Page numbers printed in boldface type refer to figures and tables.
Abacavir,530Abatacept,624ABCDEF bundle,637–638,
638Acamprosateadverse effects,188,
790dosing information,184,
241indications,288, 769
precautions and contraindications,694, 770, 771
ACE inhibitors. See Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitorsAcetaminophen (paracetamol),717, 723, 724, 725, 726, 731
Acetazolamide,232, 258,
291, 295
Acetylcholinesterase combination therapyindications,399, 400, 401, 403, 412
overview,395–396
precautions and contraindications,400
Acid (lysergic acid diethylamide; LSD),784
α1-Acid glycoprotein,13–15,
14–
15, 176, 271,
699Acne,587–588, 595
Acne inversa (hidradenitis suppurativa),588–589
Acromegaly,442Acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis (or DRESS),591, 593, 594–595
Acyclovir,532, 556
Adalimumab,201,
203,
624Addison’s disease,442,
442ADHD,484, 582, 648
Adherence to medication,6,
8–
9, 678, 679
Administration of drugs. See Alternative routes of administrationAdrenal insufficiency,547
α-Adrenergic agonistsadverse effects,420, 636–637,
790dosing information,240drug interactions,658–
659indicationsin critical care and perioperative settings,636–637, 644, 652–654
substance use disorders,760, 765–766, 775–776
α-Adrenergic antagonistsadverse effects,246, 269,
270drug interactions,254, 258,
657indications,247
Adrenergic urticaria (“halo hives”),586–587
Adrenocorticotropic hormone,461
Aducanumab-avwa,144–145,
183,
189, 394–395,
421AEDs. See Antiepileptic drugsAggression,396–397, 402, 405, 463
Agomelatine,72, 82
β Agonistsadverse effects,309,
312,
504, 505
drug interactions,328, 329,
508, 510,
659pharmacodynamics,29–30
Agranulocytosis,91, 92, 399
Albendazole,558
Albumin,13–15,
14–
15, 176, 271
Albuterol,312, 314,
328Alcohol use disorder (AUD),754–771
about,754
abstinence and craving,767–771
alcohol withdrawal syndrome (AWS) about,755
management,757–759
during pregnancy,762
screening instruments,755–756
endocrine/metabolic disorders and,100
gastrointestinal disorders and,83
renal disorders and,84Alemtuzumab,364, 375,
696Alfentanil,44Alfoscerate,398
Alfuzosin,246, 247,
254, 259
Alkylating agents,359, 361
Almotriptan,47,
426,
736Alopecia,587, 592–593
Alosetron,174,
200Alpelisib capecitabine,365Alprazolamadverse effects,592
alternative routes of administration,130, 134, 135, 136
dosing information,181drug interactions,329,
601, 603
indications,352, 485, 561
pharmacokinetics,22,
43withdrawal,771
ALS (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis),415
Alternative routes of administration,119–145
about,119–120
for antidepressants,123–
124, 137–139
for antipsychotics,124–
126, 129, 130, 132, 133, 139–142
for anxiolytics and sedative-hypnotics,122, 130, 133, 134–137
buccal,130
for dementia medications,127–
128, 144–145
intramuscular,129
intranasal,132–133
intravenous,120, 129
key points,145–146
for mood stabilizers,126, 130, 133, 142–143
for opioid use disorder medications,127, 130
oral inhalation,133
orally disintegrating tablets,130–131
for psychostimulants,127, 130, 133, 143–144
rectal administration,131–132
situations requiring,120,
121subcutaneous,129
sublingual,130
topical or transdermal,132
via tube,133–134
Altretamine,359, 361
Alzheimer’s disease,394–399
Amantadineadverse effects,189, 419–421,
420,
532dosing information,183,
239drug interactions,422,
423–
424indications,403, 405, 407
precautions and contraindications,399
Amiloride,249, 258
Aminoglycosides,529Aminophylline,312, 314
Amiodaroneadverse effects,72, 269,
270drug interactions,289,
290, 295
pharmacokinetics,46Amisulprideadverse effects,199alternative routes of administration,141
dosing information,180drug interactions,204precautions and contraindications,690
Amitriptylineadverse effects,71, 82, 316, 444
alternative routes of administration,137–138
dosing information,178, 272
drug interactions,259,
545,
601, 603
indicationsdermatological disorders,583, 586, 589, 590
gastrointestinal disorders,164, 167, 175
pain management,719, 723, 724, 725
respiratory disorders,326
rheumatological disorders,622–623
pharmacokinetics,22, 29,
31,
41Amobarbital,592
Amoxapine,31, 67,
417Amphetaminesadverse effects,100,
189, 286, 502
alternative routes of administration,130, 133
drug interactions,259,
427indications,782
pharmacokinetics,29,
32Amphetamine use disorder,782
Amphotericin B,532Amprenavir,541Amputation,722, 733
Amrinone,655,
660, 662–663
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS),415
Anabolic androgenic steroids,549
Anakinra,624Analgesics. See Acetaminophen; Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs; Opioids; Pain managementAnastrozole,362
Anemia,91, 93, 346, 353, 692
Anesthesia. See Critical care and surgery settingsAngioedema,586–587, 591
Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitorsadverse effects,270drug interactions,290, 295, 691
indications,273
pharmacokinetics,28
Angiotensin II receptor blockers,273,
290, 295
Anorexia nervosa,283, 483, 484
Antacids,10, 29,
202Anthelmintics,533, 558
Antiarrhythmic agents,72, 269,
290–
291Antibacterials/antibioticsadverse effects,72–73, 311,
312,
529–
530, 559–560, 599
drug interactions,328,
534–
538, 560,
601, 603
indications,526–528
pharmacokinetics,26,
46Antibody treatments,360, 677
Anticholinergic delirium,644
Anticholinergic drug burden,29
Anticholinergics. See also specific drugsadverse effects,246–247,
248,
312, 313,
417, 644
drug interactions,29–30,
253,
328, 329, 737
indications,313, 418
precautions and contraindications,162, 166, 258, 399, 644
Anticonvulsants. See also specific drugsadverse effectsblood dyscrasias,91cutaneous,592, 593, 594, 596
gastrointestinal,77, 83, 196
overview,790psychiatric,420, 421
renal/urological,88
dosing information,237–
238drug interactions,423, 560, 603,
627indicationsCNS disorders,405, 413–414
dermatological disorders,581
infectious diseases,528, 555, 556
organ transplantation,697–698
pain management,717, 718–719, 732–734
restless legs syndrome,245
substance use disorders,760, 762–763, 770
pharmacokinetics,41precautions and contraindications,648, 764
Antidepressants. See also specific drugsadverse effectsblood dyscrasias,91, 92–93
cancer risk,356–357
cardiovascular,274, 275–281
cutaneous,592–593, 594, 595
endocrine,451fertility,495
gastrointestinal,77, 81–82, 83, 159, 160,
187–
188, 192–193, 196–197
metabolic,324, 444–445, 457
neurological,417obstetrical/gynecological,489–
490, 495–497, 501
renal/urological,85, 242,
248, 249
respiratory,316–317
rheumatological,625–626
sexual,251, 503
alternative routes of administration,123–
124, 137–139
dosing information,171,
179,
234–
235, 242–243, 280–281
drug interactionscardiovascular medications,289,
292–
293chemotherapy medications,364dermatological medications,603
endocrine medications,465gastrointestinal medications,207neurological medications,425–
426pain medications,735–737
renal/urological medications,255–
256respiratory medications,327
serotonin syndrome,62, 375, 422
indicationscancer,348–350
CNS disorders,401, 402
dermatological disorders,581, 584, 587, 590
endocrine/metabolic disorders,444–445, 448–449, 450
gastrointestinal disorders,158–159, 161–167, 173, 174
infectious diseases,547–549, 556, 557
organ transplantation,682–687
pain management,731–732
renal/urological disorders,242–243
respiratory disorders,320, 321, 324, 326
rheumatological disorders,622–623
pharmacokinetics,31,
41precautions and contraindications,258, 318, 449, 647–649
routes of administration,123–
124, 130, 132, 133, 137–139
Antidiarrheal agents,199,
202Antidiuretic hormone,449
Antiemetics,199–
200,
204–
206, 375, 457, 458
Antiepileptic drugs (AEDs). See also specific drugsadverse effects,77, 78–81, 498, 593
indications,400, 404, 412
Antifungalsadverse effects,73,
532–
533, 599
drug interactions,328,
545–
546, 560,
601, 603
pharmacokinetics,46Antiherpetics,532Antihistaminesadverse effects,72, 598–599
drug interactions,602, 603, 661
indications,581, 586
Antihyperlipidemics,291Antihypertensives,457
Antimetabolites,359Antimicrobials. See Anthelmintics; Antibacterials/antibiotics; Antifungals; AntiviralsAntinauseants,204–
206Antiparkinsonian medications,423–
424Antipsychotic (neuroleptic) hypersensitivity syndrome,54, 60–61
Antipsychotics. See also specific drugsadverse effectsblood dyscrasias,90–93,
91cancer,354–355
cardiovascular,70–71,
274, 281–285, 641–642
cutaneous,592, 593, 594, 595, 596
endocrine/metabolic,94–99,
95–
96, 101, 282, 319, 325,
451, 455–459,
457gastrointestinal,77, 82, 83, 159, 160,
188, 190, 193, 196, 197
neurological,52, 65–66, 416–418,
417obstetrical/gynecological,491, 497, 501, 502
renal/urological,85, 88, 242, 243,
248, 251
respiratory,318–319
sexual,251, 503
alternative routes of administration,124–
126, 129, 130, 132, 133, 139–142
dosing information,180–
181,
236, 243
drug interactionsantimicrobials,540cardiovascular medications,289,
294, 295
chemotherapy drugs,364,
366,
367, 375
cocaine,781–782
in critical care and perioperative settings,656,
657,
658,
659,
660, 663
dermatological medications,601endocrine medications,467gastrointestinal medications,207neurological medications,422,
426–
427,
658obstetrical/gynecological medications,509, 510
pain medications,737
renal/urological medications,256–
257respiratory medications,327, 329
rheumatological medications,627indicationscancer,169, 352
cardiovascular disorders,274,
284CNS disorders,398, 400, 402, 405, 408, 411–412
delirium prevention and treatment,554, 634–636, 639–641, 644
dermatological disorders,577–578
endocrine/metabolic disorders,448
gastrointestinal disorders,174
infectious diseases,528, 552, 553, 555, 556, 557, 559
obstetrical/gynecological disorders,481
organ transplantation,689, 698
pain management,734
renal/urological disorders,232, 243
respiratory disorders,321, 323, 325
sexual dysfunction,415
substance use disorders,766–767
pharmacokinetics,32,
42–
43precautions and contraindicationsCNS disorders,396, 399, 400, 405, 411, 414
in critical care and perioperative settings,647, 650
delirium prevention and treatment,637, 641–642
infectious diseases,528
organ transplantation,689–690
renal/urological disorders,258
respiratory disorders,318–319, 323, 326
Antispasmodics,200,
203, 245–247,
246,
253Antithymocyte globulin,677
Antithyroid medications,460,
460Antitubercular agents,312, 313–314, 528,
529,
534–
538Anti–tumor necrosis factor-a,584–585
Antiviralsadverse effects,73,
530–
532, 547
drug interactions,206,
538–
544, 553–554, 560, 773–774
indications,551
pharmacokinetics,25,
47Anxietyas adverse effect ofantimicrobials,559
corticosteroids,461
cancer comorbidity,346, 351–352
cardiovascular disorders and,268–269, 717
CNS disorders and,398, 402, 404, 413
in critical care and perioperative settings,645, 650–654
dermatological disorders and,574, 583, 586–587, 588–589
endocrine/metabolic disorders and,442, 443, 445–446, 447, 448, 449
infectious diseases and,550–551
obstetrical/gynecological disorders and,463, 480–486, 505, 506
organ transplantation and,681
pain management and,716–717, 718
renal disorders and,230
respiratory disorders and,309, 310, 314
Anxiolyticsadverse effectscancer risk,355–356
cutaneous,592
gastrointestinal,187neurological,418obstetrical/gynecological,488, 493–495, 500–501
renal/urological,248respiratory,317–318
alternative routes of administration,122, 130, 133, 134–137
indications,243–244, 273–275, 352, 650
pharmacokinetics,32,
43–
44precautions and contraindications,326, 647
Anxiolytic use disorder,771–772
Apathetic hyperparathyroidism,448
Apathycardiovascular disorders and,269
CNS disorders and,397–398, 404, 414
defined,398
endocrine/metabolic disorders and,442infectious diseases and,533
Aplastic anemia,692
Aprepitant,167,
199,
204, 350
Arformoterol,312Argatroban,296
Aripiprazoleadverse effectscardiovascular,71
endocrine/metabolic,98, 458
gastrointestinal,160,
188neurological,61, 416
obstetrical/gynecological,502
sexual,503
alternative routes of administration,130, 133, 139
dosing information,25,
180,
236, 493
drug interactions,601indicationscardiovascular disorders,284–285
CNS disorders,414
in critical care and perioperative settings,635
dermatological disorders,578
organ transplantation,690
substance use disorders,770
pharmacokinetics,20, 25, 30,
42precautions and contraindications,410
Armodafiniladverse effects,189dosing information,183,
239drug interactionsantimicrobials,540chemotherapy drugs,368, 374
gastrointestinal medications,209obstetrical/gynecological medications,507,
509post–organ transplantation,701renal/urological medications,257rheumatological medications,627indications,325, 353, 403, 549
pharmacokinetics,30,
45ArrhythmiasQTc interval prolongation,68, 70–73, 641–642
torsades de pointes,68, 70–73, 282–283,
284, 288, 603, 641–642
Arsenic trioxide,364Asenapineadverse effects,416
alternative routes of administration,132, 142
dosing information,180,
236indications,285, 690
pharmacokinetics,22,
43Asparaginase,364Aspirin,723, 724
Astemizole,603
Asthma,308, 309, 310, 316, 320–321
Ataxia,553
Atazanavir,47,
531, 554
Atomoxetineadverse effects,189, 287
dosing information,183,
239drug interactionschemotherapy drugs,366,
370, 374
in critical care and perioperative settings,659dermatological medications,601gastrointestinal medications,209obstetrical/gynecological medications,509post–organ transplantation,701renal/urological medications,257sedative-hypnotic induction agents,658indications,325, 408
pharmacokinetics,30,
45precautions and contraindications,648, 688
Atopic dermatitis (eczema),574, 582–583
Atropine,312, 313,
328, 329
Attapulgite,202AUD. See Alcohol use disorderAutism spectrum disorder,483, 498
Autoimmune thyroiditis (Graves’ disease),448, 547
AWS. See under Alcohol use disorderAzathioprine,623,
624, 626,
627,
696, 697
Azithromycin,72, 526, 558, 603
Azole antifungals,601, 603
Baclofenadverse effects,790indications,720, 760, 761–762, 770, 771
precautions and contraindications,762
withdrawal,772
Bacterial infectionsadverse effects of antibiotics,529–
530, 559
drug interactions,534–
538neuroborreliosis,527
neurosyphilis,527–528
PANDAS,526
tuberculosis,308, 310, 528
Balsalazide,201Bamlanivimab,558
Barbiturates about,760
adverse effects,594,
790drug interactions,656
indications,758–761
precautions and contraindications,244, 318
Barbiturate use disorder,771–772
Bariatric surgery,170–171,
172Baricitinib,315,
624Basiliximab,696Bath salts (synthetic cathinones),63, 786
Bazett’s formula,285, 642
BDD (body dysmorphic disorder),575
Belatacept,696, 697
Belimumab,624Bendroflumethiazide,246Benign essential neutropenia,92
Benign prostatic hyperplasia,247, 258
Benzodiazepines. See also specific drugsadverse effectsblood dyscrasias,91, 93
cancer risk,355–356
cardiac,275
in critical care settings,645
cutaneous,594
delirium,644
gastrointestinal,160, 193
neurological,67,
418obstetrical/gynecological,488, 493–495, 500
overview,790renal,243–244
respiratory,317, 320–321
sleep disturbances,580
alternative routes of administration,120, 134–137, 140
dosing information,237, 244, 759–760
drug interactionsantimicrobials,534,
535,
536,
537,
538,
540,
546cardiovascular medications,296
chemotherapy drugs,365,
366, 371, 372
in critical care and perioperative settings,661
dermatological medications,601, 603
respiratory medications,327, 329
indicationscancer,169, 352
cardiovascular disorders,273–275
CNS disorders,396–397, 398, 404, 405, 413
in critical care and perioperative settings,561, 652–653
dermatological disorders,590
endocrine/metabolic disorders,448
gastrointestinal disorders,169
infectious diseases,550–551, 552, 554, 555
obstetrical/gynecological disorders,481, 482
organ transplantation,689, 698
pain management,734
respiratory disorders,317, 326, 327
restless legs syndrome,245, 482
rheumatological disorders,623
serotonin syndrome,64
substance use disorders,765, 785
intoxication and overdoses,750–751, 753–754
pharmacokinetics,20,
32precautions and contraindicationscancer,352
CNS disorders,398, 400, 402, 405, 413, 419
in critical care and perioperative settings,647, 648
gastrointestinal disorders,162–163, 178
infectious diseases,550–551, 552
organ transplantation,681–682
respiratory disorders,321–323, 324
rheumatological disorders,623
substance withdrawal,758–760
Benzodiazepine use disorder,771–772
Benztropineadverse effects,189, 190,
248,
417drug interactions,658indications,160, 418
pharmacokinetics,32precautions and contraindications,419
Bevacizumab,360, 363
BFRBs (body-focused repetitive behaviors),574, 575, 576, 578–580, 587–588
Bictegravir,532,
545Biguanides,460Binge eating,480, 484
Bioavailability, defined,9–12, 175–176
Biologics,584–585, 599–600
Biperiden,10,
32,
189Bipolar disorderdermatological disorders and,588
endocrine/metabolic disorders and,443, 447
infectious diseases and,533, 551
obstetrical/gynecological conditions and,480, 481, 482, 487, 493, 505
Birth control (oral contraceptives),20, 484–485, 504,
504, 507, 509–510, 520, 588
Bisphosphonates indications,722
Bleeding,93, 191–192, 278, 683
Blinatumomab,360, 363
β-Blockersadverse effects,269,
270, 595,
790drug interactions,289,
292–
295, 296, 781
indications,232, 273, 405, 448, 453
pharmacodynamics,29–30
pharmacokinetics,44precautions and contraindications,766
Blood dyscrasias,90–93,
91BMS (burning mouth syndrome),158–159, 576, 589–590
Body dysmorphic disorder (BDD),575
Body-focused repetitive behaviors (BFRBs),574, 575, 576, 578–580, 587–588
Bortezomib,360Botulinum toxin,720, 722
“Brain fog,”171
Brain tumors,346–347, 357–358
Breast cancer,348, 349, 354, 355, 357, 374
Breastfeeding,480–481, 499–502.
See also Pregnancy and postpartum
Brentuximab,360, 363
Brexanoloneadverse effects,187, 501
alternative routes of administration,120, 137, 138
dosing information,179,
235pharmacokinetics,41precautions and contraindications,687
Brexpiprazoleadverse effects,188, 416, 458
dosing information,25,
180,
236pharmacokinetics,25,
43precautions and contraindications,690
Brivaracetam,20, 421
Brodalumab,599–600
Bromazepam,43Bromocriptine,22, 403, 459,
460, 464
Bronchodilators,312, 314,
328, 329
Brugada syndrome,68, 71
Buccal administration of drugs,130
Bumetanide,258
Buprenorphineabout,730
adverse effects,188, 288,
790alternative routes of administration,129, 130
dosing information,184,
240drug interactionsantivirals,539, 773–774
in critical care and perioperative settings,650
organ transplantation,695
pain medications,737,
792indicationscardiovascular disorders,288
pain management,722, 730, 774–775
substance use disorders,773–777
intoxication and overdoses,751
pharmacokinetics,44precautions and contraindications,650, 695, 774
Bupropionadverse effectscardiovascular,274, 279
cutaneous,593, 594, 595, 596
gastrointestinal,82, 83,
187, 190
neurological,67, 416,
417obstetrical,490, 495, 501
overview,790psychiatric,419
sexual,503
alternative routes of administration,133
dosing information,178,
179,
234drug interactionsantimicrobials,538,
543–
544cardiovascular medications,292, 296
chemotherapy drugs,366,
370, 374
in critical care and perioperative settings,659gastrointestinal medications,207neurological medications,422,
425obstetrical/gynecological medications,509pain medications,735
post–organ transplantation,685,
701renal/urological medications,256serotonin syndrome,63
indicationscancer,350
cardiovascular disorders,72, 281
CNS disorders,398, 407
dermatological disorders,583, 585
gastrointestinal disorders,173
infectious diseases,548
post–organ transplantation,685
sexual dysfunction,503
substance use disorders,685, 779, 782
pharmacokinetics,22, 30,
41precautions and contraindications,67, 404, 418–419, 685
Burning mouth syndrome (BMS),158–159, 576, 589–590
Buserelin,504Buspironeadverse effects,187,
418,
488dosing information,181,
237drug interactions,536,
546,
601indicationsgastrointestinal disorders,164
infectious diseases,550
post–organ transplantation,689
respiratory disorders,318, 325
sexual dysfunction,503
pharmacokinetics,22,
32,
43Cabergoline,459,
460, 464
Cabotegravir,532,
545Caffeine,47, 723, 724
Calcineurin inhibitors,695–698,
696, 701, 702
Calcitonin,722
Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) injectables,723–724
Calcium acetate,253, 259
Calcium carbonate,253, 259
Calcium channel blockers,73,
291, 734–735
Calcium supplements,485
Calpain inhibitors,402
Cancer. See OncologyCancer-related fatigue (CRF),346, 351, 352–354, 357–358
Cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome,169–170, 783
Cannabinoids,47, 63, 396–397, 402
Cannabis use disorder,782–784
Cannabis withdrawal syndrome (CWS),783–784
Capsaicin,158, 169, 735
Carbamazepineadverse effectsblood dyscrasias,90,
91cardiovascular,274, 286
cutaneous,592, 593, 594, 595, 596
endocrine/metabolic,451gastrointestinal,78–79, 83, 172,
189, 193, 196
neurological,67,
417obstetrical/gynecological,491, 498, 502
renal/urological,88,
248respiratory,319
rheumatological,625
alternative routes of administration,133, 143
dosing information,182,
237,
241, 244
drug interactions,423antimicrobials,534,
536,
539,
541,
542–
544, 560
antivirals,551
cardiovascular medications,294chemotherapy drugs,367,
368,
370, 371, 373, 374, 375
in critical care and perioperative settings,657, 661
dermatological medications,601, 603
endocrine/metabolic medications,466gastrointestinal medications,208methadone,773
obstetrical/gynecological medications,507,
509post–organ transplantation,701renal/urological medications,257, 258
respiratory medications,329
rheumatological medications,626,
627indicationsCNS disorders,397, 402, 405, 411, 413, 415
gastrointestinal disorders,190
infectious diseases,551, 556
pain management,718–719, 720, 722, 733
substance use disorders,760, 763, 764
pharmacokinetics,20,
22, 27, 30,
41precautions and contraindicationsantivirals,186
in critical care and perioperative settings,648
genotyping,593–594
infectious diseases,551
obstetrics and gynecology,764
post–organ transplantation,692
Carbidopa,403,
420, 482, 494
Carbimazole,460,
460Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors,29,
253, 258, 259
Carboplatin,365, 372
“Cardiac cirrhosis,”272Cardiac glycosides,291Cardiomyopathy,69, 75
Cardiovascular disorders,267–305
about,267–268
adverse cardiovascular effects ofantimicrobials,560
immunosuppressants,682
obstetrical/gynecological medications,506
psychotropics,67–76,
68–
69, 233, 242, 258–259
urological agents,233, 257–258
adverse psychiatric effects of medications for,269–271,
270differential diagnosis,268–269
drug interactions,271–273,
272, 289,
290–
295, 295–296
drug reactions (severe),67–76,
68–
69key points,296–297
pharmacokinetics and,21
psychiatric symptoms in patients with,268, 641–642, 717
psychotropic use in,273–289,
274Cariprazineadverse effects,188, 416, 458
dosing information,180,
236pharmacokinetics,43precautions and contraindications,690
Carvedilol,296
Casirivimab,558
Catastrophizing,716–717
Catatonia,446, 623, 644–645
Catechol O-methyltransferase inhibitors,399,
420Celecoxib,736Celiac disease and microscopic colitis,171–172,
172Central apnea,318
CNS disorders,393–427
about,393–394
adverse neurological effects of psychotropics,416–419,
417–
418adverse psychiatric effects of medications for,419–422,
420–
421, 528
drug interactions,53–
56,
423–
427cerebrovascular events,55, 65–66
lithium-antipsychotic encephalopathy,54, 61–62
neuroleptic malignant syndrome,52,
53, 57–58, 160, 656, 781
parkinsonism-hyperpyrexia syndromes,53, 59–61
seizures,528
serotonin syndrome,55, 62–64, 422
drug reactions (severe),52,
53–
56, 57–67
epilepsy,66, 412–414
Huntington’s disease,410–412
key points,427–428
lupus,626
multiple sclerosis,405–408, 415
opportunistic infections,528, 533
Parkinson’s disease,59–61, 66, 408–410, 415
posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorder,697
pseudobulbar affect,414–415
psychiatric symptoms in patients withapathy,397–398, 404, 414
dementia,394–401, 415, 506, 527, 533
dementia medications,127–
128, 130, 132, 133, 144–145,
183, 186
sexual disinhibition,415
stroke,401–402, 414, 719–720, 732, 781
traumatic brain injury,403–405, 415
Central poststroke pain,719–720, 732
Cephalosporins,529Cerebrovascular events,55, 65–66
Ceritinib,364,
365,
367Certolizumab,624Certolizumab pegol,201Cetuximab,364, 375
CGRP (calcitonin gene-related peptide) injectables,723–724
“Chemo brain,”354, 358
Chemotherapy drugsadverse effects,358–363,
359–
360drug interactions,363,
364–
371, 371–375, 626
Chest pain (noncardiac),161–163
Child-Pugh score (CPS),21, 177–178,
178Childrenchildhood sexual abuse,483
PANDAS,526
preoperative anxiety and,652–654
Chloral hydrate,134
Chlordiazepoxideadverse effects,203, 592, 595
dosing information,181,
237indications,758–759
pharmacokinetics,22precautions and contraindications,758–759
Chloroquine,558
Chlorothiazide,246Chlorpheniramine,602, 603
Chlorpromazineadverse effectsblood dyscrasias,91cardiovascular,281
cutaneous,592, 596
endocrine/metabolic,97
gastrointestinal,82, 193
neurological,66
rheumatological,625
alternative routes of administration,133, 141, 142
indicationsin critical care and perioperative settings,638
endocrine/metabolic disorders,462
infectious diseases,554
pharmacokinetics,22,
43precautions and contraindications,418–419
Chlorthalidone,246Cholinesterase inhibitorsadverse effectscardiovascular,287–288
gastrointestinal,160,
189, 190
psychiatric,421respiratory,323
alternative routes of administration,144
dosing information,238, 244
drug interactionscardiovascular medications,295, 296
in critical care and perioperative settings,649,
657–
658, 661
rheumatological medications,627indications,61, 244, 351, 398, 556, 636
precautions and contraindications,636, 649
Chronic daily headache,724
Chronic fatigue syndrome,555
Chronic graft rejection,677–678, 679
Chronic idiopathic urticaria (CIU),586
Chronic kidney disease (CKD),230, 250–251.
See also Renal and urological disorders
Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration equations,23
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)about,308advanced and terminal,327
psychiatric comorbidities,309
psychotropic precautions,318
psychotropic use in,317, 321–323
Chronic pain. See Pain managementChronic renal insufficiency,83–86,
84Cigarettes. See SmokingCilgavimab,558
Cimetidine,47,
200,
202, 415, 598–599
Cinacalcet,454
Ciprofloxacin,24–25,
46,
529,
537, 603
Circadian rhythm of skin,573–574
Cirrhosis,21, 82, 176–178, 184, 271,
272Cisapride,72
Cisplatin,365, 372
Citalopramadverse effects,72, 275–276, 683
alternative routes of administration,133, 137–138
drug interactionschemotherapy drugs,364,
366,
367, 374, 375
immunosuppressants,683
obstetrical/gynecological medications,509indicationscardiovascular disorders,278, 280
CNS disorders,397, 398, 402, 406
dermatological disorders,579, 585, 587
endocrine/metabolic disorders,445
obstetrical/gynecological conditions,501
post–organ transplantation,683, 699
respiratory disorders,320
pharmacokinetics,20,
22, 28,
31,
41precautions and contraindications,171, 280, 406
CIU (chronic idiopathic urticaria),586
CKD (chronic kidney disease),230, 250–251.
See also Renal and urological disorders
Clarithromycin,46, 72–73, 527,
530,
536–
537,
601, 603
Clidinium,203Clomiphene,504, 505
Clomipramineadverse effects,67, 71
alternative routes of administration,137–138
indications,415, 485, 578, 587
pharmacokinetics,31,
41precautions and contraindications,418–419
Clonazepamalternative routes of administration,130, 134, 135
dosing information,181indicationscancer,352
dermatological disorders,589
gastrointestinal disorders,158
infectious diseases,552
pain management,734
post–organ transplantation,689
pharmacokinetics,22,
44suicide risk,421
Clonidineadverse effects,420dosing information,240drug interactions,684,
792indicationsin critical care and perioperative settings,653
gastrointestinal disorders,168
infectious diseases,556
obstetrical/gynecological conditions,486
renal/urological disorders,232
substance use disorders,760, 765, 766, 775
pharmacokinetics,22Clopidogrel,296
Clorazepate,22, 273, 651
Clozapineadverse effectsagranulocytosis,399
blood dyscrasias,90–93,
91cardiovascular,71, 75–76, 281–282, 283–284
cutaneous,594, 595
endocrine/metabolic,98–99, 101, 455, 456, 458
gastrointestinal,83, 160, 172,
188, 190, 196, 197
neurological,52, 61, 66–67, 416
alternative routes of administration,130, 133
dosing information,180,
236drug interactionsantimicrobials,535,
537,
541,
543chemotherapy drugs,372
dermatological medications,601neurological medications,422,
427obstetrical/gynecological medications,509–510
pain management,735
rheumatological medications,626,
627indicationsCNS disorders,399, 410, 412
infectious diseases,553
renal/urological disorders,232
metabolism of,559
off-label use,410
pharmacokinetics,22, 24–25
precautions and contraindicationsCNS disorders,399–400, 405, 414, 418–419
in critical care and perioperative settings,648, 650
gastrointestinal disorders,162
infectious diseases,552, 553
obstetrical/gynecological conditions,501
respiratory disorders,318
toxicity,190
smoking and,316
CNS lupus,626
CNS posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorder,697
CNS tuberculosis,528
Cobicistat,47,
544Cobimetinib,46Cocaine,62, 100
Cocaine use disorder,781–782
Cockcroft-Gault estimation of creatinine clearance,23
Codeine,18, 20,
22,
44,
535, 728, 737
Codeine-containing analgesics,724, 728
Cognitive deficitsas adverse effect ofchemotherapy,354, 358
corticosteroid-induced,461
hormone replacement therapy,463
psychotropics,419
cancer-related,351, 357–358
CNS disordersAlzheimer’s disease,394–395
dementia,399, 400
epilepsy,412
multiple sclerosis,406
Parkinson’s disease,408
stroke,401
traumatic brain injury,403
endocrine/metabolic disorders and,446, 447
gastrointestinal disorders and,171
infectious diseases and,527, 549
obstetrical/gynecological conditions and,482, 486
renal/urological disorders and,231
respiratory disorders and,310–311
Cognitive enhancersadverse effects,287–288, 320
drug interactions,424indications,323, 325–326
pharmacokinetics,32Colitis,171–173,
172, 197
Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS),720–722
Concentration-response relationship,4–6,
7Congestive heart failure,271–273, 280, 285
Conivaptan,232,
246, 247,
254Consensus Statement on Preoperative Management of Medications for Psychiatric Diseases (Society for Perioperative Assessment and Quality Improvement),648
Constipation,175, 197,
199Continuous sedation agents,661
Conversion symptoms,581
COPD. See Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseaseCoronavirus SARS-CoV-2 disease (COVID-19),66, 311, 315, 326, 556–558, 643–644
Corticosteroidsadverse psychiatric effects,199,
313, 314, 407,
460, 461–462, 596–597,
624drug interactions,205,
207–
208, 358, 603, 698,
699–
700, 701
indicationsCNS disorders,407
in critical care and perioperative settings,646–647
endocrine/metabolic disorders,446, 461
gastrointestinal disorders,168, 169,
199infectious diseases,558–559
pain management,721
post–organ transplantation,696, 698
respiratory disorders,314
rheumatological disorders,623
precautions and contraindications,528
withdrawal syndrome,462
Coumarin,92
COVID-19 (coronavirus SARS-CoV-2) infection,66, 311, 315, 326, 556–558, 643–644
COX inhibitors,726, 731, 735
CPS (Child-Pugh score),21, 177–178,
178Creatinine clearance,21–23, 177, 233, 681
“Creeping creatinine,”250
CRF (cancer-related fatigue),346, 351, 352–354, 357–358
Critical care and surgery settings,631–663
about,631–632
adverse psychiatric effects of drugs in,654–656,
655anxiety and posttraumatic stress in,645–647
catatonia,644–645
delirium,632–644,
638drug interactions in,656,
657–
660, 661–663
key points,663–664
perioperative psychotropics,647–650
preoperative anxiety,650–654
Crizotinib,364,
365,
367Crohn’s disease,172–173
CRPS (complex regional pain syndrome),720–722
Cruciferous vegetables,47Cushing’s disease/syndrome,442,
442Cutaneous dysesthesias,589–590
Cutaneous symptoms. See Dermatological disordersCWS (cannabis withdrawal syndrome),783–784
Cyclic vomiting syndrome,167, 169
Cyclodextrin,140
Cyclooxygenase isoenzyme 2 (COX-2) inhibitors,726, 735
Cyclophosphamide,371, 373–374, 623,
624Cycloserine,312, 313,
529Cyclosporineadverse psychiatric effects,201, 600,
624, 695–696,
696drug interactionsdermatological medications,601, 603
gastrointestinal medications,203organ transplantation,687, 691, 698, 699,
699,
700, 702
indications,402
pharmacokinetics,20
CYP (cytochrome P450) enzyme systemgastrointestinal disorders and,170–171,
180genetic variation,19–20, 58, 233, 458, 599
infectious diseases and,550
metabolism overview,11, 12,
18, 19–20,
22other pharmacokinetic interactions,46–
48antimicrobials,328,
534–
546, 554–558, 559–560, 599
antivirals,186cardiovascular medications,278,
290–
294chemotherapy drugs,363,
365–
371, 371–372, 373–375
in critical care and perioperative settings,643,
658–
659, 661–662
dermatological medications,601–
602, 603
endocrine/metabolic medications,465–
466,
468gastrointestinal medications,202–
207immunosuppressants,684–685, 687–689, 692, 694–695, 698–702,
699–
701neurological medications,415, 422,
423–
426obstetrical/gynecological medications,509, 588
overview,24–25, 27–28, 30
pain medications,735, 737,
737renal/urological medications,254–
257, 258–259
respiratory medications,328, 329
rheumatological medications,627substance use disorders and,761, 763, 773, 778, 779,
792–
793psychotropic-pharmacokinetic interactions antidepressants,207,
255–
256, 278,
292–
293, 296, 349,
368–
370,
425–
426,
465,
509antiepileptic drugs,509antipsychotics,180,
509anxiolytics and sedative-hypnotics,181–
182mood stabilizers,208,
257,
294, 296,
426,
466overview,20, 24–25, 27–28, 30,
41–
45psychostimulants,209,
509renal disorders and,233, 258–259
respiratory disorders and,315
smoking and,316, 327
Cyproheptadine,64, 167
Cyproterone,415
Cystic fibrosis,308, 309, 315–316, 326, 679
Cytarabine (cytosine arabinoside),359Cytochrome P450. See CYP enzyme systemCytomegalovirus,555–556
Dacarbazine,371, 373–374
Dantrolene,64
Dapsone,530Darbepoetin,353
Darifenacin,246,
246,
253Darunavir,541, 773
Dasabuvir,200,
206Dasatinib,371, 373
Daunorubicin,364Dehydroepiandrosterone,549, 550
Delavirdine,47,
531,
538Delayed graft function (DGF),279, 677
Deliriumabout,632–633
as adverse effect of cardiovascular medications,269
chemotherapy drugs,358–363
psychotropics,419
anticholinergic delirium,644
antimicrobials and,559
cardiovascular disorder comorbidity,273–275, 281
corticosteroid-induced,461
in critical care and surgery settings,632–644,
638endocrine/metabolic disorder comorbidity,442, 446
infectious disease comorbidity,528, 533, 554, 557–558, 643–644
posttransplant organ rejection,677
prevention trials,633–638,
638, 654
renal disorder comorbidity,230–231
respiratory medication side effect,314
substance use disorder comorbidity,765
treatment studies,638–643
Delirium tremens,755
Deltibant,403
Delusional disorder, somatic type (delusional infestation),576–578
Delusional memories,645
Delusions,399, 528
Demeclocycline,89–90, 232
Dementiaas adverse effect of gynecological medications,506
Alzheimer’s disease,394–399
cerebrovascular events and,65
dementia with Lewy bodies,60–61, 399–400, 408
frontotemporal dementia,400
HIV/AIDS comorbidity,533
neurosyphilis comorbidity,527
pseudobulbar affect and,415
treatment,127–
128, 130, 132, 133, 144–145,
183, 186
vascular dementia,65, 287–288, 401
Dementia-related psychosis,55, 65–66
Denileukin,364, 375
Depression.
See also Antidepressants
as adverse effect ofantivirals,185–186, 559
corticosteroids,462
hormone replacement therapy,463
cancer and,346, 348–351, 358
cardiovascular disorders and,268–269, 271, 275–281, 286–287
CNS disorders anddementia,397–398
epilepsy,412–413
Huntington’s disease,411
multiple sclerosis,406–407
Parkinson’s disease,409
stroke,401–402
traumatic brain injury,404
dermatological disorders and,581–590, 597–598
endocrine/metabolic disorders and,442, 443–449
infectious diseases and,527, 533, 547–550, 555
obstetrical/gynecological conditions and,480, 482–487, 493, 504–506
organ transplantation and,679, 681
pain and,716
renal/urological disorders and,230, 242
respiratory disorders and,309–310, 313
rheumatological disorders and,621–623
Depressive phenomena of dementia,397–398
Dermatitis artefacta,579, 580
Dermatological disorders,573–603
about,573–574
adverse cutaneous effects of psychotropics,591–596
adverse psychiatric effects of medications for,596–600
classification,574–576
drug interactions,600–603,
601–
602key points,604–605
psychiatric symptoms in patients with,576–590
Desflurane,655,
657Desipramineadverse effects,71, 242
indicationscancer,349
CNS disorders,406, 409
dermatological disorders,589, 590
gastrointestinal disorders,175
obstetrical/gynecological conditions,496
post–organ transplantation,686
pharmacokinetics,22,
31,
41Desvenlafaxineadverse effects,187dosing information,179,
234drug interactionschemotherapy drugs,365,
366, 371, 373
neurological medications,425obstetrical/gynecological medications,507
indications,486, 685, 732
pharmacokinetics,31,
41precautions and contraindications,685
Deutetrabenazineadverse effects,189,
248, 418
dosing information,183,
240pharmacokinetics,20, 26,
45Dexamethasone,199, 314
Dexanabinol,402
Dexmedetomidinedrug interactions,658, 661–662,
792indicationsin critical care and perioperative settings,636–637, 640, 653
respiratory disorders,321
substance use disorders,760, 765, 766
pharmacology,642–643
Dexmedetomidine to Lessen ICU Agitation study,640
Dextroamphetaminealternative routes of administration,132, 144
dosing information,239indications,351, 403, 583, 687–688
pharmacokinetics,32precautions and contraindications,419
Dextromethorphandrug interactions,62,
367, 372,
424, 735–737,
736indications,396–397, 415
recreational use of,784, 788–789
DGF (delayed graft function),279, 677
Diabetes.
See also Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus
about,443
diabetes insipidus,232
gestational,497
ketoacidosis,95, 97–99
nephrogenic diabetes insipidus,84, 87–88, 249, 454–455
peripheral neuropathy pain,719, 732–733
polyneuropathy,732
psychiatric symptoms in patients with,442, 443–446
Dialysis. See Hemodialysis; Peritoneal dialysisDiarrhea,171–172, 175, 190,
199,
202Diazepamadverse effects,79, 595
alternative routes of administration,132–133, 134–136
dosing information,181, 272
drug interactions,603
indications,561, 759, 767
pharmacokinetics,22, 27,
44Dichlorphenamide,258
Dicyclomine,200,
203Didanosine,530Digoxin,269,
270,
291, 296
DILI. See Drug-induced liver injuryDILIN (Drug-Induced Liver Injury Network),78–79
Diltiazem,73,
291, 295
Dimenhydrinate,199,
204Dimethyl fumarate,406
Dimethyltryptamine,784
Dinutuximab,360, 363, 375
Diphenhydramineadverse effectscardiovascular,72
gastrointestinal,189obstetrical/gynecological,494
psychiatric,199, 598–599, 644
alternative routes of administration,140
drug interactions,204,
602, 603
indications,160, 551
pharmacodynamics,29–30
pharmacokinetics,22Diphenoxylate,175,
199Discontinuation syndrome,684
Disopyramide,290, 296
Dissociation states,580, 581
Disulfiramadverse effects,188,
791dosing information,184,
240drug interactions,792indications,767–768, 782
precautions and contraindications,694, 770
Diureticsadverse effects,73,
246, 247, 257–258, 269–270,
270drug interactions,252–
253, 258, 259,
291, 295
indications,273
pharmacokinetics,28
Divalproex,528, 580, 594
DLB (dementia with Lewy bodies),60–61, 399–400, 408
Dobutamine,655, 656,
659, 662
Dolasetron,199,
204Dolutegravir,532,
544Domperidone,199,
204, 505–506,
508, 510
Donepeziladverse effects,287–288, 358,
421, 625–626
alternative routes of administration,130, 132
dosing information,183,
238, 244
drug interactions,296,
424indicationscancer,351, 354
CNS disorders,395–396, 399, 401, 408, 410
in critical care and perioperative settings,636
infectious diseases,528
respiratory disorders,325–326
pharmacokinetics,22,
32Dopamineadverse effects,655, 656
drug interactions,659, 662
Dopamine agonistsadverse effects,59–60, 419–421,
420,
460, 464, 494
dosing information,239–
240, 245
drug interactions,422
indications,245, 403, 408–409, 459, 482
precautions and contraindications,399, 415
Dopamine antagonists,52, 57–58, 482, 505–506
Doxazosin,246, 247
Doxepinadverse effects,444, 501
alternative routes of administration,132, 133, 137–139
drug interactions,601, 603
indications,576, 581, 582–583, 586, 590
pharmacokinetics,22,
31,
41precautions and contraindications,581
Doxycycline,329, 527
Doxylamine,482
DRESS (drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms),591, 593, 594–595
Droperidoladverse effects,199, 282
alternative routes of administration,141
drug interactions,204Drospirenone,484–485
Drug administration. See Alternative routes of administrationDrug hypersensitivity vasculitis,595
Drug-induced heatstroke,95Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) about,76–78,
77antidepressant drugs,81–82
antiepileptic drugs,78–81
hepatitis and hepatic dysfunction or failure,192–195
idiosyncratic,76–78
Drug-Induced Liver Injury Network (DILIN),78–79
Drug-induced lupus,625–626
Drug-induced pigmentation,592
Drug interactions, principles ofabout,23–24, 30
foods and herbals with pharmacokinetic interactions,47–
48key points,33
medications with pharmacokinetic interactions,46–
47pharmacodynamic drug interactions,4, 23, 29–30
pharmacokinetic drug interactions,23, 24–29,
31–
33,
41–
45websites with drug-drug interaction checking software,49Drug reactions (severe),51–102.
See also specific drugsabout,51–52
cardiovascular,67–76,
68–
69gastrointestinal,76–83,
77hematological,90–93,
91key points,102
metabolic and whole-body,94–102,
95–
96neurological,52,
53–
56, 57–67
renal,83–90,
84–
85Drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS),591, 593, 594–595
Drug-receptor interactions,6
Dry mouth (xerostomia),158, 159, 160
Duloxetineadverse effectscardiovascular,279–280
cutaneous,593, 595
gastrointestinal,172,
187, 192–193
obstetrical/gynecological,495
renal/urological,248respiratory,316
alternative routes of administration,133–134
dosing information,171,
179,
234drug interactionscardiovascular medications,292chemotherapy drugs,370, 374
in critical care and perioperative settings,659gastrointestinal medications,207obstetrical/gynecological medications,509renal/urological medications,256respiratory medications,327
indicationscardiovascular disorders,72
CNS disorders,402
dermatological disorders,589
endocrine/metabolic disorders,445
gastrointestinal,173
pain management,445, 719, 725, 726, 732
post–organ transplantation,685
pharmacokinetics,30,
41precautions and contraindications,445, 685
smoking and,316
Dumping syndrome,170
Dutasteride,246, 247
Dysesthesias (cutaneous),589–590
Dyskinesia-hyperpyrexia syndrome,53, 60
Dyspepsia,163–164
Dysphagia,159–160
Dyspnea,318, 327
Dystonia,319, 553
Eating disorders,283, 480, 481, 483, 484
Ebstein’s anomaly,498
E-cigarettes,780–781
Ecstasy (MDMA;“molly”),63, 100, 561, 785–786, 788
Eczema (atopic dermatitis),574, 582–583
Efavirenzadverse effects,531, 547, 551, 554–555, 559
drug interactions,538–
539, 773
eGFR (estimated GFR),23
Elbasvir,200Electroconvulsive therapy,490, 493, 528, 580, 623
Eletriptan,736Elexacaftor/tezacaftor/ivacaftor (trikafta),329
Eluxadoline,201Elvitegravir,532,
544Emotional pain,714–715
Empagliflozin,270
Emtricitabine,530Enalapril,232
Enasidenib,367Encephalopathydrug-induced,54, 61–62
endocrine disorders and,446, 448
hepatic,177, 184, 754
hyperammonemic,77, 80–81
leukoencephalopathy,789
posterior reversible leukoencephalopathy syndrome,696–697
Wernicke’s,757–758
Encorafenib,364Endocrine and metabolic disorders,441–468
about,441–442
adverse endocrine/metabolic effects of psychotropics,442, 451–459,
451,
457adverse psychiatric effects of medications for,459–464,
460antidiuretic hormone,449
diabetes mellitus,443–446, 454–455
drug interactions,464,
465–
468drug reactions (severe),94–102,
95–
96hyperprolactinemia,456–459.
See also Hyperprolactinemia
hypogonadal disorders,449–450, 547, 549
key points,464, 468
metabolic syndrome,282, 455–456,
457, 553, 585–586
pheochromocytoma,449
psychiatric symptoms in patients with,442reproductive endocrine disorders,449
thyroid disorders,446–449, 452–454
viral infections and,547
Endoxifen,374
End-stage organ failure,681
End-stage renal disease (ESRD),230, 231, 232–233, 250–251.
See also Renal and urological disorders
Enemas,131–132
Enflurane,655,
657Enfuvirtide,532Enoxacin,537Entacapone,420Entrectinib,364Eosinophilic pneumonia,316
Ephedrine,314
Epilepsy,66, 412–414
Epinephrine,313, 314,
655,
659, 662
Eplerenone,253, 258
Epocrates,24,
49EPS (extrapyramidal symptoms),248, 399, 416–418, 506, 553
Epstein-Barr virus,555–556, 593
Eptinezumab,723–724
Ergotamine,724
Eribulin,364Erlotinib,373
Erwinia (recombinant),359Erythema multiforme,593, 594
Erythromycin,46, 72–73,
530,
536–
537, 560,
601, 603
Erythropoietin,353
Escitalopramadverse effects,275–277
alternative routes of administration,130, 133
drug interactions,374, 683
indicationscardiovascular disorders,279, 280
CNS disorders,406, 414
in critical care and perioperative settings,646
dermatological disorders,589
endocrine/metabolic disorders,445
infectious diseases,548
obstetrical/gynecological conditions,486
post–organ transplantation,683
respiratory disorders,320
pharmacokinetics,28,
31,
41precautions and contraindications,406
Esketamineadverse effects,187,
248, 317
alternative routes of administration,132, 137, 138
dosing information,179,
235indications,72
pharmacokinetics,41precautions and contraindications,686–687
Esomeprazole,201,
202Esophageal and gastric disordersabout,160–161
gastroparesis,165–166
nausea and vomiting,166–170
nonulcer (functional) dyspepsia,163–164
peptic ulcer disease,164–165,
202reflux disease and noncardiac chest pain,161–163,
202ESRD (end-stage renal disease),230, 231, 232–233, 250–251.
See also Renal and urological disorders
Estazolam,592
Estimated GFR (eGFR),23, 250
Estradiol,486, 507,
508, 509–510
Estrogen receptor modulators,504Estrogen therapy,415, 486, 506, 507
Eszopicloneadverse effects,187, 501, 592, 594
dosing information,182,
237indications,486, 555
pharmacokinetics,32Etanercept,402,
624Etesevimab,558
Ethacrynic acid,258
Ethambutol,312, 313,
529Ethanol infusions,767
Ethionamide,529Ethopropazine,32Ethosuximide,22,
423Etomidate,655,
658, 661
Etoposide,364, 375
Etravirine,47,
531Everolimus,46,
696, 697, 698,
699Exanthematous rashes,591
Excoriation (skin picking) disorder,574, 575, 579–580, 587–588
Excretion of drugs,16–17,
18, 21–23
Exemestane,362
Exertional heatstroke,95, 97
Exfoliative dermatitis,593, 595
Extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS),248, 399, 416–418, 506, 553
Famotidine,598–599
Fatiguecancer and,346, 351, 352–354, 357–358
CNS disorders and,406–407, 410, 549
chronic fatigue syndrome,555
endocrine/metabolic disorders and,442, 447
infectious diseases and,556, 557
obstetrical/gynecological conditions and,482
Fear conditioning,646
Fears, pain and,716–717
Fecal incontinence,174–175
Felbamate,422,
423Fentanylabout,728–729
drug interactions,62,
365,
366,
367, 371, 372, 735–737,
736indications,653
overdoses,751
pharmacokinetics,22,
44Fenugreek,505–506
Fertility issues,480, 483, 495
Fesoterodine,246,
246Fetus. See Pregnancy and postpartumFibromyalgia (mixed pain),714, 716–717, 724–725, 733
Finasteride,246, 247, 600
Fingolimod,406
Fluconazole,46,
545, 603
Flumazenil,22, 67, 753–754,
791,
793Flunarizine,723
Flunitrazepam,22, 135
Fluoroquinolones,328,
529, 560
5-Fluorouracil,365Fluoxetineadverse effectscutaneous,594
obstetrical/gynecological,495, 496, 501
respiratory,316–317
alternative routes of administration,133, 139
dosing information,178
drug interactionscardiovascular medications,292, 296
chemotherapy drugs,369,
370, 373, 374
dermatological medications,602, 603
endocrine medications,465gastrointestinal medications,207neurological medications,425obstetrical/gynecological medications,509pain medications,735, 737
post–organ transplantation,698–699
renal/urological agents,255, 258
indicationscancer,348–349
CNS disorders,402, 409
dermatological disorders,579, 587
endocrine/metabolic disorders,445
infectious diseases,548
post–organ transplantation,699
respiratory disorders,326
pharmacokinetics,22, 30,
41precautions and contraindications,349
Flupenthixol,139
Fluphenazine,43, 129, 133, 139, 141
Fluphenazine decanoate,129
Flurazepam,22,
181, 273
Fluvastatin,291Fluvoxaminedrug interactionscardiovascular medications,292, 296
chemotherapy drugs,369–
370, 373, 374
dermatological medications,603
endocrine medications,465gastrointestinal medications,207neurological medications,425pain medications,737
post–organ transplantation,699, 701,
701respiratory medications,327, 329
indications,326, 557, 590, 719
pharmacokinetics,22, 28, 30,
42precautions and contraindications,349, 684
smoking and,316
Folate deficiency,654
Folate supplementation,498
Folie à deux,577
Forced normalization,413
Formoterol,312Fosamprenavir,531,
542Foscarnet,532Fosnetupitant,199,
205Fosphenytoin,370, 422,
423Framingham approach,642
Fridericia’s formula,285, 642
Frontotemporal dementia (FTD),400
Frovatriptan,736Functional heartburn,163–164
Functional respiratory disorders,308Fungal infections. See AntifungalsFurosemide,258,
291, 296
Fusion inhibitors,532Gabapentinadverse effectscutaneous,592, 594, 595, 596
gastrointestinal,78, 159
obstetrical/gynecological,494
psychiatric,420dosing informationcardiovascular disorders,273
gastrointestinal disorders,182, 184
post–organ transplantation,692
renal disorders,237,
241, 244, 733
drug interactions,365,
366, 373
indicationsin critical care and perioperative settings,646, 651, 652, 653
dermatological disorders,590
gastrointestinal disorders,168
infectious diseases,552
pain management,718–719, 720, 722, 725, 731, 733, 734–735
post–organ transplantation,692
restless legs syndrome,482
sexual disinhibition,415
substance use disorders,760, 763, 770, 771
pharmacokinetics,10,
18precautions and contraindications,731
recreational use of,788
GABHS (group A β-hemolytic streptococci),526
Galactagogues,504, 505–506
Galactorrhea,458
Galantamineadverse effects,287–288,
421alternative routes of administration,133
dosing information,183,
238, 244
drug interactions,296,
424indications,395–396, 401, 410
pharmacokinetics,32Ganciclovir,532Gastric bypass surgery,170–171,
172Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD),161
Gastrointestinal disorders,157–209
about,157
adverse gastrointestinal effects of psychotropics,77,
187–
190constipation,191, 730
diarrhea,190
liver injury,76–82, 192–195
nausea and vomiting,186, 190, 730
pancreatitis,38, 83, 195–197
toxicity,197
upper gastrointestinal bleeding,191–192
adverse psychiatric effects of medications for,198,
199–
201drug interactions,198,
202–
209drug reactions (severe),76–83,
77esophageal and gastric disorders,160–170
intestinal disorders,170–175,
172key points,209–210
liver disorders,175–178,
178–
184, 184–186, 192–195
oropharyngeal disorders,158–160
pharmacokinetics and,21
rheumatological-psychotropic drug interactions,626
Gastroparesis,165–166
Gefitinib,373
Gemfibrozil,291Gemtuzumab,364Gene-drug interactions,19–21, 58, 233, 458, 599
Gepirone,42GERD (gastroesophageal reflux disease),161
Gestational diabetes,497
Gilteritinib,364Glasdegib,364Glatiramer acetate,406
Glomerular filtration rate, estimated (eGFR),23
Glucocorticoids,205, 314, 461, 698, 701
α-Glucosidase inhibitors,460Gluten,171, 172
Glycopyrrolate,200,
203Golimumab,201,
203,
624Gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists,485,
504, 505
Gonadotropins,504Goserelin,504Granisetron,199,
204Grapefruit juice,47, 73
Graves’ disease (autoimmune thyroiditis),448, 547
Grazoprevir,200Group A β-hemolytic streptococci (GABHS),526
Growth hormone (somatotropin),442,
460, 463,
468Growth hormone–inhibiting hormones,460, 463
Growth hormone inhibitors,468Guanfacineadverse effects,420dosing information,240drug interactions,792indications,760, 765–766
Gynecology. See Obstetrics and gynecologyHair loss,587, 592–593
Hair-pulling disorder (trichotillomania),574, 575, 578–579, 580, 587
Hallucinationsas adverse effect,269, 313–314, 599
CNS disorders and,399
infectious diseases and,528
renal disorders and,230–231
Hallucinogens,100, 784–785
“Halo hives” (adrenergic urticaria),586–587
Haloperidoladverse effectscardiovascular,70, 282, 641–642
cutaneous,593, 595
endocrine/metabolic,458
gastrointestinal,83, 160
neurological,61, 416, 553
alternative routes of administration,120, 129, 133, 139–142
dosing information,181,
236drug interactions,537,
601indicationscardiovascular disorders,285
CNS disorders,414
in critical care and perioperative settings,634–635, 638–641
dermatological disorders,578
gastrointestinal disorders,169
infectious diseases,528, 553, 554
pain management,734
post–organ transplantation,689–690, 698
substance withdrawal management,766
off-label use,120, 140–141, 285
pharmacokinetics,22,
43precautions and contraindications,637, 641–642, 690
Halothane,655, 656,
657Harvoni,200HD (Huntington’s disease),410–412
Headache,723–724, 733–734
Heart block,68Heartburn,161–163,
202Heart failure,271–273,
272, 278–279, 280, 285
Heart transplant. See Organ transplantationHeatstroke,94–97,
95Hematological drug effects,90–93,
91Hemodialysisdialyzable psychotropic drugs,241drug clearance and,233
drug-induced liver injury treatment,81
lithium and,244
psychiatric symptoms associated with,230, 231, 242, 243–244
Hemorrhage, postpartum,496
Heparin,296
Hepatic disease. See Liver disordersHepatic encephalopathy,177, 184, 758
Hepatic insufficiency,176,
179–
184Hepatitis,185–186, 192–195,
200Hepatotoxicity,76–82,
77, 192–195
Heroin,751
Herpes simplex encephalitis (HSE),556
Herpesviruses,556, 593, 718–719
Hidradenitis suppurativa (acne inversa),588–589
Histamine H2-receptor antagonists,200Histrelin,504HIV/AIDS,25, 528, 533, 547–555, 593, 638
HIV-associated adipose redistribution syndrome,463
Homoharringtonine,364HOPE-ICU study,638–639
Hormonal contraceptives (oral contraceptives),20, 484–485, 504,
504, 507, 509–510, 520, 588
Hormone replacement therapy (HRT)adverse effects,460, 463, 486, 506, 549–550
indications,449–450, 482, 549–550
overview,506–507
5-HT3 antagonists,204Huntington’s disease (HD),410–412
Hydrochlorothiazide,246, 289
Hydrocodone,22,
44, 728
Hydrocortisone,646–647
Hydroflumethiazide,246Hydromorphone,22, 728, 731
Hydroxychloroquine,527, 558,
624, 625, 626,
627Hydroxyzine,488, 551, 598–599,
602, 603, 652
Hyoscyamine,203Hyperactive delirium,632, 638
Hyperammonemia,80, 184
Hyperammonemic encephalopathy,77, 80–81
Hyperemesis,482
Hyperemesis gravidarum,167–168
Hyperhidrosis,596
Hypernatremia,249
Hyperparathyroidism,442, 448–449, 453–454
Hyperprolactinemiaas adverse effect of psychotropics,354–355, 356–357,
451, 457–458,
467, 502–503
overview,456–459
psychiatric symptoms in patients with,442Hypertensive crisis,69, 73–74,
538, 753
Hyperthyroidism,442, 447–448, 453, 481
Hyperventilation syndrome,308Hypnotics. See Sedative-hypnotics; specific drugsHypnotic use disorder,771–772
Hypoactive delirium,632, 638
Hypoglycemic medications,459,
460Hypogonadism,442, 449–450, 547, 549
Hypokalemia,269
Hypomotility of intestines and colon,197
Hyponatremiaas adverse effect ofcardiovascular medications,269–270
psychotropics,85, 88–90,
248, 249, 286,
293–
294, 295
renal/urological medications,247,
252psychiatric symptoms in patients with,247
substance use and,232, 764, 786
treatment,89–90, 232
Hypotension,252, 259
Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis dysfunction,547
Hypothyroidism,269,
442, 446–447, 452–453, 481, 547
Hysterectomy,482
IBDs. See Inflammatory bowel diseasesIBS. See Irritable bowel syndromeIbuprofen,736.
See also Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
Ibutilide,289,
293ICU. See Critical care and surgery settingsIdarubicin,364Idelalisib,365Idiosyncratic drug-induced liver injury (DILI),76–78
Ifosfamide,359, 360–361,
365,
371, 372, 373–374, 375
Iloperidoneadverse effects,71, 282, 416
dosing information,25,
180,
236drug interactionschemotherapy drugs,364,
365,
366,
367, 371, 372, 375
in critical care and perioperative settings,659gastrointestinal medications,208obstetrical/gynecological medications,509, 510
renal/urological medications,256rheumatological medications,627pharmacokinetics,25,
43Imatinib,365, 371, 373
Imdevimab,558
Imipenem,529Imipramineadverse effects,82, 444
alternative routes of administration,137–138
drug interactions,259,
601, 603
indications,548, 587
pharmacokinetics,22, 28, 29,
31,
42precautions and contraindications,178
Immune checkpoint inhibitor,360Immunoglobulin,624Immunosuppressantsadherence challenges,678, 679
adverse effects,682
dosing information,680
drug interactions,683
indications,676, 679
pharmacokinetics,684–685, 687–689, 692, 694–695, 698–702,
699–
701precautions and contraindications,677, 679
Incontinence,174–175
Indapamide,246,
252Indiana University School of Medicine, Department of Medicine: Drug Interactions,49Indinavir,47, 73,
531,
542, 560
Inducers,24–25, 27–28
Infants. See Pregnancy and postpartumInfectious diseases,525–561
about,525
adverse psychiatric effects of medications for,529–
533bacterial infections,526–528,
529–
530depression,527
drug interactions,534–
546, 559–561, 593
key points,561
parasitic infections,558–559
viral infections (HIV/AIDS),25, 463, 528, 533, 547–555, 593, 638
viral infections (other than HIV),66, 311, 315, 555–558, 593, 643–644
Infertility,480, 483, 495, 505
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs),172–173,
203Infliximab,201,
203,
624Inhalants,788–789
Inhalational anesthetics,654,
655, 656,
657Inositol supplements,595
Inotuzumab,364Insomniaas adverse effect ofantivirals,559
cardiovascular medication,271
corticosteroid,461
respiratory medications,314
cardiovascular disorders and,275
dermatological disorders and,574
infectious diseases and,554–555
obstetrical/gynecological conditions and,482, 483, 485–486, 494
pain management and,718
renal disorders and,231
respiratory disorders and,310
Integrase inhibitors,532,
544–
545Interferonsadverse effects,185–186,
359, 361–362,
420, 421–422,
530, 547
drug interactions,366–
367, 372, 559, 684
indications,406
Interleukins,359, 361, 366,
366, 372
Interstitial lung disease,316–317
Intestinal disorders.
See also Gastrointestinal disorders
bariatric surgery,170–171,
172celiac disease and microscopic colitis,171–172,
172constipation,175
diarrhea,171–172, 175
incontinence,174–175
inflammatory bowel diseases,172–173,
203irritable bowel syndrome,173–174,
200–
201,
203Intestinal toxicity,197
Intoxication,750–754, 785
Intramuscular administration of drugs,122–
128, 129
Intranasal administration of drugs,122–
123,
127, 132–133
Intravenous administration of drugs,120,
122–
128, 129
Ipilimumab,360, 363
Ipratropium,329
Ipratropium bromide,313
Iproniazid,307
Irinotecan,373, 374
Iron deficiency,482, 494
Irritabilityas adverse effect of corticosteroids,461
CNS disorders and,402, 405
infectious diseases and,527
during menstrual cycle,480
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS),173–174,
200–
201,
203Ischemic colitis,197
Isocarboxazid,426Isoflurane,655,
657Isoniazid,312, 313, 329,
529,
534, 560
Isoproterenol,312,
655,
659, 662
Isosorbide,655,
660Isosorbide dinitrate,290, 296, 662–663
Isosorbide mononitrate,662–663
Isotretinoin,362, 588, 597–598
Isoxsuprine,725
Istradefylline,189Itraconazole,28,
46,
546,
601, 603
Ivabradine,270,
270Ivermectin,558
Ivosidenib,364Jaundice,194–195, 678, 683
Journaling,647
Kaolin,202Ketamineadverse effects,100,
274,
655alternative routes of administration,120, 132, 138
drug interactions,659, 687
indications,72, 646–647, 719, 722, 760, 761
intoxication,785
off-label use,120, 138
precautions and contraindications,686–687, 762
Ketoconazole,46, 73,
532,
546, 560,
601, 603
Kidneys.
See also Organ transplantation; Renal and urological disorders
drug-drug interaction affecting excretion,28–29
drug excretion,16–17,
18, 21–23
drug metabolism,20
Klüver-Bucy syndrome,556
Korsakoff’s amnestic syndrome,757–758
Kratom,786–787
Labetalol,781
β-Lactam antibiotics,527,
529Lactation,480–481, 499–502.
See also Pregnancy and postpartum
Lamivudine,530Lamotrigineadverse effectscutaneous,592, 593, 594, 595, 596
gastrointestinal,78–79, 81, 83,
189, 196
obstetrical/gynecological,492, 498, 500, 502
psychiatric,420renal/urological,248rheumatological,625
alternative routes of administration,130, 143
dosing informationcardiovascular disorders,286
gastrointestinal disorders,182obstetrical/gynecological conditions,237,
241, 481, 485, 493
drug interactions,367, 507,
509,
542, 735
indicationsCNS disorders,412, 413
dermatological disorders,579, 580
endocrine/metabolic disorders,462
infectious diseases,552
pain management,719, 720
substance use disorders,760
pharmacokinetics,18, 20,
22, 26,
41precautions and contraindications,552, 693, 733, 764
Lanreotide,460Lansoprazole,201,
202Lanthanum carbonate,253, 259
Lapatinib,364Larotrectinib,365Laryngeal dystonia,319
Lecanemab,144–145
Ledipasvir,200Leflunomide,624, 626
Left-sided heart failure,271–273,
272Lemborexantdosing information,181,
237indications,317, 325, 399, 693
pharmacokinetics,44Lenvatinib,364Leukoencephalopathy,789
Leukotriene inhibitors,313, 314,
328Leuprolide,415,
504Levalbuterol,312Levetiracetamadverse effectsgastrointestinal,79, 83, 196
neurological,412, 413,
420, 421
drug interactions,422
indications,167
pharmacokinetics,22Levodopaadverse effects,419–421,
420, 494
drug interactions,423indications,403, 482
precautions and contraindications,399
Levofloxacin,529, 603
Levomilnacipranadverse effects,187alternative routes of administration,133–134
dosing information,234indications,72, 685
pharmacokinetics,31,
42precautions and contraindications,685
Levonorgestrel,507,
508, 509–510
Levothyroxine,447
Lewy body dementia,60–61, 399–400, 408
Libido, loss of,482
Lidocaine,269, 719–720
Light therapy,592
Linezolid,26,
46, 62,
538, 560
α-Lipoic acid,158
Lisdexamfetamine,32,
239, 403
Lisinopril,295
Lithiumadverse effectscancer risks,356
cardiovascular,71,
274, 285–286, 498
cutaneous,592, 595, 596
endocrine/metabolic,447, 449,
451, 452–455
gastrointestinal,159, 186–190,
189neurological,54, 61–62,
417obstetrical/gynecological,485,
491, 498–499, 501–502
renal/urological,83–88,
84, 233, 242, 244,
248, 249–250
rheumatological,625
alternative routes of administration,133, 142
dosing informationcardiovascular disorders,273
gastrointestinal disorders,182obstetrical/gynecological conditions,481, 493
renal/urological disorders,238,
241, 244
drug interactionscardiovascular medications,295
chemotherapy drugs,364,
365,
366,
367, 372–373, 375
in critical care and perioperative settings,657,
659, 661
endocrine medications,466gastrointestinal medications,208neurological medications,422,
426obstetrical/gynecological medications,509, 510
organ transplantation,691, 702
pain management,735,
736rheumatological medications,627indicationsCNS disorders,402, 403, 405, 407
endocrine/metabolic disorders,448, 462
infectious diseases,551–552
respiratory disorders,326
pharmacokinetics,10,
18, 28
precautions and contraindicationsCNS disorders,413, 419
in critical care and perioperative settings,647–648, 650
gastrointestinal disorders,171, 184
infectious diseases,551, 552
obstetrical/gynecological conditions,493
organ transplantation,691, 702
renal/urological disorders,250–251, 258
respiratory disorders,315–316
Lithium-antipsychotic encephalopathy,54, 61–62
Lithium toxicity,61–62, 171, 190, 499, 501–502
Liverdrug bioavailability,11, 12
drug extraction,15–16
drug metabolism,17–23,
18,
22.
See also CYP enzyme system; UGT enzyme system
Liver disorders.
See also Organ transplantation
dosing information,176–178,
178–
184, 184–185
drug-induced liver injury,76–82,
77, 192–195
hepatitis,185–186, 192–195
jaundice,194–195, 678, 683
pharmacokinetics and,21, 175–176
Liver function tests,193
Lofexidineadverse effects,188dosing information,184,
240drug interactions,792indications,775
precautions and contraindications,776
“Long COVID,”557
Loop diuretics,252, 257–258, 259, 295
Loperamide,72, 175,
199Lopinavir,531,
542, 558
Lorazepamalternative routes of administration,130, 133, 134–135, 141
dosing information,181, 272
drug interactions,366, 507
indicationscancer,352
CNS disorders,398, 554
in critical care and perioperative settings,638, 651
infectious diseases,550–551, 554
organ transplantation,689
respiratory disorders,326
substance use disorders,759
pharmacokinetics,18, 20,
22,
44Lormetazepam,135
Lovastatin,291Loxapine,71, 133, 321, 323, 593, 596
LSD (lysergic acid diethylamide),784
l-Tryptophan,165
Lubiprostone,201Lumateperoneadverse effects,188, 416, 458
dosing information,180,
236pharmacokinetics,43precautions and contraindications,690
Lung transplant. See Organ transplantationLupus,623, 625–626
Lupuslike syndrome,625
Lurasidoneadverse effects,188, 416, 503
dosing information,180,
236indications,284
pharmacokinetics,10,
43Lyell’s syndrome (toxic epidermal necrolysis),81, 593–594
Lyme disease,527
Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD; acid),784
Macrolides,328,
530, 560,
601, 603
Magic mushrooms (psilocybin),784
Malignant hyperthermia,654, 656
Maniaas adverse effect ofobstetrical/gynecological medications,505
steroids,407, 461, 462
CNS disorders and,402, 404, 407, 411, 413
endocrine/metabolic disorders and,442, 448
infectious diseases and,533, 551–552
obstetrical/gynecological disorders and,493
Mannitol,258, 295
MAO. See Monoamine oxidaseMAOIs. See Monoamine oxidase inhibitorsMaprotilineadverse effects,67,
417, 595
alternative routes of administration,137–138
drug interactions,422,
544pharmacokinetics,31,
42precautions and contraindications,418–419
Maraviroc,532Mastectomy,722, 732
Mavyret,200MDMA (ecstasy,“molly”),63, 100, 561, 785–786, 788
Medication administration. See Alternative routes of administrationMedroxyprogesterone acetate,415
Meglitinides,460Melatoninadverse effects,321,
488indicationscancer,351
CNS disorders,399
in critical care and perioperative settings,651, 653–654
dermatological disorders,582, 589
gastrointestinal disorders,165
infectious diseases,557
respiratory disorders,323
precautions and contraindications,647
Memantineadverse effects,189, 288
dosing information,183,
238, 244, 273
drug interactions,259,
365,
366, 373
indications,244, 398, 401, 528
pharmacokinetics,29,
32precautions and contraindications,400, 412
Menopause,482–483, 485–486, 506, 589
Menstrual cycle,480, 483, 484–485
Meperidineabout,729
adverse effects,729
drug interactions,62,
365–
367, 372,
534,
538, 735–737,
736pharmacokinetics,22, 29,
44Mesalamine,201Mescaline,784
Metabolic disorders. See Endocrine and metabolic disordersMetabolic syndromedermatological disorders and,585–586
diagnosis,455
drug interactions,553
monitoring,456,
457psychotropic-induced,282, 455–456,
457Metabolism of drugs (general),10–12,
11, 17–23,
18,
22, 26–27.
See also CYP enzyme system; UGT enzyme system
Metaproterenol,312Methadoneabout,729–730
adverse effects,72,
188,
791dosing information,184,
240, 680, 729
drug interactionsanesthesia,650
antidepressants,736antimicrobials,535,
537,
539,
541antipsychotics,736chemotherapy drugs,365,
367, 371, 372
pain management,735–737
post–organ transplantation,694–695
psychotropics,793–
794renal/urological agents,259
substance withdrawal management,773
indications,288, 729–730, 772–773, 776–777
pharmacokinetics,22, 29,
44precautions and contraindications,650, 694–695, 718, 729, 776
Methamphetamines,33, 62, 133, 561, 781
Methazolamide,258
Methimazole,460,
460Methotrexate,365, 372,
624Methotrimeprazine,129, 141
Methoxyflurane,655,
657Methscopolamine,200,
203Methylene blue,62
3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA),63, 100, 561, 785–786, 788
Methylphenidateadverse effectscardiovascular,286
gastrointestinal,189obstetrical/gynecological,499, 502
respiratory,320
alternative routes of administration,130, 132, 133, 143–144
dosing information,183,
239, 245
drug interactions,427indicationscancer,351, 353–354, 357–358
CNS disorders,398, 403, 410, 412, 414
organ transplantation,687–688
pharmacokinetics,33precautions and contraindications,419
Metoclopramideadverse effectsmetabolic,458
neurological,52, 416
psychiatric,199,
504drug interactions,204,
205,
508, 510
indications,482, 505–506
Metolazone,246Metoprolol,44, 296, 723
Metronidazole,530Mexiletine,290, 735,
737Mianserin,348
Mibampator indications,398
Miconazole,546Micromedex,24,
49Microscopic colitis,171–172
Midazolamadverse effects,655alternative routes of administration,129, 130, 132, 133, 134–136
drug interactionsantimicrobials,535,
545in critical care and perioperative settings,658, 661
renal/urological agents,259
indications,646, 651, 652–654
off-label use,129
pharmacokinetics,22,
44Midostaurin,364Migraine,723–724, 733–734,
736Milnacipran,42, 72,
248, 732
Milrinone,655,
660, 662–663
MIND-USA study,639–640
Minocycline,599
Mirtazapineadverse effectsendocrine/metabolic,444
gastrointestinal,83,
187, 190, 196
neurological,416
obstetrical/gynecological,490, 495, 500, 501
respiratory,316
sexual,503
alternative routes of administration,130, 138, 139
dosing information,179,
235, 243
drug interactionsantimicrobials,544cardiovascular medications,289,
292, 684
chemotherapy drugs,374
in critical care and perioperative settings,658respiratory medications,327
rheumatological medications,627serotonin syndrome,422
indicationscancer,169, 350, 351
cardiovascular disorders,72, 279
CNS disorders,401, 410, 411
in critical care and perioperative settings,652
dermatological disorders,579–580, 583
gastrointestinal disorders,166, 168, 174
infectious diseases,548
obstetrical/gynecological conditions,482, 485–486
post–organ transplantation,684
respiratory disorders,324
pharmacokinetics,31,
42precautions and contraindications,682, 684
Miscarriage,483
Mitotane,365Mitoxantrone,364Mixed delirium,632
Moclobemidedrug interactionscardiovascular medications,292chemotherapy drugs,370, 374
in critical care and perioperative settings,662
gastrointestinal medications,207neurological medications,426obstetrical/gynecological medications,509pain medications,735
renal/urological medications,256indications,72, 585
pharmacokinetics,42, 74
Modafiniladverse effectscardiovascular,287
gastrointestinal,189obstetrical/gynecological,499
dosing information,183,
239drug interactionsantimicrobials,540chemotherapy drugs,368, 372, 374
gastrointestinal medications,209obstetrical/gynecological medications,507,
509organ transplantation,701, 702
renal/urological medications,257rheumatological medications,627indicationscancer,353–354, 358
CNS disorders,403, 407, 408, 410
infectious diseases,549
organ transplantation,688
respiratory disorders,325
substance use disorders,782
pharmacokinetics,22, 30,
45precautions and contraindications,688
Modification of Diet in Renal Disease equation,23
Molindone,43, 553
“Molly” (MDMA),63, 100, 561, 785–786, 788
Monoamine oxidase (MAO)hypertensive crises and,73–74
metabolism and,18other pharmacokinetic interactions,25,
46–
48,
534,
538psychotropic-pharmacokinetic interactions,25,
42,
45, 137
Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs)adverse effectsblood dyscrasias,91, 93
cardiovascular,73–74,
274, 280
cutaneous,596
gastrointestinal,81–82,
188metabolic,458
neurological,417psychiatric,420sexual,251, 503
alternative routes of administration,130, 137
dosing information,179,
235drug interactionsanesthesia,649
antimicrobials,540cardiovascular medications,293chemotherapy drugs,367, 375
in critical care and perioperative settings,656,
657,
659,
660, 662, 663
endocrine medications,465neurological medications,426obstetrical/gynecological medications,510
overview,25–26
pain medications,735–737
renal/urological medications,256serotonin syndrome,62, 63, 375
indications,400
pharmacokinetics,26
precautions and contraindicationsCNS disorders,399
in critical care and perioperative settings,648, 649
endocrine/metabolic disorders,449
organ transplantation,686
urological agents,258
Monoamine transporter 2 inhibitors,418
Monoclonal antibodies,360, 362–363, 558, 677, 679,
696, 697
Montelukast,313, 315
Mood stabilizers. See also specific drugsadverse effectscancer risk,356
cardiovascular,71,
274, 285–286
cutaneous,592, 595, 596
endocrinological and metabolic,451gastrointestinal,160, 186,
189neurological,417obstetrical/gynecological,491–
492, 498–499, 501–502
renal/urological,248respiratory,319
alternative routes of administration,126, 130, 133, 142–143
dosing information,182, 493
drug interactionscardiovascular medications,294endocrine medications,466gastrointestinal medications,208neurological medications,426renal/urological medications,257indicationsCNS disorders,396–397, 413
dermatological disorders,580–581, 586
obstetrical/gynecological conditions,481
organ transplantation,691–693
renal/urological disorders,244
respiratory disorders,323
rheumatological disorders,623
pharmacokinetics,41,
208,
257,
294, 296,
426,
466Morphineabout,728
dosing information,731
drug interactions,535, 737
indications,62, 646–647, 722
pharmacokinetics,18,
22,
45Moxetumomab,360Moxifloxacin,529, 603
Mucosal dysesthesias,589–590
Multiple sclerosis (MS),405–408, 415
Muromonab,697
Mushrooms (psilocybin),784
Mutism,314
Mycophenolate,679,
696Mycophenolate mofetil,624Mycophenolic acid,696Myocarditis,69, 75
“Myxedema madness,”442Nabilone,199,
205, 397
N-acetylcysteine (NAC),578, 579
Nafarelin,504Naldemedine,199Nalmefene,752, 769–770,
791Naloxegol,199Naloxoneabout,751
adverse effects,752–753,
791alternative routes of administration,130, 133
dosing information,240indications,722, 751
precautions and contraindications,752–753
routes of administration,752
Naltrexoneadverse effects,188,
791dosing information,184,
240drug interactions,650, 768,
794indicationscardiovascular disorders,288
dermatological disorders,579
substance use disorders,768–769, 770, 772, 776, 777
precautions and contraindications,650, 694, 770
Nandrolone,550
Naproxen,20,
736Naratriptan,736Narcolepsy,239, 404
Narcotic bowel syndrome,730
Nasogastric (NG) tube,133–134
Natalizumab,201, 406
Nausea and vomiting,166–170, 186, 190,
199–
200,
204–
206, 730
Naxitamab,360, 375
NCCP (noncardiac chest pain),161–163
NDI (nephrogenic diabetes insipidus),84, 87–88, 249, 454–455
Nefazodoneadverse effects,187, 192, 193, 495
dosing information,179,
235drug interactionscardiovascular medications,292, 296
chemotherapy drugs,374
dermatological medications,603
endocrine/metabolic medications,465gastrointestinal medications,207immunosuppressant medication,685
organ transplantation,699, 701,
701pain medications,737
renal/urological agents,255, 258
pharmacokinetics,42precautions and contraindications,685
Nelarabine,359Nelfinavir,47,
531,
542Neonatal abstinence syndrome,496
Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (NDI),84, 87–88, 249, 454–455
Nephropathy,250
Nephrotic syndrome,250
Nesiritide,655,
660, 662–663
Netupitant,199,
205Neural tube defects,498
Neuroborreliosis,527
Neurocysticercosis,558–559
Neurokinin 1 receptor antagonists,590
Neuroleptic (antipsychotic) hypersensitivity syndrome,54, 60–61
Neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS),52,
53, 57–58, 160, 656, 781
Neurological disorders. See CNS disordersNeuromuscular blockers,655,
657–
658, 661
Neuropathic painabout,714, 717, 731
central poststroke pain,719–720, 732
complex regional pain syndrome,720–722
diabetic peripheral neuropathy,719, 732–733
malignant pain,726
phantom limb pain,722–723, 733
postherpetic neuralgia,718–719, 732–733
spinal cord injury,719, 733
treatment,732–733
trigeminal neuralgia,720, 732–733, 734
Neurosyphilis,527–528
Neutropenia,90–92,
91Nevirapine,531,
539, 773
NG (nasogastric) tube,133–134
Nicotine replacement therapy (NRT),694, 778–779, 780,
791Nifedipine,291, 295
Nilotinib,364, 371, 373
Nirmatrelvir,558
Nitrazepam,22, 583
Nitrogen mustards,359Nitroglycerin,655, 656,
660, 662–663
Nitroprusside,655, 656,
660, 662–663
Nitrous oxide,654,
655,
657, 661, 788–789
Nivolumab,360Nizatidine,200NMS (neuroleptic malignant syndrome),52,
53, 57–58, 160, 656, 781
Nociceptive pain,714, 717, 725–726, 731
Nocturnal pruritus,580
Nodulocystic acne,588
Noncardiac chest pain (NCCP),161–163
Nonerosive reflux disease (NERD),161
Nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors,538–
540, 560
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) adverse effects,89,
624drug interactions,627, 735,
736indications,717, 721, 723, 725, 726
pharmacokinetics,20
Nonulcer (functional) dyspepsia,163–164
Norepinephrine,655,
659, 662
Norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (NRIs),656,
657, 661, 662
Norfloxacin,537Norfluoxetine,139, 698
Nortriptylineadverse effectscardiovascular,71
endocrine/metabolic,444
obstetrical/gynecological,500, 501
renal/urological,242
alternative routes of administration,133
drug interactions,545indicationscardiovascular disorders,275, 280
CNS disorders,409
dermatological disorders,589, 590
gastrointestinal disorders,166
obstetrical/gynecological conditions,496
organ transplantation,686
respiratory disorders,321
pharmacokinetics,22, 28,
31,
42NRIs (norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors),656,
657, 661, 662
NRT (nicotine replacement therapy),694, 778–779, 780,
791NSAIDS. See Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugsNucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors,530–
531Obeticholic acid,200Obinutuzumab,360Obsessive-compulsive disorders,574, 575, 578–580
Obstetrics and gynecology,479–510.
See also Pregnancy and postpartum
about,479
adverse effects of psychotropics,502–503, 752–753, 754
on fetus or infant,487,
488–
492, 493–502, 752–753, 754, 759
adverse psychiatric effects of medications and procedures for,503–507,
504breastfeeding,480–481, 499–502
differential diagnosis,480–483
drug interactions,507–510,
508–
509key points,510–511
menopause,482–483, 485–486, 506, 589
premenstrual mood symptoms,484–485
psychiatric disorders and,483–484
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA),310–311, 324–326, 574
Octreotide,460, 463,
468Ofatumumab,360Ofloxacin,529Olanzapineadverse effectscardiovascular,140, 281–282
cutaneous,593, 596
endocrine/metabolic,98–99, 101, 325, 455, 456, 458
gastrointestinal,83,
188, 190, 196, 197
neurological,65, 66, 416
obstetrical/gynecological,497, 501
sexual,503
alternative routes of administration,120, 129, 130–131, 133, 139, 140, 142
dosing information,180,
236drug interactionsantimicrobials,537,
543chemotherapy drugs,367, 372
dermatological medications,601gynecological medication,507
pain medications,735
indicationscancer,169
cardiovascular disorders,284–285
CNS disorders,398, 405
in critical care and perioperative settings,635, 639, 640
dermatological disorders,578, 583, 588
endocrine/metabolic disorders,407
gastrointestinal disorders,174
infectious diseases,554
organ transplantation,690
renal/urological disorders,232
substance use disorders,766
off-label use,120, 129
pharmacokinetics,10,
22, 24, 28,
43precautions and contraindicationscardiovascular disorders,140
CNS disorders,399–400, 410, 414
corticosteroids,462
in critical care and perioperative settings,650
gastrointestinal,178
smoking and,316
Olsalazine,201Ombitasvir,200Omeprazole,201,
202OnabotulinumtoxinA,723
Oncology,345–375
about,345–346
adverse psychiatric effects of medications for,357–363,
359–
360cancer risk factors,354–357, 463
differential diagnosis,346–347
drug interactions,363,
364–
371, 371–375, 486
HIV/AIDS and,533
indications for gastrointestinal medications,168–169
key points,376
pain management in,726, 734
psychotropic use in,347–354
Ondansetron,204, 482, 770, 782
Opioid-induced hyperalgesia,730–731
Opioidsabout,726–728
adverse effects,62,
85, 88–89, 317, 457, 730–731
chronic opioid therapy guidelines,727–728
clinically available opioids,727–730
dosing information,718, 726, 731
drug interactionsantidepressants,735–737,
736antipsychotics,736chemotherapy drugs,367in critical care and perioperative settings,658, 661
endocrine medications,467substance use disorder medications,768
indicationspain management,714, 717–718, 722, 726–731
respiratory disorders,327
restless legs syndrome,245
intoxication and overdoses,750–751
pharmacokinetics,28,
32,
44–
45precautions and contraindications,322–323, 648, 650, 727
withdrawal (OWS),752, 772–776
Opioid use disorder (OUD)about,730–731, 772
abstinence and craving,776–777
alternative routes of drug administration,127, 130
in critical care and perioperative settings,650
intoxication and overdoses,750–751
opioid withdrawal syndrome (OWS),752, 772–776
pain management and,714, 715, 718
social pain and,715
Opportunistic infections,528, 533
Oral administration of drugs,10,
11, 119–120,
121, 130–131.
See also Alternative routes of administration
Oral contraceptives,20, 484–485, 504,
504, 507, 509–510, 588
Oral inhalation administration of drugs,122, 133
Orexin agonist,693
Orexin antagonists,323, 399
Organ transplantation,675–703
about,675–676
adverse psychiatric effects of medications for,695–698,
699drug interactions,698–702,
699–
701general issues,678–680
key points,703–704
living organ donation issues,680–681
posttransplant organ functioning,676–677
posttransplant organ rejection,677–678
psychotropic medications in transplant recipientsantidepressants,682–687
antipsychotics,689–690
benzodiazepines,689
buspirone,689
mood stabilizers,691–693
overview,681–682
psychostimulants,687–688
sleep disorder medications,693
substance use disorder medications,693–695
Oropharyngeal disorders,158–160
OSA (obstructive sleep apnea),310–311, 324–326, 574
Osimertinib,364Osmotic diuretics,253, 258,
291, 295
Osteoarthritis (OA),621–623
OUD. See Opioid use disorderOvariectomy,482
Overactive bladder,245–246
Overdoses,750–751
Overlap syndrome,310
Oxandrolone,550
Oxazepamdosing information,181, 272
drug interactions,507
indications,398, 689, 759
pharmacokinetics,18, 20,
22,
43precautions and contraindications,759
Oxcarbazepineadverse effectsblood dyscrasias,91cardiovascular,71, 286
cutaneous,592, 593, 594, 595, 596
gastrointestinal,79,
189obstetrical/gynecological,492renal/urological,88,
248, 249
rheumatological,625
alternative routes of administration,143
dosing information,182,
238drug interactionscardiovascular medications,294chemotherapy drugs,368gastrointestinal medications,208obstetrical/gynecological medications,507,
509organ transplantation,701renal/urological medications,257indications,720, 760, 763, 764
pharmacokinetics,22,
41precautions and contraindications,186, 258, 692, 764
Oxybutynin,29–30, 246–247,
246,
253, 258
Oxycodone,45, 728, 737
Paclitaxel,373
Pain, Agitation/Sedation, Delirium, Immobility, and Sleep Disruption Guidelines (Society of Critical Care Medicine),637, 640–641
PainDETECT questionnaire,717
Pain management,713–737
about,713–714
acute pain,717–718
drug interactions,735–737,
736–
737fibromyalgia (mixed pain),714, 717, 724–725
headache,723–724, 733–734
key points,737–738
malignant pain,726
neuropathic pain,714, 717, 726, 731
nociceptive pain,714, 717, 725–726, 731
painDETECT questionnaire,717
postherpetic neuralgia,718–723
psychiatric comorbidity,714–717
in sickle cell disease,725
treatment,714, 726–735, 774–775
Paliperidoneadverse effects,416, 458
alternative routes of administration,139
dosing information,180,
236, 243, 273
drug interactionschemotherapy drugs,364,
365,
366,
367, 373, 375
in critical care and perioperative settings,659gastrointestinal medications,208obstetrical/gynecological medications,509, 510
renal/urological medications,256rheumatological medications,627pharmacokinetics,22, 28
precautions and contraindications,690
Palonosetron,199,
204,
205Pancreatitis,38,
77, 83, 195–197
Pancuronium,657, 661
PANDAS (pediatric autoimmune psychiatric disorders associated with streptococcal infections),526
Panic attacks and panic symptoms,268,
442, 449
Panobinostat,364Pantoprazole,201Paracetamol (acetaminophen),717, 723, 724, 725, 726, 731
Paralytic ileus,197
Paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis (PLE),347
Paranoia,399
Paraphilias,415, 421
Parasitic infections,558–559
Paritaprevir,200Parkinsonism,553
Parkinsonism-hyperpyrexia syndromes (PHS),53, 59–61
Parkinson’s disease (PD),59–61, 66, 408–410, 415
Paroxetineadverse effectscardiovascular,276
constipation,190
cutaneous,594
endocrine/metabolic,683
gastrointestinal,187obstetrical/gynecological,496, 501
alternative routes of administration,133
dosing information,234, 242, 243
drug interactionsantimicrobials,541,
542cardiovascular medications,293, 296
chemotherapy drugs,370, 374
dermatological medications,601,
602gastrointestinal medications,207obstetrical/gynecological medications,509pain medications,735
post–organ transplantation,698, 699
renal/urological medications,256indicationscancer,349
CNS disorders,406, 409
dermatological disorders,585, 587, 589, 590
post–organ transplantation,683–684, 699
pharmacokinetics,22, 30,
42precautions and contraindications,349, 682
Pathological onychophagia (nail biting),574, 575
Pathways Study,444–445
PCP (phencyclidine),100, 785
PD (Parkinson’s disease),59–61, 66, 408–410, 415
PDE5 (phosphodiesterase type 5) inhibitors,253–
257, 258, 259,
274, 289,
660, 663
Pediatric autoimmune psychiatric disorders associated with streptococcal infections (PANDAS),526
Pegaspargase,359Pegvisomant,460Pembrolizumab,360Penicillins,526, 527–528,
529Pentamidine,533, 603
Pentobarbital,592, 595
Peptic ulcer disease,164–165,
202Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) tube,133–134
Pergolide,408
Pericarditis,69, 75–76
Perimenopause,482, 484, 589
Peripheral neuropathy,445, 719, 732–733
Peritoneal dialysis,233,
241Perphenazine,43Persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN),496
Personality disorders,480
Pethidine,725
Peyote,784
P-glycoprotein (P-gp) efflux transport pumpblood-brain barrier and,13, 28
gastrointestinal disorders and,186
genetic variation and,21
metabolism overview,11, 12
other pharmacokinetic interactions,28,
46–
48, 258, 363,
366–
367,
699–
701, 700
psychotropic-pharmacokinetic interactions,28,
41–
45, 258, 363,
366–
367,
370,
700–
701Phantom limb pain,722–723
Pharmacodynamics, principles ofdefined,4
drug interactions,23–24, 29–30,
49key points,33
overview,4–6,
7–
9pharmacokinetics and,5Pharmacokinetics, principles of,9–29
absorption and bioavailability,9–12
defined,4, 9
distribution,13–16,
14–
15drug-drug interactions,23–29, 30,
49excretion,16–17,
18, 21–23
key points,30, 33
in liver disorders,21, 175–176
metabolism,10–12,
11, 17–23,
18,
22, 26–27
overview,9
pharmacodynamics and,5Phencyclidine (PCP),100, 785
Phenelzine,42, 82, 173,
426, 625, 662
Phenibut,787
Phenobarbitaladverse effects,592, 593, 595, 762
drug interactionsantimicrobials,560
chemotherapy drugs,370, 373, 374, 375
endocrine medications,466methadone,773
neurological medications,423respiratory medications,329
indications,760–761
pharmacokinetics,20,
44precautions and contraindications,318
suicide risk,421
Phenothiazinesadverse effects,70, 88, 197, 416, 458, 596
alternative routes of administration,142
drug interactions,289, 295, 296,
601, 603, 663
precautions and contraindications,318, 419
Phenylalanine,130
Phenylephrine,313, 314
Phenylketonuria,130
Phenylpropanolamine,313, 314
Phenytoinadverse effects,193, 593
dosing information,232–233
drug interactionsantimicrobials,534,
535,
539,
542,
545,
546, 560
cardiovascular medications,294chemotherapy drugs,365–
368,
370, 371, 373–375
endocrine medications,466gastrointestinal medications,208methadone,773
neurological medications,423obstetrical/gynecological medications,507,
509organ transplantation,701renal/urological medications,257indications,720
pharmacokinetics,15–16, 20,
22,
41precautions and contraindications,593–594
Pheochromocytoma,442, 449
Phobias,230
Phosphate binders,253Phosphenes,270
Phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitors,253–
257, 258, 259,
274, 289,
660, 663
Photosensitivity reactions,592, 596
PHS (parkinsonism-hyperpyrexia syndromes),53, 59–61
Physostigmine indications,644
Pigmentation, drug-induced,592
Pimavanserinadverse effects,416
dosing information,180,
236indications,399, 409, 410
off-label use,400
pharmacokinetics,43Pimozideadverse effects,84, 577, 596
drug interactionsantimicrobials,537,
540chemotherapy drugs,364,
365,
366,
367, 371, 372, 375
in critical care and perioperative settings,659dermatological medications,601, 603
gastrointestinal medications,208obstetrical/gynecological medications,509, 510
renal/urological medications,256rheumatological medications,627indications,577, 734
pharmacokinetics,43Pindolol,415
Pirbuterol,312Pitolisant,183,
190,
239Pituitary tumors,354–355
Platelet abnormalities,92–93
PMDD (premenstrual dysphoric disorder),480, 484–485
Pneumonia,316
Polatuzumab,360Polycystic ovary syndrome,480, 483, 503
Polyneuropathy,732
Polyserositis,75–76
Pork (undercooked),558
Porphyria,595, 596
Posaconazole,46Posterior reversible leukoencephalopathy syndrome,696–697
Postherpetic neuralgia,718–719, 732–733
Post-ICU syndrome (PICS),645–646
Post-ICU syndrome–families (PICS-F),645–646
Postpartum. See Pregnancy and postpartum Postpartumpsychosis,481
Posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorder,697
Posttraumatic stress, in critical care setting,645–647
Potassium-sparing diuretics,258
PPHN (persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn),496
Pramipexoleadverse effects,408, 419–421,
420dosing information,240drug interactions,424indications,245, 409
precautions and contraindications,409
Prazepam,135
Praziquantel,558
Prazosin,240, 396–397, 625
Prednisolone,314
Prednisone,314,
696Pregabalindosing information,238,
241, 273, 733
drug interactions,365,
366, 373
indicationsin critical care and perioperative settings,651–652
dermatological disorders,590
gastrointestinal disorders,174
obstetrical/gynecological conditions,486
pain management,718–719, 720, 733, 734–735
substance use disorders,760, 763
pharmacokinetics,18recreational use of,788
Pregnancy and postpartumabout,479
adverse effects of psychotropics on fetus or infant,487,
488–
492, 493–502, 752–753, 754, 759
breastfeeding,480–481, 499–502
comorbid psychiatric issues,480–481
psychiatric disorders effect on pregnancy and fetus,483–484
psychiatric symptoms during,480–482
substance abstinence management during,770, 780
substance intoxication management during,752–753, 754
substance withdrawal management during,759, 762, 765, 766, 776, 778–779
Pregnancy loss,483
Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD),480, 484–485
Premenstrual mood symptoms,484–485
Prescription medications (substance use disorder),788–789
Primary polydipsia,231–232
Procainamide,72,
290, 296
Procaine penicillin,529, 559
Procarbazine,26,
46,
359,
367,
371, 373–374, 375
Prochlorperazineadverse effects,52,
199, 458
alternative routes of administration,132, 142
drug interactions,206Progesterone,486, 506
Progesterone receptor antagonist,485
Promethazine,52,
200,
206, 482
Propafenone,290Propofol,649,
655,
658, 661, 719, 760–762,
791Propoxyphene,367, 372, 735–737,
736Propranolol,44, 167, 296, 448, 595, 646, 723
Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 inhibitors,270, 271
Propylthiouracil,460,
460Prostatic hyperplasia,247, 258
Prostatitis,247
Protease inhibitors,531,
540–
544, 553, 558, 560, 561
Protriptyline,22,
31Prucalopride,199Prurigo nodularis,590
Pruritis,580–581, 591, 678
Pseudobulbar affect,414–415
Pseudoephedrine,787–788
Psilocybin (magic mushrooms, shrooms),784
Psoralen,592
Psoriasis,583–586, 595–596
Psoriatic arthritis,583
Psychogenic polydipsia (PPD),231–232
Psychosisadverse effects ofantimicrobials,559
corticosteroids,461
obstetrical/gynecological medications,505
respiratory medications,313, 314
CNS disorders and,396–397, 399–400, 405, 407–414
endocrine/metabolic disorders and,442, 446, 448
infectious diseases and,528, 533, 552–554
obstetrical/gynecological conditions and,480, 481
renal disorders and,230–231
Psychostimulantsadverse effectscardiovascular,274, 286–287, 499
gastrointestinal,159, 186,
189–
190obstetrical/gynecological,492, 499, 502
respiratory,320
alternative routes of administration,127, 130, 133, 143–144
dosing information,183,
239, 245
indicationscancer,351, 353, 354
CNS disorders,402, 404, 410
infectious diseases,549, 556
obstetrical/gynecological conditions,486
post–organ transplantation,687–688
renal/urological disorders,245
respiratory disorders,325
substance withdrawal management,782
pharmacokinetics,32–
33,
45precautions and contraindications,287, 419, 648
PTSDcardiac medications and,275
CNS disorders and,404
in critical care setting,645–647
dermatological disorders and,575, 581, 586
endocrine/metabolic disorders and,443, 445–446
renal/urological disorders and,230
respiratory disorders and,309
Pulmonary disorders. See Respiratory disordersPurine analogs,359Pyridoxine indications,482
Pyrimidine analogs,359QTc interval prolongation,68, 70–73, 641–642
Quetiapineadverse effectsblood dyscrasias,93
cardiovascular,281–282
cutaneous,595, 596
endocrine/metabolic,98, 325, 458
gastrointestinal,160, 196, 197
neurological,61, 66, 416
obstetrical/gynecological,497, 501
sexual,503
alternative routes of administration,131, 132, 141
dosing information,181,
236, 493
drug interactionsantimicrobials,537,
543chemotherapy drugs,364,
365,
366,
367, 371, 372, 375
in critical care and perioperative settings,659gastrointestinal medications,208obstetrical/gynecological medications,509, 510
post–organ transplantation,698
renal/urological medications,256rheumatological medications,627indicationsCNS disorders,399, 410
in critical care and perioperative settings,639, 640
dermatological disorders,578, 586
gastrointestinal disorders,174
infectious diseases,528
post–organ transplantation,690
substance withdrawal management,766
pharmacokinetics,22,
43precautions and contraindications,400, 414
recreational use of,788
Quinidine,72,
290, 296, 396–397, 415,
424Quinolones,529–
530, 559, 560
RA (rheumatoid arthritis),621, 622
Radiotherapy,357–358
Raltegravir,532,
544Ramelteondosing information,182,
237indications,317, 323, 325, 555
pharmacokinetics,44Ramosetron,204Ramucirumab,360Ranitidine,200, 598–599
Rasagiline,42, 74, 408, 410,
420,
424Rate of absorption,12
Reboxetine,544Recombinant human growth hormone,460,
468Rectal administration of drugs,122–
128, 131–133
5α-Reductase inhibitors,246, 247, 600
Reflux disease and noncardiac chest pain,161–163,
202Remdesivir,315, 558
Renal and urological disorders,229–259
about,229
adverse psychiatric effects of medications for,245–247
adverse renal/urological effects of psychotropics,83–90,
84–
85, 247–251,
248differential diagnosis,230–232
drug interactions,184–185, 251,
252–
257, 257–259
drug reactions (severe),83–90,
84–
85pharmacodynamic and,233, 242
pharmacokinetics and,21, 232–233,
234–
241psychiatric symptoms in patients with,230–231
psychotropic use in,242–245
Renzapride,201Reserpine,586
Respiratory depression,317
Respiratory disorders,307–329
about,307–308
adverse psychiatric effects of medications for,311–315,
312–
313adverse respiratory effects of psychotropics,316–320
differential diagnosis,308–311
drug interactions,327–329,
328key points,329–330
pharmacokinetics and,21, 315–316
psychiatric symptoms in patients with,208
psychotropic use in,320–327
Respiratory embolism,318–319
Restless legs syndrome (RLS)dermatological disorders and,574
obstetrical/gynecological conditions and,481–482, 494
renal disorders and,231, 245
treatment,245
Retinoic acid compounds,359, 362
Retinoids,597–598
Rhabdomyolysis,96, 99–102
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA),621, 622
Rheumatological disorders,621–627
about,621–622
adverse psychiatric effects of medications for,623–625,
624–
625adverse rheumatological effects of psychotropics,625–626
drug interactions,626,
627key points,626–628
psychotropic use in,622–623
Ribociclib,364Rifabutin,46,
535–
536Rifampin (rifampicin)adverse effects,312,
529drug interactions,313,
535–
536, 560, 773,
793pharmacokinetics,20, 26, 27,
46Right-sided heart failure,271,
272, 273
Rilpivirine,531,
540,
545Risperidoneadverse effectsblood dyscrasias,91cancer risk,355
cutaneous,593, 594
endocrine/metabolic,98, 456, 458
gastrointestinal,83, 160, 196
neurological,61, 65, 416
obstetrical/gynecological,497, 501
alternative routes of administration,129, 130, 133, 139, 141
dosing information,181,
236drug interactionsantimicrobials,535chemotherapy drugs,364,
366,
367, 375
in critical care and perioperative settings,658,
659dermatological medications,601gastrointestinal medications,208obstetrical/gynecological medications,509, 510
renal/urological medications,256respiratory medications,329
rheumatological medications,627indicationsCNS disorders,405, 414
in critical care and perioperative settings,635–636, 639, 640
dermatological disorders,578
infectious diseases,528, 552, 553–554
renal/urological disorders,232
pharmacokinetics,10,
22, 28,
43precautions and contraindications,400
Ritodrine,504Ritonaviradverse effects,73,
200,
531, 560
drug interactions,206,
543, 554, 561
indications,558
pharmacokinetics,47precautions and contraindications,553
Rituximab,364, 375,
624,
696, 697
Rivastigmineadverse effects,287–288,
421alternative routes of administration,132, 144
dosing information,183,
238, 244
drug interactions,296,
424indications,395–396, 401, 408, 410, 636
pharmacokinetics,32Rizatriptan,22, 25,
47, 735,
736RLS. See Restless legs syndrome“Roid rage,”463, 549
Rolapitant,200,
204Ropinirole,22, 245, 419–421,
420,
424Rotigotine indications,245
Sacubitril,270
Salbutamol,504Salmeterol,312Salvia divinorum,784
Samidorphan,45,
188, 690
Saquinavir,47,
531, 560
SARS-CoV-2 disease. See Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 diseaseScalp dysesthesia,590
Schizophreniadermatological symptoms of,575, 576–578
endocrine/metabolic disorders and,97–98, 443
obstetrical/gynecological conditions and,480, 483, 484
seizures and,66–67
Scopolamine,644
Seborrheic dermatitis,590, 596
Sedative-hypnotics. See also specific drugsadverse effectscardiovascular,273–275
cutaneous,592, 594, 595, 596
gastrointestinal,159,
187obstetrical/gynecological,493–495
renal/urological,248alternative routes of administration,122, 134–137
dosing information,181–
182,
237drug interactions,656,
657, 661
indications,243–244, 320–323, 324–325,
658, 661
pharmacokinetics,32,
43–
44precautions and contraindications,647
Sedative-hypnotic use disorder,771–772
Seizuresas adverse effect of psychotropics,418–419
CNS disorders and,528
drug-induced,56, 66–67
post–organ transplantation,698
rheumatological disorders and,623
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). See also specific drugsadverse effectsbleeding risk,683
blood dyscrasias,91, 92–93
cardiovascular,72,
274, 275–278
cutaneous,592, 593, 595, 596
endocrine/metabolic,444,
451, 458
gastrointestinal,81–82, 83, 172, 186,
187, 190, 191–192
neurological,65, 67, 416,
417obstetrical/gynecological,489, 495–497, 502
renal/urological,85, 88–89,
248, 249
respiratory,316–317
sexual,251, 503
dosing information,179, 493
drug interactionsantimicrobials,534,
538,
540,
544, 560
cardiovascular medications,289,
293chemotherapy drugs,367, 372
in critical care and perioperative settings,657, 662
dermatological medications,602, 603
neurological medications,425obstetrical/gynecological medications,510
organ transplantation,698–700
pain medications,191–192, 735–737
rheumatological medications,626,
627serotonin syndrome,63, 375, 422,
538indicationscancer,348–349, 351–352
cardiovascular disorders,278–279
CNS disorders,397, 398, 400, 401–402, 404, 406, 411, 413, 415
in critical care and perioperative settings,646
dermatological disorders,577, 579–580, 584–585, 589, 590
endocrine/metabolic disorders,444–445, 446
gastrointestinal disorders,161–162, 164, 174, 185–186
infectious diseases,548, 550, 556
obstetrical/gynecological conditions,484, 485–486
organ transplantation,683–684, 698
pain management,406, 716, 732
respiratory disorders,320, 321, 324, 326
rheumatological disorders,623
sexual disinhibition,415
substance use disorders,770, 782
pharmacokinetics,31precautions and contraindicationsCNS disorders,402, 407, 409
in critical care and perioperative settings,648–649, 683
endocrine/metabolic disorders,449
gastrointestinal disorders,165, 191–192
NSAIDs use concurrently,191–192
organ transplantation,683
renal/urological agents,258
Selegilineadverse effects,188,
420alternative routes of administration,130, 132, 137
dosing information,179,
235drug interactions,422,
424, 662
indications,686
pharmacokinetics,42, 74
Selpercatinib,364Semaglutide injection,201Serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs). See also specific drugsadverse effectsblood dyscrasias,92–93
cardiovascular,274cutaneous,596
endocrine/metabolic,451, 458
gastrointestinal,81–82, 186,
187neurological,67, 416,
417obstetrical/gynecological,489renal/urological,85, 88–89,
248, 249, 251
respiratory,317
sexual,251, 503
dosing information,234–
235, 493
drug interactionsantimicrobials,534,
538,
540,
544, 560
cardiovascular medications,293chemotherapy drugs,367, 372
in critical care and perioperative settings,656, 661
neurological medications,425obstetrical/gynecological medications,510
pain medications,737
rheumatological medications,626,
627serotonin syndrome,422,
538indicationscancer,351–352
CNS disorders,404, 411, 413
dermatological disorders,589
endocrine/metabolic disorders,445, 446
gastrointestinal disorders,162, 174
obstetrical/gynecological disorders,484, 485–486
pain management,716, 717, 719, 720, 725, 732
post–organ transplantation,685
respiratory disorders,321
rheumatological disorders,623
precautions and contraindications,648–649
Serotonin syndromeabout,62–63
antimicrobials and,538, 560
chemotherapy drugs and,367, 375
diagnosis,63–64, 190
differential diagnosis,64
neurological medications and,55, 422
pain medications and,729
pharmacokinetics and,26
respiratory medications and,329
treatment,64
Sertindole,282
Sertralineadverse effectscardiovascular,276
endocrine/metabolic,444
gastrointestinal,82
obstetrical/gynecological,495, 497, 501
respiratory,316–317
alternative routes of administration,133
dosing information,171
drug interactionsantimicrobials,535,
541chemotherapy drugs,374
dermatological medications,602endocrine medications,465immunosuppressant medications,683
post–organ transplantation,699
indicationscancer,349
cardiovascular disorders,280
CNS disorders,397, 402, 406, 414
dermatological disorders,589
obstetrical/gynecological conditions,497
post–organ transplantation,683, 699
pharmacokinetics,22,
31,
42precautions and contraindications,349
Severe drug reactions. See Drug reactionsSevoflurane,655,
657Sexual disinhibition,415
Sexual dysfunction,251, 269,
442, 456–457, 503, 506
Shift work (night),483
Shingles,718–719
Shrooms (psilocybin),784
SIADH (syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion),83,
85, 88–90,
248, 249,
293–
294Sickle cell disease,725
Sildenafiladverse effects,258, 289, 560
drug interactions,253,
255–
257, 259, 289, 663
indications,251, 289, 503
Silodosin,246, 247
Siltuximab,365Simeprevir,206Simvastatin,291Sirolimus,679,
696, 697, 698,
699SJS (Stevens-Johnson syndrome),20, 81, 593–594
Skin picking (excoriation) disorder,574, 575, 579–580, 587–588
Sleep apnea,308, 310, 324–326
Sleep disorders and disturbancesas adverse effect ofcorticosteroids,461
respiratory medications,315
cancer and,350
in critical care and perioperative settings,633
dermatological disorders and,574, 582, 583
infectious diseases and,533, 554–555
obstetrical/gynecological conditions and,482, 483, 485–486, 494
pain management and,716–717, 718
renal disorders and,231
respiratory disorders and,310
Small-for-size syndrome (SFSS),680
Small intestine drug metabolism,18, 20
SmokingCNS disorders and,401
dermatological disorders and,585
drug interactions,24
organ transplantation and,685
pain management and,721
pharmacokinetics and,27,
47, 315–316, 327
respiratory disorders and,315–316, 327
tobacco use disorderabout,777–779
abstinence and craving,779–781
cessation medications,279, 281, 288, 778–781
withdrawal,778–779
SNRIs. See Serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitorsSocial pain,714–715
Society for Perioperative Assessment and Quality Improvement,648
Society of Critical Care Medicine,637, 640–641
Sodium/glucose transporter type 2 inhibitors,270
Sodium nitroprusside,656
Sodium oxybate,770–771
Sodium valproate,159
Sofosbuvir,200Solifenacin,246,
246,
253Solriamfetol,183,
190,
239, 404
Somatic symptom disorder with pain,714–715
Somatostatin,460, 463
Somatotropin (growth hormone),442,
460, 463,
468Sorafenib,367Sotalol,72
Sotorasib,365,
367Sotrovimab,315, 558
Special K,785.
See also Ketamine
Specific phobia,230
Spinal cord injury pain management,719, 733
Spironolactone,253, 258, 485
Spontaneous urticaria (chronic idiopathic urticaria),586
SSRIs. See Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitorsStatins,270–271, 296
“Steroid rage,”463, 549
Steroids,463, 549–550, 677, 678, 719
Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS),20, 81, 593–594
Stimulants. See PsychostimulantsStimulant use disorder,781–782
Stimulant withdrawal,782
St. John’s wortdrug interactionschemotherapy drugs,368, 374
methadone,773
obstetrical/gynecological medications,507,
509oral contraceptives,588
post–organ transplantation,699–700,
701renal/urological medications,256respiratory medications,329
serotonin syndrome,62
indications,588
pharmacokinetics,48precautions and contraindications,186, 550
Streptococcal infections,526
Stress.
See also PTSD
in critical care setting,645–647
skin as source and target of,573–574
Stroke,65, 401–402, 415, 719–720, 732, 781
Subcutaneous administration of drugs,129
Sublingual administration of drugs,122–
128, 130
Substance use disorders (SUDs),749–794
about,749–750
adverse effects of medications used for,188, 789,
790–
791alcohol use disorder,83,
84, 100, 754–771
cannabis- and synthetic cannabinoidrelated disorders,782–784
cocaine- and other stimulant-related disorders,781–782
dermatological disorders and,585
dosing information of medications used for,184,
240–
241drug interactions and,560–561, 789,
792–
794infectious diseases and,533, 547
intoxication,750–754, 785
key points,789, 794–795
obstetrical/gynecological and,480, 483
opioid use disorder,127, 130, 650, 714, 715, 718, 730–731, 772–777
other substance use disorders,784–789
pain management and,715
post–organ transplantation and,693–695
sedative-, hypnotic-, or anxiolyticrelated disorders,771–772
tobacco use disorder,777–781.
See also Smoking
Succinylcholine (suxamethonium),649, 654,
655,
658, 661
Sucralfate,202Sudden cardiac death,68, 70–73
SUDs. See Substance use disordersSuicidality and suicide riskas adverse effect ofcorticosteroids,461
dermatological medications,597–598, 599–600
gynecological medications,504
CNS disorders and,421
dermatological disorders and,582, 583, 588
infectious diseases and,547
obstetrical/gynecological conditions and,480, 482
pain management and,716
Sulfamethoxazole,46,
546Sulfasalazine,201, 625,
625, 626,
627Sulfonamides,530Sulfonylureas,460Sumatriptan,22, 25,
47, 735,
736Suppositories,131–132, 142
Surgery. See Critical care and surgery settings; Organ transplantationSuvorexant,44,
182,
187,
237, 317, 399, 693
Suxamethonium (succinylcholine),649, 654,
655,
658, 661
Sympathomimetic agents,655, 656,
659, 662
Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH),83,
85, 88–90,
248, 249,
293–
294Synthetic cannabinoid use disorder,782–784
Synthetic cathinones (bath salts),63, 786
Syphilis,527–528
Systemic lupus erythematosus,622, 623
Tacrolimus,20,
625,
627, 695–696,
696, 698,
699–
700Tadalafil,253,
255–
257, 258, 259, 289, 663
Tagraxofusp-erzs,360, 363
Tamoxifen,362,
364,
367,
371, 373–374
Tamsulosin,246, 259
Tanezumab,726
Tardive akathisia,416–418
Tardive dyskinesia,240,
248, 416–418
Tardive dystonia,416–418
Tardive laryngeal dystonia,319
Tasimelteon,44,
182,
187,
237,
248, 693
TBI (traumatic brain injury),403–405, 415
TCAs. See Tricyclic antidepressantsTedizolid,26,
46Tegaserod,201,
203Telithromycin,536–
537Temazepam,18, 20,
22, 135,
181, 272,
366, 507, 646, 689
TEN (toxic epidermal necrolysis),81, 593–594
Tension-type headache,723
Terazosin,246, 247
Terbinafine,601, 603
Terbutaline,504,
508, 510
Terfenadine,603
Testosterone replacement therapy (TRT),449–450,
460, 463, 506–507, 549–550
Tetrabenazine,45, 418
Tetracyclines,530Tetrahydrocannabinol,397
Theophyllineadverse effects,309,
312, 314
drug interactions,328, 329
precautions and contraindications,314
smoking and,316
Therapeutic drug levels and monitoring,6,
9, 16
Thiabendazole,533Thiamine deficiency,757–758
Thiazide and thiazide-like diureticsadverse effects,246, 257–258, 269–270
drug interactions,252, 259,
291, 295
lithium dosing and,258
pharmacokinetics,28
Thiazolidinediones,460Thioridazine,43, 282, 318, 553, 592
Thrombocytopenia,91, 93
Thyroid disordershyperparathyroidism,442, 448–449, 453–454
hyperthyroidism,442, 447–448, 453, 481
hypothyroidism,269,
442, 446–447, 452–453, 481, 547
lithium-induced,452–454
postpartum,481
treatment,460
Thyromegaly,452
Thyrotoxicosis,452
Thyroxine (T4),446, 447
Tiagabine,22,
425Tinzaparin,725
Tiotropium,313, 329
Tipranavir,531,
543–
544Tixagevimab,558
Tobacco use disorder. See SmokingTocilizumab,625Tocolytics,505
Tofacitinib,625Tolcapone adverse effects,420Tolterodine,246–247,
246,
253Toluene,789
Tolvaptan,232, 247
Topical administration of drugs,132
Topiramateadverse effectscutaneous,592, 595, 596
gastrointestinal,83
obstetrical/gynecological,498
psychiatric,420, 421
alternative routes of administration,143
dosing information,182,
238,
241, 244
drug interactions,289, 422, 507,
509indicationscardiovascular disorders,288–289
dermatological disorders,579, 580, 585
gastrointestinal disorders,167
pain management,723, 733–734
substance use disorders,760, 763–764, 770, 771, 782
pharmacokinetics,22precautions and contraindications,419, 692, 764
Torsades de pointes,68, 70–73, 282–283,
284, 288, 603, 641–642
Toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN; Lyell’s syndrome),81, 593–594
Toxic megacolon,197
Tramadoldrug interactions,62,
365–
367, 372, 735–737,
736indications,722, 729, 731
pharmacokinetics,45Trametinib,365Transdermal administration of drugs,124,
127–
128, 132
Transepidermal water loss (TEWL),573–574
Tranylcypromine,25,
42,
426, 585, 662
Traumatic brain injury (TBI),403–405, 415
Trazodoneadverse effectscardiovascular,274, 280
cutaneous,595
endocrine/metabolic,458
gastrointestinal,82
obstetrical/gynecological,488, 495
alternative routes of administration,137–138
dosing information,179,
235drug interactions,293, 295,
540–
544indicationsCNS disorders,399, 400
gastrointestinal diseases,162
infectious diseases,551, 555
post–organ transplantation,686
respiratory disorders,324
pharmacokinetics,22,
31,
42precautions and contraindications,686
Tretinoin,359, 362,
364, 375
Triamcinolone indications,587
Triamterene,258
Triazolamalternative routes of administration,135
dosing information,181drug interactions,535,
545,
601, 603
pharmacokinetics,22,
44Trichlormethiazide,246Trichotillomania (hair-pulling disorder),574, 575, 578–579, 580, 587
Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs). See also specific drugsadverse effectsblood dyscrasias,93
cardiovascular,71,
274, 275, 280,
538in critical care and perioperative settings,644
cutaneous,592, 595, 596
endocrine/metabolic,451, 455
gastrointestinal,81–82,
187, 190
neurological,67,
417obstetrical/gynecological,490, 495
renal/urological,85, 88, 233, 242,
248, 251
sexual,251, 503
dosing information,179,
235drug interactionsantimicrobials,534,
538,
544cardiovascular medications,289,
293, 295
chemotherapy drugs,364,
366,
367, 372, 375
in critical care and perioperative settings,656,
657–
660, 661, 662, 663
dermatological medications,601, 603
endocrine/metabolic medications,465gastrointestinal medications,207neurological medications,422,
425obstetrical/gynecological medications,509pain medications,735–737
renal/urological medications,256respiratory medications,327, 329
rheumatological medications,626,
627serotonin syndrome,375, 422
indicationscancer,348
CNS disorders,401, 406, 409, 415
dermatological disorders,589, 590
endocrine/metabolic disorders,445
gastrointestinal disorders,162, 163–164, 165, 166, 167, 174
infectious diseases,548, 551
obstetrical/gynecological conditions,482, 496
pain management,716, 717, 718–719, 720, 722, 723, 725, 732
post–organ transplantation,686
renal/urological disorders,406
respiratory disorders,321, 324, 326
rheumatological disorders,622–623
pharmacokinetics,31precautions and contraindicationsCNS disorders,419
in critical care and perioperative settings,648, 650
endocrine/metabolic disorders,445, 449
renal/urological disorders,258
Trifluoperazine,43, 71, 160
Trigeminal neuralgia,720, 732–733, 734
Trihexyphenidyl,32,
189,
248,
417, 644,
658Triiodothyronine (T3),447
Trikafta (elexacaftor/tezacaftor/ivacaftor),329
Trimethobenzamide,200,
206, 458
Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole,46,
530Trimipramine,31,
42, 583, 586
Triptans,25, 30,
47, 422,
424, 723, 724, 735
Trofosfamide,373–374, 375
Troleandomycin,536–
537Trospium,253Trospium chloride,246,
246TRT (testosterone replacement therapy),449–450,
460, 463, 506–507, 549–550
l-Tryptophan,165
Tube administration of drugs,133–134
Tuberculosis,308, 310, 528
Tubocurarine,657, 661
Tumor necrosis factor inhibitor indications,402
Tyramine,25–26,
48,
69, 73–74, 137, 329
UGT (uridine 5′-diphosphate glucuronosyltransferase) enzyme systemmetabolism overview,12,
18, 20, 26–27
other pharmacokinetic interactions,20,
46–
48,
370,
542,
544–
545, 559,
699psychotropic-pharmacokinetic interactions,20, 26, 30,
41–
45,
370,
542,
544–
545Ulcerative colitis,172–173
Ulcers,164–165,
202Ulipristal acetate,485
Ultraviolet light therapy,592
Umbralisib,366University of Liverpool HIV drug interactions,49Upadacitinib,625,
627Upper gastrointestinal bleeding,191–192
Uremia,231
Uridine 5′-diphosphate glucuronosyltransferase. See UGT enzyme systemUrinary antispasmodics,245–246,
246, 258
Urinary retention,251
Urine pH,28–29, 259
Urological disorders. See Renal and urological disordersUrticaria,586–587, 591
Vaginal ring,507
Valacyclovir,532Valbenazine,20, 26,
45,
183,
189,
240, 418
Valproateadverse effectsblood dyscrasias,93
cardiovascular,286
gastrointestinal,78–79,
189, 190, 193
neurological,67,
417obstetrical/gynecological,498, 503
psychiatric,420renal/urological,88
respiratory,319
alternative routes of administration,120, 142–143
dosing information,182, 232–233,
238,
241drug interactionscardiovascular medications,286
chemotherapy drugs,370, 371, 374
neurological medications,422,
423pain medications,735
rheumatological medications,627warfarin,764
indicationsCNS disorders,405, 411, 413
pain management,723
substance withdrawal management,763, 764
pharmacokinetics,16,
22, 26, 30,
41precautions and contraindicationsCNS disorders,551–552
gastrointestinal disorders,178, 184
obstetrical/gynecological conditions,764–765
substance withdrawal management,764
Valproic acidadverse effectsblood dyscrasias,91, 93
cutaneous,592, 594, 596
endocrinological and metabolic,451, 455
gastrointestinal,77, 79–81, 83, 196
obstetrical/gynecological,492, 498, 499, 502
respiratory,323
rheumatological,625
alternative routes of administration,133, 142
dosing information,485
drug interactions,426, 507, 649
indicationsCNS disorders,402, 403
endocrine/metabolic disorders,462
infectious diseases,551–552
pain management,718–719
schizophrenia,67
substance use disorders,760
pharmacokinetics,20
precautions and contraindications,551, 650, 691–692
Valsartan,270
Vancomycin,560
Vandetanib,364Vaptans,89
Vardenafil,254–
257, 258, 259, 289, 663
Vareniclineadverse effects,188,
791dosing information,184,
241indications,288, 770, 779–780
precautions and contraindications,694, 780
Vascular dementia,65, 287–288, 401
Vasculitis,593
Vasodilators,655, 656,
660, 662–663
Vasopressin antagonists,232, 247,
254Vasopressin-receptor antagonists,89–90
VCD (vocal cord dysfunction),308, 326
Vedolizumab,201Velpatasvir,200Vemurafenib,364Venlafaxineadverse effectscardiovascular,72, 279
cutaneous,592, 593, 595
gastrointestinal,82, 83,
187, 190, 193
obstetrical/gynecological,495, 501
respiratory,316
dosing information,179,
235, 242, 243
drug interactionschemotherapy drugs,366, 373, 374
in critical care and perioperative settings,658dermatological medications,601neurological medications,422,
425indicationsCNS disorders,409
dermatological disorders,589, 590
infectious diseases,548
pain management,732
post–organ transplantation,685
pharmacokinetics,22,
31,
42precautions and contraindications,178, 685
Venous thromboembolism (VTE),318–319
Ventricular arrhythmias. See ArrhythmiasVerapamil,73,
291, 295
Vesicular monoamine transporter 2 inhibitors,693
Viekira Pak,200Vilazodoneadverse effectsgastrointestinal,187obstetrical/gynecological,490, 495, 501
sexual,503
dosing information,235indications,72, 684
pharmacokinetics,22,
31,
42Viloxazineadverse effects,190alternative routes of administration,137–138
dosing information,183,
239drug interactions,701pharmacokinetics,45precautions and contraindications,688
Vinca alkaloids,362
Vinflunine,362
Vinorelbine,362
Viral infectionscoronavirus SARS-CoV-2disease,66, 311, 315, 326, 556–558, 643–644
drug interactions,593
herpes encephalitis,556
HIV/AIDS,25, 463, 528, 533, 547–555, 593, 638
postherpetic neuralgia,718–719
systemic,555–556
Vitamin B1 deficiency,757–758
Vitamin B12,654, 789
Vitamin D,692
Vocal cord dysfunction (VCD),308, 326
Voclosporin,625,
627Volume of distribution,13
Vomiting. See Nausea and vomitingVon Willebrand disease,92
Voriconazole,599
Vortioxetineadverse effectsgastrointestinal,187neurological,416
obstetrical/gynecological,489, 495, 501
sexual dysfunction,503
dosing information,179,
235indications,72, 159, 589, 684
pharmacokinetics,31,
42Vosevi,200Voxilaprevir,200Vulvodynia,590
Warfarin,15–16, 296, 764
Weight gain,319, 324, 325, 455–456
Weight loss drugs,201Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome (WKS),757–758
Wernicke’s encephalopathy,757–758
Withdrawal of an enzyme inhibitor,27
Wolters Kluwer/Lexi-Drugs,24
World Health Organization pain ladder,714
Xerostomia (dry mouth),158, 159, 160
Zafirlukast,313, 315,
328Zaleplon,22,
32,
182,
237, 324, 592
Zepatier,200Zidovudine,531Zileuton,313, 315
Ziprasidoneadverse effectscardiovascular,71, 140, 282
cutaneous,593
endocrine/metabolic,98
extrapyramidal symptoms,416
metabolic,458
sexual dysfunction,503
alternative routes of administration,129, 133, 139, 140, 141
dosing information,181,
236drug interactionschemotherapy drugs,364,
365,
366,
367, 371, 372, 375
in critical care and perioperative settings,659gastrointestinal medications,208obstetrical/gynecological medications,509, 510
renal/urological medications,256rheumatological medications,627indications,285, 552, 635, 640
off-label use of,129
pharmacokinetics,10, 30,
43precautions and contraindications,140, 318
Zolmitriptan,22,
47, 735,
736Zolpidemadverse effects,488, 501, 592
alternative routes of administration,130, 133, 134, 136–137
dosing information,182,
237drug interactions,327,
536indications,275, 317, 324–325, 555
pharmacokinetics,22,
32precautions and contraindications,324–325
Zonisamide,167,
425Zopicloneadverse effects,187, 320–321
dosing information,182,
237indications,324, 555
pharmacokinetics,32Zotepine,10
Zuclopenthixol,139
