

34

physician-assisted death,

181–186

capacity and,

188–189

ethics and,

189–190

patient evaluation for,

190–191

purging,

78

state laws and public perception of eating disorders,

98

treatment

in children and adolescents,

112–113

early intervention,

16

evidence-based parameters,

14–16

family-based,

15, 112–113

involuntary justifications for,

28

medical ethics and coercive,

42–43

medical guardianship for compulsory,

75–84

nasogastric tube feeding,

45, 47

relapse prevention,

49

Eating Disorders Examination,

141

Eating Recovery Center (ERC),

xviii–xix

EBW

. See Expected body weight

ECT

. See Electroconvulsive therapy

EDs

. See Eating disorders

Ego-syntonic illness,

140, 145

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)

involuntary use of,

94

for SEEDs,

126–127

Elizabeth of Austria,

5

End of Life Clinic,

187

ERP

. See Exposure and response prevention therapy, for SEEDs

Ethics

. See also Case law

clinical vignette of,

22–23, 29–30, 36–37

coercive treatment and medical,

42–43

concurrent medical and psychiatric challenges of,

26–30

decisional capacity in severe eating disorders,

26–27, 28, 30–34

description of clinical,

22

foundational principles in clinical,

23–26

futility of eating disorders and,

165–166

Hippocratic Oath,

189, 191

physician-assisted death and,

189–190

principles of

in civil commitment of individuals with eating disorders,

95–96

in harm reduction,

146–147

informed consent and,

26–28

involuntary feeding,

32–34

justifications for involuntary treatment,

28

moral dilemmas in care of patients and,

21–22

moral intuition and,

23

narrative,

25–26

obligations to community and licensing boards,

34–36

origin of,

xvi–xvii

overview,

21–22

pluralism of theory of,

26

principle-based approach to,

24

requests for capacity evaluations,

29

role in compelling treatment for patients with SEEDs,

xvii

virtue,

25

European Union, civil commitment laws in,

90, 92

Euthanasia

. See Physician-assisted death

Expected body weight (EBW),

141–142, 143

Exposure and response prevention (ERP) therapy, for SEEDs,

129

Family

. See also Family-based treatment (FBT)

of patient,

61

testimony in civil commitment,

99

Family-based treatment (FBT)

for children and adolescents,

114, 129

for eating disorders,

15, 112–113

Fasting,

3–4

Feasting,

2–3

Fisher Wallace stimulators,

125

“Flapper” fashions,

5

Fluoxetine, for bulimia nervosa,

122

Futility, of eating disorders

decisional capacity to forgo life-sustaining treatment,

170–171

definitions of,

165–166, 174

“end-stage” anorexia

characteristics of,

168

existence of,

166–168

history of,

165–166

physiological,

165

qualitative,

166

quantitative,

165–166

SEEDs and,

168–170

Gastrointestinal disorders, with eating disorders,

77

Gastroparesis, with eating disorders,

77

Germany, civil commitment laws in,

90–91

Ghrelin, for anorexia nervosa,

121

“Gravely disabled” standard,

94

Guardian

. See also Case law

description of,

80

role of,

81–82

Guardianship Act 1987,

83–84

Gull, William,

7, 10

Harm reduction

. See also Mental illness

accommodating distress in ego-syntonic illness,

145

addiction psychiatry and,

144

criteria for use of,

146

description of,

139–141, 142

ethical issues and,

146–147

ethical principles of,

148

examples of approaches to

overview,

141

purging symptoms reduction,

142–143

weight expectation reduction,

141–142

minimization of,

139–140

model,

xix, 139

outcome,

147–148

parallels from other fields,

143–145

patient testimonial about SEED/SEAN,

148–150

rationale for approach to,

145–146

support for,

147

symptom acceptance versus endorsement,

141

The Harvard Chan School of Public Health’s Strategic Training Initiative for the Prevention of Eating Disorders (STRIPED),

35

Hefner, Hugh,

6

Helicobacter pylori,

7

Hepatitis, hypoglycemia and,

82

Hillel,

xvi, xvii

Hippocratic Oath,

189, 191

Hormones, for anorexia nervosa,

121

Hospice care,

154, 158

Hospitalization, involuntary,

42, 47, 90. See also Civil commitment

Hypoglycemia

medical consequence of eating disorders and,

79

starvation hepatitis and,

82

Hyponatremia, medical consequence of eating disorders and,

80

Illness

. See also Mental Illness

psychopathology of eating disorders and comorbid psychiatric conditions,

15–16

sociocultural phenomena versus serious medical illnesses,

1–2

In the interest of D.C.W.,

104–105

In the Matter of A.G.,

172–174

In the matter of Joanne Kolodrubetz,

100–101

In the matter of Molly Kellor,

101–102

In the Matter of S.A.,

174–175

In re P.A.,

103–104

In re S.A.M.,

102–103

Incapacity, legal definition of,

83

Informed consent,

26–28

Institute of Medicine,

27

Interviewing

assessment of mental capacity,

60–62

clinical interview versus quantitative assessment of mental capacity,

62–65

motivational,

49, 130

semistructured,

62

Journal of Ethics in Mental Health,

189

Justice, description of,

24

Kashruth,

4

Kennedy, Jacqueline,

5

Ketamine, for anorexia nervosa,

121

Kevorkian, Jack,

190

Kim, Scott,

189

Lagophthalmos,

76

Lasègue, Charles,

7, 10

Legal issues

. See also Medical guardianship

Benelux experience, with physician-assisted death,

182–183

clinical judgment,

170

due process, violation of,

102

refusal of medical treatment,

173–174

right to consent,

113–114

use of coercion in treatment of psychiatric patients,

42–43

Legislation

Americans with Disabilities Act,

130

C-14 Medical Aid in Dying law,

184

Death with Dignity Act,

184

Guardianship Act 1987,

83–84

Mental Health Act 2007,

83

palliative care,

156–157

Uniform Adult Guardianship and Protective Proceedings Jurisdiction Act,

83

Lemmens, Willem,

189

Leukopenia, with eating disorders,

78

Liraglutide, for binge eating disorder,

123

Lisdexamfetamine, for binge eating disorder,

123

Local Authority vs. E and Others,

175–177

MacArthur Competence Assessment Tool for Treatment (MacCAT-T)

clinical interview vs. quantitative assessment,

62–65

vs. clinical judgment,

66–68

MacCAT-T

. See MacArthur Competence Assessment Tool for Treatment

Maher, John,

189

MAID

. See C-14 Medical Aid in Dying law

Major depressive disorder,

62

Malnutrition

medical consequences of eating disorders and,

78

medical guardianship and,

75

Maudsley Anorexia Nervosa Treatment for Adults,

112–113, 129–130

Maurya, Chandragupta,

3

McHugh, Paul,

190

Medicaid, for eating disorder care,

35

Medical guardianship

in Australia,

83–84

medical consequences of severe eating disorders,

76–80

overview,

75

role of,

80–82

in the United States,

83

Medications

. See also individual drug names

involuntary use of,

94

in palliative care,

155

treatment standard,

94–95

Memantine, for binge eating disorder,

123

Mental capacity

in anorexia nervosa, description of,

55–56

assessment of,

57–58

clinical judgment versus MacCAT-T,

66–68

focus on cognitive factors,

65

values and,

65–66

individual characteristics,

60–61

clinical interview vs. quantitative assessment,

62–65

comorbidity psychiatric disorders and,

61

decision-making,

56–57

definition of,

55–56

diminished,

64, 68

effects of nutrition on,

58–59

emergency status,

61

family of patient,

61

general principles of,

56–57

incapacity,

57

individual characteristics,

60–61

moderately ill category according to DSM-5,

64

motivation for treatment,

61

patient appreciation and,

66

patient’s medical situation,

61

in patients with severe eating disorders,

59–62

situational characteristics,

61–62

stage of illness and,

60–61

tests of,

56

treatment history of patient,

61–62

Mental Health Act 2007,

83

Mental illness

. See also Harm reduction; Illness

stigma of,

158–159

U.S. Supreme Court’s definition of,

93

Mental incapacity,

57

Microbiota, in treatment of SEEDs,

130–131

Models

of addiction psychiatry,

144

of eating disorder care provision,

34–35

harm reduction,

xix, 139

Moral distress, definition of,

28–29. See also Narrative ethics

Morality

in care of patients,

21–22

moral intuition,

23

Morbidity and mortality,

xiii–xiv, xv, 153. See also Futility, of eating disorders; Physician-assisted death

Morton, Richard,

7

Nalmefene, for treatment in binge eating disorder,

123

Naltrexone monotherapy, for binge eating disorder,

123

Narrative ethics

description of,

25–26

primary elements in,

25–26

Nasogastric tube feeding,

45, 47

National Institute for Health and Care Excellence,

12

Neuroendocrinology

of anorexia nervosa,

8

treatment for patients with SEEDs, transcranial magnetic stimulation,

124–125

Neurofeedback

description of,

127

for SEEDs,

127–128

Neurostimulation

. See also Brain

definition of,

124

for SEEDs,

124

NHS Foundation Trust v. Ms. X,

178

N,N-dimethyltryptamine, for bulimia nervosa,

122

Nonmaleficence, description of,

23

Normocytic anemia, medical consequences of eating disorders and,

78

Nutrition

anorexia nervosa and,

xiv–xv

effects on mental capacity,

58–59

feeding and dietary interventions for SEEDs,

130–131

involuntary feeding,

32–34

preoccupation with food,

58

reversing nutritional insufficiencies,

14–15

Objective coercion,

41–42

Orthorexia,

131

Oxytocin

for anorexia nervosa,

121

for binge eating disorder,

123

PAD

. See Physician-assisted death

Palliation

. See Palliative care

Palliative care,

xix

advance care planning,

156–157

basic tenets of,

154–155

capacity evaluation,

157–158

definition of,

154–155

futility of eating disorders and,

172

individual treatment,

157

overview,

153–154

recovery and,

154, 155

role of psychiatry in,

154, 155–156

Parents

alcoholism in,

2

parent–child relationship,

114

Pari passu,

8

Paternalism, definition of,

27. See also Narrative ethics

Patient-centered care, definition of,

27

Patients

. See also Practitioner

ability to make choices,

56–57

assessment of mental capacity in,

59–62, 65–68

autonomy of,

158–160

capacity evaluations of,

29

cognition in,

30, 31

decisional capacity in,

28, 30–34, 55, 170–171

dermatological changes in,

76

evaluation for physician-assisted death,

190–191

involuntary feeding,

32–34

medical situation of,

61

moral and ethical dilemmas in care of,

21–22

next of kin,

31

outcome in civil commitment,

97

patient-centered care,

27

perceptions of coercive treatment,

41–42

perspective of civil commitment,

97–98

quality of life in,

27, 36, 37

relapse of eating disorders,

34

testimonial about SEED/SEAN,

148–150

therapeutic alliances with practitioner,

33

weakness and deconditioning,

78–79

PBS

. See Pseudo-Bartter syndrome

People v. Medina,

103

People of the State of Colorado in the interest of P.S.,

103

Perceived coercion,

41–42

guardianship and,

81

Percent of ideal body weight (%IBW),

xiv

Personality, obsessive-compulsive personality traits in,

2

Phentermine, for binge eating disorder,

123

Physician-assisted death (PAD)

Benelux experience,

182–183

Canadian experience,

184

capacity and,

188–189

case of Ann G.,

186

description of,

181–182

ethics and,

189–190

euthanasia and,

185

examples of,

186–188

legalization of,

184–186

patient evaluation for,

190–191

U.S. experience,

184–186

Physician’s Orders for Life-Sustaining Treatment (POLST),

172

Physiological futility, description of,

165

Pima Indians,

3

Plot, description of,

26. See also Narrative ethics

POLST

. See Physician’s Orders for Life-Sustaining Treatment

Pothoven, Noa,

187

Practitioner

. See also Patients

therapeutic alliances, with coercion,

48–49

therapeutic alliances with patient,

33

virtue ethics approach to patient care,

25

Pseudo-Bartter syndrome (PBS)

bulimia nervosa and,

xv

medical consequence of eating disorders and,

80

Psychiatrist

as advocate in palliative care,

158–159

role in physician-assisted death,

190

Psychiatry

harm reduction and,

144

role of psychiatry in palliative care of SEEDs,

155–156

Psychotherapy, novel, for SEEDs,

128–130

Pulmonary disorders, with eating disorders,

77

Purging

in children and adolescents,

111–112

medical consequences of eating disorders and,

78

symptoms reduction,

142–143

Qualitative futility, description of,

166

Quality of life

fragility of BMI and,

143

low,

37

in patient-centered care,

27

patient limitations and,

36

of SEED patients,

112

treatment of SEEDs and,

120

Quantitative futility, description of,

165–166

Randomized controlled trial (RCT), for anorexia nervosa,

xiv

Refeeding syndrome, medical consequence of eating disorders and,

79–80

Relapse, prevention of,

49

Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), for SEEDs,

124–125

Resolution, description of,

26. See also Narrative ethics

Rituals, food-related,

4

Roman Catholic Church,

4

rTMS

. See Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), for SEEDs

Russell, Gerald,

9–10, 11

Sallekhana,

3

Schizophrenia,

62–63

SEAN

. See Severe and enduring anorexia nervosa

SEEDs

. See Severe and enduring eating disorders

Severe and enduring anorexia nervosa (SEAN),

140. See also Anorexia nervosa

Severe and enduring eating disorders (SEEDs)

. See also Anorexia nervosa; Eating disorders

age criteria of,

110

animal therapy for,

130

challenges in treatment of

construction of specialized facilities,

xviii

involuntary treatment,

xviii–xix

resource allocation,

xvii–xviii

in children and adolescents,

109–115

definition of,

109–110

feeding and dietary interventions for,

130–131

futility and,

168–170

neurofeedback for,

127–128

neurostimulation,

124

deep brain stimulation,

126

electroconvulsive therapy,

126–127

transcranial magnetic stimulation,

124–125

novel psychotherapies for,

128–130

overview,

119–120

patient’s testimonial about,

148–150

pharmacological interventions

for anorexia nervosa, restricting type,

120–122

for binge eating disorder,

123–124

for bulimia nervosa,

122–123

quality of life with,

112, 120

role of ethics in compelling treatment for patients with,

xvii

role of psychiatry in palliative care of,

155–156

virtual reality therapy,

128

Sibutramine, for binge eating disorder,

123

SMA

. See Superior mesenteric artery syndrome

Sodium oxybate, for binge eating disorder,

123

Somatic markers, cognition and,

65

Starvation

effects of nutrition on mental capacity,

58–59

as motivated behavioral disorder,

43

Steinsaltz, Adin,

xvi

STRIPED

. See The Harvard Chan School of Public Health’s Strategic Training Initiative for the Prevention of Eating Disorders

Suicide

. See Physician-assisted death

Superior mesenteric artery syndrome (SMA)

with eating disorders,

77–78

morbidity and mortality associated with,

xiv

Taboos, food-related,

4

Kashruth,

4

tDCS

. See Transcranial direct current stimulation, for SEEDs

Terminal illness

. See Futility, of eating disorders; Physician-assisted death

Therapeutic alliance,

33

coercion and effect on,

48–49

psychiatrist as advocate in palliative care,

158–159

Thienpont, Lieve,

183

“Tight-wasting,”

5

Topiramate, for binge eating disorder,

123

Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), for SEEDs,

125

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), for SEEDs,

124–125

Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation and Neuroimaging in Anorexia Nervosa study,

124–125

Transdermal estradiol, for anorexia nervosa,

121

Tyrosine, for anorexia nervosa,

121

UAGPPJA

. See Uniform Adult Guardianship and Protective Proceedings Jurisdiction Act

U.N. Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD),

92

“Underfeeding,”

xv

Uniform Adult Guardianship and Protective Proceedings Jurisdiction Act (UAGPPJA),

83

United Kingdom, civil commitment laws in,

91

United States

. See also Civil commitment

civil commitment in,

92–93

medical guardianship in,

83

Physician-assisted death in,

184–186

Supreme Court’s definition of mental illness,

93

Uniting Couples (in the treatment of) Anorexia Nervosa,

129

Utilitarianism, moral theories of,

23–24

“Venus of Willendorf,”

2–3

Virtual reality therapy,

128

Virtues, definition of,

24–25

Voice, description of,

26. See also Narrative ethics

“Weight disruption,”

xv

Weiner, Ken,

xviii

Weismann Social Adjustment Scale,

141

West, Ellen,

8

Western Australian Pregnancy Cohort (Raine) Study,

112