Schizoid personality disorder after prenatal exposure to famine

OBJECTIVE: The authors tested whether early prenatal exposure to famine was associated with schizophrenia spectrum personality disorder in addition to being associated with schizophrenia per se as shown in a previous study. METHOD: The risk of schizoid personality disorder, as defined by ICD-6 to ICD-9, in men at age 18 years was compared in birth cohorts that were conceived at the height of the Dutch Hunger Winter famine and in unexposed birth cohorts of 1944-1946 in the famine region of Holland. RESULTS: The exposed cohort had a significantly greater risk (relative risk = 2.01) of schizoid personality disorder. CONCLUSIONS: Prenatal nutritional deficiency was associated with a greater risk of schizoid personality disorder in men at age 18 years.