Page numbers printed in boldface type refer to tables.
Acting out,57, 59.
See also Defenses
Agingcase example of fears about,152
indicators of progress about,147Agoraphobiapsychodynamic theory,xipsychodynamic treatment approaches,xiAlcohol use,40–41
case examples of,8–9, 41
Anger, case example of,38–39
Anxietycase examples of,3–4, 19, 34–35, 39–40, 70–71, 135–136
depression and trauma with,91
case example of,91–92
at social gatherings,7
Assertiveness,6, 139
Avoidant personality disorder.
See Dependent personality disorder
Backlashcase examples of,137–138
identifying backlash as progress is made,136–137
Behavior.
See also Passive aggression
identifying dissociated representations as modes of thoughts, feelings, and behavior,118
case example of,118–119
Borderline personality disorder,105–106
case examples of,106–111
description in DSM-5,108
psychodynamic theory,xiiipsychodynamic treatment approaches,xiiiBoundaries, case example of,25–26
Case examplesaddressing a previously identified problem that has persisted or recurred,74–76
addressing factors that are interfering with change,72
addressing fears about aging,152
addressing fears of revealing needs,150–151
addressing the dynamic formulation as focus of the session,77–78
of adverse events and trauma,37
of alcohol use,8–9, 40–41
of anger,38–39
of anxiety,3–4, 19, 34–35, 39–40, 70–71, 135–136
applying overlapping dynamics to various problems,140–144
of clarification and confrontation techniques,22–23
of cross talk,123–126
defining extent and impact of the problem,4–5
of denial,8–9
of dependent personality disorder,77–78, 100–103
of depression,24–25, 28–30, 51–52,
57in development of agency,119–122
of developmental history,37
of development of self-observational skills,19–20
of dissociation with trauma,86
of dreams,28–30, 125–126
effecting integration and mourning,127
encouraging adaptation and tolerance for persistent problems,153–154
engaging in cross talk,123–126
of examining context, affects, and meaning of problems,67,
68feeling as if the traumatic experience were occurring,96
of free association,21–22
of guilt and shame,9–19
of identification of problems,3–4
of identification with the aggressor and trauma,87–89, 93–95
identifying backlash as progress is made,137–138
identifying dissociated representations as modes of thoughts, feelings, and behavior,118–119
identifying relevant psychodynamic factors,42–44
of initial assessment in PrFPP,5–7,
7of integration,127
of interpretation,24–26
of irritability and trauma,89–90, 118–119
of linking,38–39
of major depression disorder,77–78, 100–103
mental factors,47–52,
48,
49,
50,
51,
52,
53, 68–69
of mentalization capacities,70–71
of mentalization deficits,60
of mourning,127
of narcissistic and borderline personality disorders,106–111
of obsessive-compulsive personality disorder,103–105
of ongoing emergence and clarification,12
of panic attacks,4–5, 34–35, 100–103
of panic disorder,73–76,
74, 77–78
of psychodynamic formulation,70, 76–77
of psychoeducation,3–4
recognizing dissociated self/other representations,115–118
of recurrences or resurgences of problems,40–41
of reexperiencing trauma,84–85
of repeating trauma,83
of setting boundaries,25–26
of sexual abuse,83
somatic manifestations of trauma,93–95
of termination of problem-focused psychodynamic psychotherapy,145–149
of transference,26–28, 153
of traumatic experience,53–54
using transference as an aid to working through technique,138–139
of variability in problems,39–40
of working in transference,127–128
of working through technique,132–134, 135–136
Clarification and confrontation techniquescase example of,22–23
description of,22
Claustrophobia,34
Cluster C personality disorders.
See also Dependent personality disorder
psychodynamic approaches,xiipsychodynamic theory,xiiConflict, as barrier to addressing problems,10
Countertransference, overview,30–31
COVID-19, problems during,x, xiv
Cross talkcase examples of,123–126
description of,122–123
engaging in,122–123
Culture, case example of impact of,15
as barrier to addressing problems,10
case examples of,55–59,
57,
58,
59interventions,61, 62
mechanisms,55
Denial,56.
See also Defenses
case example of,8–9
Dependent personality disorder.
See also Cluster C personality disorders
case examples of,77–78, 100–103
definition in DSM-5,99
Depressionanxiety and trauma with,91
case example of,91–92
case examples of,24–25, 28–30, 51–52,
57mental factors, case examples of,47–52,
48,
49,
50,
51,
52,
53, 68–69, 76
history of,68–69
interventions,61, 62
Dialectical behavior therapy,108
Diary,17–18
Dissociation,57.
See also Defenses; Self
effecting integration and mourning,126–127
case example of,127
engaging in cross talk,122–123
case examples of,123–126
identifying representations as modes of thoughts, feelings, and behavior,118
case example of,118–119
overview,113–115,
114promoting development of agency,119
case examples of,119–122
recognizing dissociated self/other representations,115–118
addressing,116case example of,115–118
trauma and,85–86
case example of,85–86
Dreamscase examples of,28–30, 125–126
overview,28
DSM-5characteristics of narcissistic personality disorder,105
definition of dependent personality disorder,99
description of borderline personality disorder,108
Dynamics,15
applying overlapping dynamics to various problem, case examples of,140–144
formulation for patient,148identifying the impact of dynamic factors,134
case example of,135–136
Emetophobia,57
Feelingsconflicted,84
of failure,49–51,
50,
51, 104–105
of health fears,93–95
of inadequacy,7
of incompetence,67
of loneliness,132–134
transferential,145
Flashbacks,84
Free associationcase example of,21–22
overview,21–22
Freud, S.,10
Frustration,6
Generalized anxiety disorderpsychodynamic theory,xiipsychodynamic treatment approaches,xii“Good other,”xiiiGuilt, case examples ofaddressing circumstances in which problems persist,135–136
barrier to addressing problems,9–10
Identification with aggressor,58–59.
See also Defenses
case example of,93–95
Impulse control,10–11
Integration, effecting,126–127
case example of,127
Interpersonal issues,12
identifying personality factors and,78–79
Interpretationcase examples of,24–26
defense,23–24
description of,23–24
transference and,27
Intrapsychic conflicts and defenses,10, 54–55
interventions,61, 62
Irritabilitycase example of,118–119
trauma and,89
case example of,89–90
Linking,20–21
case example of,38–39
trauma and,23–24
Major depression disordercase examples of,77–78, 100–103
psychodynamic theory,xiipsychodynamic treatment approaches,xiiMarriage, tensions in,7
Medication, combining PrFPP and,15
Memories,84
Mentalizationaddressing capacities,70
case example of,70–71
deficits,59–60
case example of,60
interventions,61, 62
description of,59
as therapy,10
Mourning,126–127
case example of,127
Narcissistic personality disorder,105–106
case examples of,106–111
characteristics according to DSM-5,105
psychodynamic theory,xiiipsychodynamic treatment approaches,xiiitraits,11–12
treatment,108–109
Nightmares,84
Obsessive-compulsive personality disorder,103
case example of,103–105
Panic attackscase examples of,4–5, 34–35, 47–49,
48symptoms of,34
Panic disordercase examples of,73–76,
74, 77–78, 100–103
psychodynamic theory,xipsychodynamic treatment approaches,xiPanic-focused psychodynamic psychotherapy (PFPP), development of,ix–x
Panic-focused psychodynamic psychotherapy eXtended Range (PFPP-XR)development of,x
Passive aggression,55, 58, 120.
See also Defenses; Dissociation
Patient.
See also Self; Therapeutic alliance
dynamic formulation for,148language and components of problems,2
Personalityidentifying personality factors and interpersonal problems,78–79
problems,11–12
Personality disorders.
See also Cluster C personality disorders
dependent,99–100
case examples of,77–78, 100–103
definition in DSM-5,99
narcissistic and borderline personality disorders,105–106
case examples of,106–111
obsessive-compulsive personality disorder,103
case example of,103–105
overview,99
PFPP.
See Panic-focused psychodynamic psychotherapy
PFPP-XR.
See Panic-focused psychodynamic psychotherapy eXtended Range
Phobias, trauma and,86–87
Posttraumatic stress disorderfeeling as if the traumatic experience was occurring,85–86
psychodynamic theory,xiipsychodynamic treatment approaches,xiiPrFPP.
See Problem-focused psychodynamic psychotherapy
Problem-focused psychodynamic psychotherapy (PrFPP)development of,x
phase of,2,
3case example of initial assessment in,5–7,
7therapeutic interventions,13–15,
13interventions for patient,149medication and,15
overview,65
terminationaddressing fears about aging,152
case example of,152
addressing fears of revealing needs,149–150
case example of,150–151
case examples of,145–149
dynamic formulation,148encouraging adaptation and tolerance for persistent problems,153
case example of,153–154
impact of lack of an intimate partner,151–152
interventions for therapy,149overview,145,
146problem list and indicators of progress,147working with transference,152
case example of,153
therapeutic alliance and,14
Problems.
See also Trauma; Working through technique
addressing a previously identified problem that has persisted or recurred,73,
74case example of,74–76
addressing disruptions in the capacity to identify links,37–39
case example of,38–39
addressing factors that are interfering with change,72
case example of,72–73
applying overlapping dynamics to various problemscase examples of,140–144
barriersto acknowledgment,10–12
to addressing,8–10
case example of denial,8–9
guilt and shame,9–10
intrapsychic conflict and defense,10
case example of impact of cultural factors,15
change and,72
case example of,72–73
context, emotions, and developmental history ofadverse events and trauma,37–38
case example of,37
case example of,34–35
developmental history,35–36
case example of,37
overview,33,
34defining extent and impact of,4–5
case example of,4–5
encouraging adaptation and tolerance for persistent problems,153
case example of,153–154
framework for identifying and addressing,66,
67case example of,67
examining context, affects, and meaning,66,
68identifying relevant psychodynamic factors,42–44
case example of,42–43
identifying the impact of dynamic factors,134
case example of,135–136
impulse control,10–11
indicators of progress,147interpersonal issues,12
with meanings and functions,13–14
nature and psychological basis of,2–4,
3case example of,3–4
ongoing emergence and clarification of,12
case example of,12
overview,x
personality,11–12
recognizing relevant dynamics,14
types of problems,1–2,
2variability indifferent contexts,39
case example of,39–40
recurrences or resurgences of problems,40–41
case examples of,40–41
Projection,56, 58.
See also Defenses
Psychodynamic formulationaddressing the dynamic formulation as focus of the session,77
case example of,77–78
case example of,70, 76–77
defenses,55
case example of,55–59
developing,69–70
developmental factors,46–52
case examples of,47–52, 61–62,
48,
49,
50,
51,
52,
53formulation for patient,148interventions,60–62
intrapsychic conflicts,54–55
overview,45,
47self and other representations,45–46
traumatic experiences,52
case example of,53–54
Psychodynamic techniquesclarification and confrontationcase example of,22–23
description of,22
countertransference,30–31
development of self-observational skills,17–20
case example of,19–20
dreamscase example of,28–30
overview,28
free association,21–22
interpretationcase examples of,24–26
description of,23–24
linking,20–21
overview,17,
18transferencecase example of,26–28
description of,26
working through,30
Psychodynamic theory, approaches to specific disorders,xi–
xiiiPsychoeducation, case example of,3–4
Reaction formation,55, 58.
See also Defenses
Repression,56.
See also Defenses
Sadness,6
Self.
See also Dissociation; Patient
case examples of developmental factors,47–52,
48,
49,
50,
51,
52,
53, 61–62
developmental factors,46–52
“false,”114
idealizing,56
interventions,61, 62
psychodynamic formulation and,45–46
Self-criticism,103
Self-esteem, with narcissistic personality disorder,xiiiSelf-observational skillscase example of,19–20
development of,17–20
Self-reflective skills,13
Sexual abuse, case example of,83
Shame, case example of barrier to addressing problems,9–10
Social anxiety disorderpsychodynamic theory,xipsychodynamic treatment approaches,xiSomatization,56–57.
See also Defenses
trauma and,93
case example of,93–95
Splitting,57.
See also Defenses
Termination.
See Problem-focused psychodynamic psychotherapy
Therapeutic alliance, PrFPP and,14
Therapist.
See also Therapeutic alliance
language and components of problems,2
Transferenceas an aid to working through technique,138
case example of,138–139
case examples of,26–28
description of,26
interpretation of,27
working in,127
case example of,127–128
Transference-focused psychotherapy,108
Traumaanxiety and depression with,91
case example of,91–92
case examples of,37, 53–54
dissociation and,85–86
case example of,86
feeling as if the traumatic experience was occurring,95–96
case example of,96
identification with the aggressor,87
case examples of,87–89, 93–95
impact of,82irritability and,89
case example of,89–90
linking and,23–24
overview,81–82
phobias and,86–87
proneness to repeating,82–83
case example of,83
somatic manifestations of,93
case example of,93–95
symptoms of reexperiencing,84
case example of,84–85
“Whirlpools,”18–19
Working through technique.
See also Problems
addressing circumstances in which problems exist,135
case example of,135–136
applying overlapping dynamics to various problems,139–140
case examples of,140–144
approaches to,133description of,30
identifying backlash as progress is made,136–137
case example of,137–138
identifying contributing dynamics to problems,132
case example of,132–134
identifying the impact of dynamic factors,134
case example of,134–135
overview,131–132,
132using transference as an aid to,138
case example of,138–139
