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Disorders of consciousness (DoC) can result from focal or diffuse traumatic brain injuries (TBIs). Following moderate to severe TBI, individuals often experience DoC, which lie on a continuum and include coma, vegetative state, minimally conscious state (MCS), and posttraumatic confusional state (PTCS). DoC are categorized on the basis of observable behaviors and their inferred relationship to level of consciousness (Table 10–1) (Giacino et al. 2014). Consensus-based guidelines using behavioral criteria have been developed to improve diagnostic precision. Accurate diagnosis is critical to establishing prognosis and commencing appropriate assessment and treatment interventions; it is also strongly associated with functional outcome (Nakase-Richardson et al. 2012).
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