Workplace Antistigma Initiatives: A Scoping Study
Abstract
Objective
Methods
Results
Conclusions
Methods
Stage 1: identifying the research question
Stage 2: identifying relevant studies
Stage 3: study selection
Stage 4: charting the data
Results
Author or sponsor organization | Country | Workplace setting or industry | Specific antistigma goalsa | Type of stigma intervention | Duration or frequency of intervention | Study or target population |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
beyondblue (33) | Australia | State, territory, and local governments, large corporate organizations, “blue collar” industries, small and medium enterprises, not-for-profit organizations, professional associations, professional sporting bodies, rural businesses | Decrease stigma by improving attitudes toward people experiencing anxiety and depression | National Workplace Program: a series of 5 workshops, including DVD case studies and structured discussions | Workshops range from 45 minutes to 4 hours | Senior executives, managers, general staff |
Canadian Mental Health Association Calgary (44) | Canada | Corporate community | Define and demonstrate the effects of stigma; recognize stigma as a central component in all mental health–related problems | Copernicus Project: a train-the-trainer package or in-person workshops utilizing case studies, games, problem-solving frameworks, and debates; both formats are identical in content and duration | “Copernican Shifts”: 4 2-hour workshops; “What’s up With Biff?”: 1-hour stand-alone workshop | Corporate community (not otherwise specified) |
Canadian Mental Health Association Ontario (38) | Canada | Not specified | Improve the health of individuals and organizations; specifically address stigma and discrimination | Workplace Mental Health Promotion: provides fact sheets, definitions of stigma, and consequences of stigma | Ongoing: materials accessed via Web site | Employers, employees |
Dowling et al. (32) | United States | Police department | Address issue of unwillingness to share problems with mental health professionals; decrease fears of stigmatization | Police Organization Providing Peer Assistance: uses trained volunteer officers as peer support; 24-hour help line | Ongoing; 24-hour help line | New York Police Department; New York City and surrounding counties |
Great-West Life (34) | Canada | Not specified | Raise awareness and reduce stigma in the workplace | Centre for Mental Health in the Workplace: strategies, tools, and support for research and initiatives | Ongoing: materials accessed via Web site | Supervisors, employees, union leaders, senior leaders, human resources professionals, occupational health professionals, disability management professionals |
Greden et al. (28) | United States | Military: National Guard and Reserves | Counteract stigma and other barriers; create pathways to get and keep soldiers in treatment; create pathways for families to obtain support | Buddy-to-Buddy: peer-to-peer strategies | “Regular” check-in calls (not otherwise specified) | Citizen soldiers |
Grenier et al. (29) | Canada | Military | Reduce stigma, shame, and isolation endured by persons with PTSD | Operational Stress Injury Social Support Program: a peer-support model and speakers bureau | Ongoing use of peer-support coordinators and a speakers bureau | Soldiers |
Gould et al. (31) | United Kingdom | Military | Modify attitudes about PTSD, stress, and help seeking; train nonclinical, active service members to identify at-risk individuals for early intervention | Trauma Risk Management Program: a psychoeducational management strategy; didactic teaching and role play | 2.5 days | Service members of the U.K. armed forces |
Kitchener and Jorm (26) | Australia | Large government departments | Teach skills in giving initial help and support to someone experiencing a mental health problem; teach how to take action if a crisis situation arises | Mental Health First Aid: training; set lesson plans | 3 weekly sessions of 3 hours each | Employees of 2 Australian government departments |
Knifton et al. (27)b | United Kingdom | Benefits, housing, employment, voluntary-sector agencies | Promote positive attitudes, challenge negative stereotypes, and create positive behavioral intent among targeted audiences | Service user narratives, experiential group learning, didactic teaching approaches | 6-hour workshop divided into 7 sections | Employees of workplaces of importance to people who experience mental health problems |
Lunasco et al. (30) | United States | Military | Reduce stigma and improve help-seeking behaviors among the “warrior culture” | One Shot–One Kill: 5 educational modules, including stress management and enhancing purpose and meaning | 2-day, 4-hour training program | Military service members |
Mental Health Works (43) | Canada | Not specified | Reduce discomfort in talking about mental illness, reduce fear of coworkers who are ill, increase ability to respond supportively | Awareness of Mental Health in the Workplace: presentations with video of people with mental health issues | 1-hour condensed presentation; 3-hour presentation recommended | Employees |
Mood Disorders Association of Ontario (35) | Canada | Workplaces in public and private sectors | Reduce fear and misconceptions of mental illness; decrease reluctance to talk about it; create more effective conversations | Mental Health in the Workplace: Shifting Perceptions: stories, facts, interactive problem solving; group work with case scenarios | Half-day session | Managers, employees, employers |
Munday (25) | United Kingdom | Health care | Reduce stigma and misunderstanding about mental illness | Open Your Mind: online toolkit for National Health Service organizations, support materials, case studies, and videos | Open-access Web site with tools | Workers in the National Health Service |
Orsingher et al. (23) | United States | Military | Eliminate stigma that surrounds the search for behavioral health care | Battlemind Training System: peer intervention techniques, training and education, train-the-trainer, Web site containing interactive videos, marketing | Variety of programs within each of 3 distinct cycles of military life; range from 1 hour (not otherwise specified) | Senior leaders and officers, enlisted and officer personnel, families |
Queensland Alliance for Mental Health (39) | Australia | Employers and Disability Employment Network providers | Address many misconceptions and stigmatizing attitudes and beliefs about mental health issues | Mental Health Works: DVD and online videos, interactive PDF, online resources | Ongoing: open-access Web site with interactive PDF, videos, resources | Employees, employers |
Quinn et al. (24)b | United Kingdom | Housing association and telecommunications workers | Promote positive attitudes and challenge negative stereotypes; create positive behavioral intent among targeted audiences | Service user narratives, experiential group learning, and didactic teaching approaches | 9 1-day training courses | Employees |
SANE Australia (40) | Australia | Not specified | Reduce misunderstanding and unhelpful attitudes toward mental illness in the workplace | Mindful Employer: 10 core components, including podcasts, fact sheets, helpline, Web site | Ongoing: open-access Web site with tools, resources, contact information | Employers, employees |
See Me (41) | Scotland | Not specified | Increase local antistigma activity by providing easy-to-use tools | Stigma in the Workplace: toolkits, resources, PowerPoint presentations, case studies, planning tools, legal implications, “what employers can do” | Ongoing: open-access Web site with tools and resources | Not specified |
Shaw Trust (37) | United Kingdom | Not specified | Provide strategies to deal with stigma; help managers to support staff dealing with mental health issues | Ability at Work: Tackling the Last Workplace Taboo: checklists, suggestions, “dos” and “don’ts” | Ongoing: open-access Web site with resources | Not specified |
SHiFT (42) | United Kingdom | Not specified | Support managers and employers to promote good mental health and reduce stigma and discrimination | Shifting Attitudes to Mental Illness: printable handbook with links to other organizations and Web sites; learning tools; video clips | Ongoing: open-access Web site with resources | Line managers and others in public- and private-sector organizations |
SAMHSAc (36) | United States | Not specified | Reduce stigma and discrimination associated with mental illnesses | Businesses Materials for a Mental Health Friendly Workplace: booklet start-up package | Ongoing: open-access Web site with resources | Human resources personnel, management |
Workplace setting or industry
Study or target population
Type of stigma intervention
Outcome measures
Discussion
Conclusions
Acknowledgments and disclosures
Supplementary Material
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