Trauma-focused Psychotherapy after a Trial of Medication for Chronic PTSD: Pilot Observations

Background: To date, all clinical trials using a single therapeutic modality (psychotherapy or pharmacotherapy) have found that even the best validated treatments for adults with chronic Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) leave a substantial proportion of patients with disabling residual symptoms. Method: We reviewed the treatment course of three research patients with PTSD who received trauma-focused psychotherapy after experiencing a partial response to medication. Structured diagnostic interviews, validated symptom measures, and standardized treatment approaches were used to assess treatment response. Results: All patients partially benefited from medication treatment, and the degree of benefit varied substantially. Also, all patients experienced an additional reduction in PTSD symptoms after a time-limited course of prolonged exposure therapy (PE). This finding differs from anecdotal observations among U.S. War veterans and has never been documented systematically among civilian adults with chronic PTSD. Conclusion: Maximizing treatment outcome in adults with chronic PTSD may require additional psychotherapy after a partial medication response, and further study is warranted.