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Published Online: 1 March 2010

An fMRI Study of Frontostriatal Circuits During the Inhibition of Eye Blinking in Persons With Tourette Syndrome

Abstract

Objective

The authors sought to study activity in neural circuits that subserve the inhibition of a semi-involuntary motor behavior, eye blinking, in children and adults with Tourette syndrome and in healthy comparison subjects.

Method

Functional magnetic resonance imaging was used to scan 120 participants (51 with Tourette syndrome and 69 comparison subjects) as they either blinked normally or successfully inhibited eye blinking. The authors compared the blood-oxygen-level dependent signal during these two conditions across the Tou­rette and comparison groups.

Results

Results: Relative to comparison subjects, patients with Tourette syndrome activated more strongly the frontal cortex and striatum during eye blink inhibition. Activation increased more with age in the dorsolateral and inferolateral prefrontal cortex and caudate nucleus in the Tourette group relative to comparison subjects. In addition, the Tourette group more strongly activated the middle frontal gyrus, dorsal anterior cingulate, and temporal cortices. The severity of tic symptoms in the Tourette group correlated inversely with activation in the putamen and inferolateral prefrontal cortex.

Conclusions

Conclusions: Frontostriatal activity is increased in persons with Tourette syndrome during the inhibition of eye blinks. Activation of frontostriatal circuits in this population may help to maintain regulatory control over semi-involuntary behaviors, whether these are tics or eye blinks.

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Information & Authors

Information

Published In

Go to American Journal of Psychiatry
Go to American Journal of Psychiatry
American Journal of Psychiatry
Pages: 341 - 349
PubMed: 20080981

History

Received: 17 December 2008
Accepted: 5 October 2009
Published online: 1 March 2010
Published in print: March 2010

Authors

Affiliations

Luigi Mazzone, M.D., Ph.D.
Benjamin C. Gunter, B.S.
Bradley S. Peterson, M.D.

Notes

Received Dec. 17, 2008; revision received Sept. 2, 2009; accepted Oct. 5, 2009. From the Department of Psychiatry, Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute and the College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University; Division of Child Neurology and Psychiatry, Department of Pediatrics, University of Catania, Catania, Italy; and the Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pa. Address correspondence and reprint requests to Dr. Peterson, Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Columbia University and the New York State Psychiatric Institute, 1051 Riverside Dr., Unit 78, New York, NY 10032; [email protected] (e-mail).

Competing Interests

All authors report no financial relationships with commercial interests.

Funding Information

Supported in part by NIMH grants MH-01232, MH-59139, MH-068318, and K02-74677; by NICHD grants HD-39667 and HD-051502; and by a grant from the Tourette Syndrome Association. Dr. Mazzone was supported by the Alexander Bodini Fellowship at the Italian Academy for Advanced Studies in America at Columbia University.

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