Page numbers printed in boldface type refer to tables and figures.
AA.
See Alcoholics Anonymous
Abuse, 83.
See also Prison Rape Elimination Act
Acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT),12, 17, 178
ACCT.
See Assessment, Care in Custody and Teamwork
ACT.
See Acceptance and commitment therapy
Active listening,37,
38–
39, 40
“Active” or Achieving Change Through Values-Based Behavior (ACTV),354
ACTV.
See “Active” or Achieving Change Through Values-Based Behavior
Acute stress disorder,198
Addiction.
See Drug abuse; Substance use; Substance use disorders
ADHD.
See Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
Adjustment disorders,198
definition of,199
DSM-5-TR diagnostic criteria for,199–200
duration of,202
frequency of,200
psychotherapy for treatment of,201
symptoms of,202–203
therapy reminders in treatment of,202Adler, Freda,7Advice,65–66
ADX Florence,347
Affect, of patients,42
Affective forecasting,236
Age-Graded Life-Course Theory,343–344
Aggression,195
violent and/or disruptive behaviors,431–434
Agnew, Robert,7, 9
“Ain’t I a Woman?,”377
Akathisia,298
Akers, Ronald L.,8, 9
Alcoholics Anonymous (AA),81, 250–251, 258
Alcohol use disorders,249–254,
253.
See also Substance use disorders
alcoholic patient returning to the community,252,
253recovering alcoholic individual,272–273
response safety plan,254
in women in prison,387
Alexithymia,182
Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland,26
Alighieri, Dante,75, 75
n1
American Academy of Sleep Medicine,215, 216
American Correctional Association,48
Code of Ethics,30
American Psychiatric Association (APA)Good Psychiatric Management,330
position statement on segregation,171
AMI.
See Any mental illness
Andrews, Donald A.,9Anger management,355–356
anger log,357displaced,390
myths about anger in substance abuse,356Antisocial behaviordescription of,272
treatment,256–259
Antisocial personality disorder (ASPD),271
challenges of working with ASPD inmates,332
defining features of,331–332
history of,427hunger strikes and,421
prevalence in corrections,332
supportive psychotherapy techniques and tips for,333
treatment,344–345
Anxiety disorders,86–87
Any mental illness (AMI),492
APA.
See American Psychiatric Association
APIC.
See Assessing, Planning, Identifying, and Coordinating model
Apology bank,449
ASPD.
See Antisocial personality disorder
Assertive Community Treatment model,398
Assessing, Planning, Identifying, and Coordinating (APIC) model,398
Assessment, Care in Custody and Teamwork (ACCT),178
Attachment disorders,195
trauma therapy and,219
Attachment theoryviolent offenders and,343–345,
344of women in prison,397
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD),356–357.
See also Substance use disorders
Autism spectrum disorder,456, 458
Axis I disorders.
See Adjustment disorders
“Axis I” pathology.
See Violent offenders
Bandura, Albert,8, 291
“Baseline stable” evaluation,13
“Battlemind,”455
Beccaria, Cesare,6Becker, Howard,8Beck Hopelessness Scale,313
Behaviors.
See also Aggression; Violence
causes of,136
as comorbidity of substance use and mental illness,242–245
coping,44–54
drug abuse and,231lies,412–415
maladaptive,433–434
nonsuicidal self-injurious behavior,175–177
noticing unusual behaviors,143
prosocial,232rationale of criminal behaviors,49
“spin the therapist” technique,391
validation of feelings,335–336
Behn, Aphra,377
Bentham, Jeremy,6Bereavement, description of,156
Bernard, Thomas,9Biden, Joe,441
Bipolar disorder,271, 316–321
case vignette,317–318
CBT for treatment of,317
co-occurring illnesses and personality issues,321–323
patient in remission,320–321
treating the manic patient in prison,321Black Lives Matter,372
Blameexternalization of,56–57
incarceration and,77BMI.
See Body mass index Body mass index (BMI),417
Bonger, WIllem,6Bonta, James,9BOP.
See Federal Bureau of Prisons
Borderline personality disorder (BPD),271
case vignette,108–109
challenges of working with BPD in prison,334
defining features of,333–334
good psychiatric management for,336–337
hunger strikes and,421
prevalence in corrections,334
splitting and,390
suicide and,179–180, 183–184
supportive psychotherapy approaches with affective components,311supportive psychotherapy techniques and tips for,334–336,
335in women in prison,386–387
Boredom,120
Bosch, Harry,xvii
BPD.
See Borderline personality disorder
BPRS.
See Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale
Braithwaite, John,8Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS),128
Brown, Laura,377
Bureau of Justice Statistics,13, 456, 465
Burgess, Ernest,9Burgess, Robert,8Burnout,124–126.
See also Job stress
avoiding countertransference burnout,127causes of,125
features of,125
Caballerismo,445
Cage Your Rage,355, 452
Campbell, Anne,7Camus, Albert,119, 178
“Carceral,”xv, 5, 447–450
“Carceral state,”377–378
Caregivers, signs of secondary trauma in,223Carroll, Lewis,26
Carter, Robert T.,xvi, 194
Case vignettesof bipolar disorder,317–318
of borderline personality disorder,108–109
of carceral time,448–449
of chronically suicidal patients,181
of defenses and coping behaviors,49
of delusions,285
of developing an impression of patient,135
of disruptive behavior,433
of domestic violence,396
of giving advice to a woman in prison,396
of humor in a supportive relationship,112–113
of mental illness,430
mistreatment of prisoner,46
of negative therapeutic reactions,108–109
of reality testing,56
of relationship between supportive and cognitive-behavioral therapy,84–91
of requests for privileges,415–416
of self-disclosure,98
for substance use disorder,237–238
of substance use disorders,237–238, 244–245
of suicide and mental illness,177–178
of a woman in prison,390–391
CAT.
See Cognitive-analytic therapy
CBASP.
See Cognitive-behavioral analysis system of psychotherapy
CBT.
See Cognitive-behavioral therapy
CFI.
See Cultural Formulation Interview
CGT.
See Complicated grief treatment
Chambliss, William J.,6Changing Lives and Changing Outcomes,273
Chesney-Lind, Meda,7Childrendevelopment of coping skills,217
resilience in,217
trauma in,338–339
Citalopram, as supportive therapy for grief,160
Citizen Potawatomi and Oklahoma Inter-Tribal Reentry Alliance,475CJ-PMI.
See Criminal justice involved persons with mental illness
Clarifications,44
“Clear to proceed” flags,428
Cleckley, Hervey,7Close Encounter of the Fourth Kind,xvii
Cloward, Richard,9Clozapine, for management of suicidal behavior,185
Cochrane Collaborative Study,277
“Code Black,”319
Cognitiondistortion of,84–85, 432
in prisoners,456–461
treatment and interventions,459–460
Cognitive-affective behavior therapy,17
Cognitive-analytic therapy (CAT),17
Cognitive-behavioral analysis system of psychotherapy (CBASP),17
Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT),16,
12.
See also Complicated grief treatment
to change criminal attitudes and behavior,54
relationship between supportive psychotherapy and,84–91,
92vs. supportive therapy,209–210
techniques,86,
92for treatment of bipolar disorder,317
for treatment of trauma,200
Cognitive indolence, definition of,50Cognitive schemata,84
Cognitive Self-Change,341
Cohen, Lawrence E.,6Colvin, Mark,9Commenting,41
Communication.
See also Confrontation with patients,41–42
talking to trauma-affected patients,218–219
using the narrative,211
vicarious discussion,60
Complex PTSD,198
Complicated grief treatment (CGT), 158.
See also Cognitive-behavioral therapy
Confidentiality,82, 444
Confrontation,42–44.
See also Communication
Connecting Access to Resources for Entering Society,475Consent,82
Continuity of care,232Contraband,42, 56
Control,126
Convict Code,113, 419
description of,407–408
respect and,407–408
“Convict era,”483
Cooley, Charles Horton,8Coping behaviors,44–54
classification of,46–
47classification of defenses and coping styles,46–
47Core Conflictual Relationship Model,16
Correctional environmentactivities of psychotherapists in,5,
12–
13correctional culture,15–16
danger in,10–11
effectiveness of,23,
24, 25–29
ethical issues for supportive psychotherapy,29–31
examples of prison programming that affect prisoners psychologically,5,
10examples of prison programming with significant content,5,
11funding for,30
halfway houses,15
leading theories of crime,5,
6–
9locations of,14–15
“The Lakh-up Monster,”3,
4nondominant populations,4–5
overview,3–5
residential statistics of,3
staff in,15–16
supportive psychotherapy with prisoners,16–23
approaches to,24goals of,18–
20transitional living facilities,15
Correctional officers (COs),15–16
interactions with,279
manic patients and,319
COs.
See Correctional officers
Countertransferenceavoiding countertransference burnout,127causes of,121differences between mental health training and correctional psychology demands,122feelings of,348–349
reactions,119
in a supportive relationship,119–120
COVID-19,xv, 14
after leaving prison,469
depression and,312
“herd immunity,”xv
“long COVID,”492
mask-wearing,470
“qualified immunity,”xv
recovery from,296
restrictions in prison,390
social distancing,470
stress from,239
n2
Credit, after leaving prison,468
Crenshaw, K.W.,377, 378
Crime“Central Eight” risk/need factors for,21–22
leading theories of,5,
6–
9motivation for,5
Criminalitydisposition to,122–124
history of,162
in men,108
schizophrenia and,292
substance use and,254, 255
trauma and,206
treatment for,257–258
Criminal justice involved persons with mental illness (CJ-PMI),273
Criminalscareer,447
description of,48
“labeling” of,30
lifestyle of,352,
353thinking styles,42,
50–
51,
55trust and,110–111
Criminology, theories of,32
Crisisdefinition of,154
duration of,154
result of,154
“stagecoach” theory of crisis therapy,155
supportive measures for,154–155
as a transient/time-limited event,168–169
Crisis response safety plan,320–321
Crisis response safety plan (CRSP; CRSP-T; CRSP-TR),64, 169,
172,
173,
220–
221trauma-informed and reentry version,481–
482trauma-informed version,222
Crisis therapy, for treatment of trauma,211–212
CRSP.
See Crisis response safety plan
CRSP-T.
See Crisis response safety plan
CRSP-TR.
See Crisis response safety plan
Cullen, Francis T.,9Cultural Formulation Interview (CFI),442
Culture.
See also Masculinity issues; Race
agenda for treating time-challenged prisoners,451biases in,445
changes after leaving prison,470
correctional,15–16, 92
descriptions of,441–442
DSM-5-TR definition of,442
examples of culturally competent assessment of gender issues,378,
379incarceration and,89–90
“macho” dominated,15
of men’s prisons,113
prison staff and,443–444
relativism and,446
sensitivity to,xv–xvi, 446
stereotypes of women and,391–392
Cutoff, definition of,50DAIP.
See Domestic Abuse Intervention Program
Daly, Kathleen,7“Day residue,”393
DBT.
See Dialectical behavior therapy
Death.
See also Grief; Suicide
telling the story of,159
Death row, risk of suicide on,174–175
Deception,413–414
“Declaration of Sentiments,”377
Decompensationrecovery from,287–288
symptoms of,298
Defenses,44–54
examples of,45
providing,71
Deinstitutionalization, description of,269
Delusionscase vignettes of,285
dealing with,283–288
effects of,290
phases of,286–287
therapeutic responses to,288Dependency, in a supportive relationship,113
Depression.
See also Mood disorders
addressing schizophrenia with depression in prison,297COVID-19 and,312
hunger strikes and,421
primary techniques and emphases in treatment ofaddressing guilt,313
addressing loss,314
depressed patient in remission,315–316
education and coordination,315
facilitating medication,313
giving reassurance,310, 312–313,
312hopelessness,314–315
managing dependency,313–314
noticing improvement,315
schizophrenia and,295–296
suicide and,178–179
supportive psychotherapy approaches with affective components,311types of,316
DESNOS.
See Disorders of extreme stress not otherwise specified
Detainee, description of,xxi
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental DisordersDSM-5,xxii
diagnostic criteria for PD,328
DSM-5-TR,xxii, 96
definition of culture,442
diagnostic criteria for adjustment disorders,199–200
diagnostic criteria for nightmare disorder,215–216
diagnostic criteria for PD,328
diagnostic criteria for persistent complex bereavement disorder,157
diagnostic criteria for trauma,196–197
features of NPD,337
DSM-III,xxii
DSM-IV,xxii
Dialectical behavior therapy (DBT),17
for treatment of PD,330
“Diet for Health,”277–278
Directive interventions,64,
67Discontinuity, definition of,51Discrimination, after leaving prison,469
Disorders of extreme stress not otherwise specified (DESNOS),198
Dissocial personality disorder.
See Antisocial personality disorder
Dissociation,195
“Dodo Bird conjecture,”26
Domestic Abuse Intervention Program (DAIP),354
Domestic violence, case vignette of,396
Down syndrome,456, 458
Dozier, Scott,174–175
Dreams,62–64
Drug abuseassessment,231behavior and,231continuity of care,232correctional supervision requirements,232criminal behavior and,232integrated treatment approach,233medication and,233monitoring treatment,231prosocial behavior and treatment participation,232recovery from addiction,231treatment planning,233treatment principles from the National Institute on Drug Abuse,231–
233DUI charges,249–250
“Durance vile,”447
Durkheim, Emile,9Dysthymic disorder.
See Persistent depressive disorder
Eating disorders, hunger strikes and,421
Echoing,41
Educationafter prison release,478
attainment,458–459
programs in prison,458–459
value of,458
Ekman, Paul,414
Elliot, Delbert,8, 9
EMDR.
See Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing
Empathy,37
“empathic detachment” for patients from CODs,240–241
generating and conveying,132–133
mismanaged,110–111
vs. sympathy,110
“Empty chair” technique,235
Energy psychology,446–447
Engagement,126–127.
See also Supportive relationship
Entitlementdefinition of,50related to criminal beliefs,55in a supportive relationship,113
Epstein, Jeffrey,177
Ethicschallenges of substance use disorders and,256–259
issues for supportive psychotherapy,29–31, 32
Eudaemonia,17
Evans, Tony,410
Evil, vs. good,xix
n2
Explanations,44
clarifications and,58–62
displaced,59–60
pacing and timing of,58–59
Exposure therapy,213
Externalization of blame,56–57
Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR),17, 213
Eysenck, Hans,7FACT.
See Forensic Assertive Community Treatment model
Failure, anticipation of,57
Familymake-believe, in prison,385
relationship with psychotherapists,293–294
working with the family in the prison environment,293–294,
295Family-focused therapy,317
“Fearful synergy,”244
Federal Bureau of Prisons (BOP),347
Felony,14
Felson, Marcus,6Female Offender Critical Interventions Inventory (FOCI),245–250
Feminism,376–385,
379description of,376–377
goals during therapy,380–381
labeling,381
Ferrero, William,7Fetal alcohol syndrome,458
First aid, in treatment of trauma,211–212
Flashbacks,196
FOCI.
See Female Offender Critical Interventions Inventory
Food and hunger strikes,417–421
checklist for approaching hunger strikers,420complaining about food,418
management of,419
motivation for,418–419
Forensic Assertive Community Treatment (FACT) model,398
Fragile X syndrome,456
Frank, Jerome,250–251
Freud, Sigmund,16, 31, 106, 393,
7Friedlander, Kate,7“Gabby” software program,103
Galen,328
Gall, Franz Joseph,7Gangs,87, 411–412,
413subculture of,447
GATE.
See Gather information, Access supervision, Take responsible action, Extend the action
Gather information, Access supervision, Take responsible action, Extend the action (GATE),246
Gender.
See also Men, in prison; Women, in prison
bias and stereotyping in therapy for substance use disorders,242,
243common gender-predominant issues of women in prison,389–393
examples of culturally competent assessment of gender issues,378,
379Gender Responsive Opportunities for Women (GROW),475General deterrence,25
General Personality and Cognitive Social Learning (GPCSL),9Generation X,377
Geneticsdisorders from,456
as origin of criminal behavior,61
syndromes and,458
Gestalt therapy,235
Glaser, Daniel,8GLM.
See Good Lives Model
Goffman, Erving,8Good, vs. evil,xix
n2
Good Lives Model (GLM),12, 21, 348, 354
after leaving prison,473, 474
sex offenders and,451–454
Good Psychiatric Management (GPM),330
for BPD,336–337
for NPD,339Goring, Charles,7Gottfredson, Michael,8GPCSL.
See General Personality and Cognitive Social Learning
GPM.
See Good Psychiatric Management
Grassian, Stuart,174
Griefacute,156
anticipatory,449
complicated,156, 157–160,
161, 196
connecting with memories,159
counseling,153–155, 157
description of,156
disenfranchised,156, 160–161
integrated,156
living with reminders of,159
managing emotional pain,159
“normal” therapy tips,158stages of,156
strengthening ongoing relationships,159
supportive psychotherapy approaches with affective components,311thinking about the future,159
triggers for,156–157
understanding and accepting,158–159
Group therapyadvantages of,81self-directed,81
GROW.
See Gender Responsive Opportunities for Women
Guards.
See Correctional officers
Guiltaddressing,313
description of,251–252
Gunderson, John,336–337
Hagan, John,7Hagen,378
Halfway houses,15
Hallucinationscommand auditory hallucinations,282
coping with voices,282–283,
283dealing with,280–283
distress and disability generated by,281–282
possibilities of nonpsychotic,425in solitary confinement,174
therapeutic responses to,281“Happy talk,”135–136, 140, 185, 393, 445
Hare, Robert M.,7Hare’s Psychopathy Checklist—Revised,271, 272
Harm reduction therapy,257
Harper, Michele,207
Havens, Leston,132–133
“Herd immunity,”xv
HIPAA,xviii
compliance with,16
women in prison and,389
Hirschi, Travis,8Hobbes, Thomas,6Hooton, E.A.,7Hopeinstilling,133
therapeutic alliance and,280
Horn, Roy,123
Hospitalization, for suicide,182
Housing, after leaving prison,468
Hyperkatifeia,239
n2
Ideas of reference,288–290
levels of therapeutic response to,289IDs.
See Intellectual disabilities
“I Have a Dream” speech,444
Illness Management and Recovery Kit,276–277
Imagery rehearsal therapy (IRT),215–216
Immigration, detention,3
Incarceration.
See also Jails; Prisons
culture and,89–90
entering (reentering) the institutionconfidentiality,82
consent,82
diagnostic issues,96
documentation standards,83
initial assessments,82–84
interaction with others,98–99
medication vs. meditation,96–98
overview,75–79
reactions to,77referrals to group therapy,80–82,
81relationship between supportive and cognitive-behavioral therapy,84–91,
85case vignette,87–91,
92self-disclosure,98
sleeping, in jail vs. prison,91–96,
94therapist and,79–80, 80
trauma and,76,
78purposes of,23, 25–29
sexual assault and,206
therapeutic alliance and,78
trauma and,206
Individual deterrence,25
Induced dichotomy of personality,64
“Inference chain,”286
Inmate.
See Prisoners
Innocents Abroad,xvii
InsideOut Dad,12Insomnia.
See Sleep
suicidal thinking and,185
Integrated Modular Treatment,349
Intellectual disabilities (IDs),457–458
talking to patients with,460–461
International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revisioncriteria for complicated grief,157
as diagnostic resource,xxii
Z codes,96
Internet, prisoners’ access to,274
Internet-based therapy, for treatment of trauma,200
Interpersonal and social rhythm therapy (IPSRT),317, 322
Interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT),12positive findings of,308–309
similarities to supportive psychotherapy,308
for treatment of trauma,200
Interpretations,44, 60,
61Intersectionality,378
Interviewsmotivational,43–44
OARS technique,43
with patients,11–12
structured,14
suggestions and,66
telemedicine,414
Intimate partner violence, personality disorders and,352–355
Olmstead v. L.C.,269
IPSRT.
See Interpersonal and social rhythm therapy
IQ.
See also Cognition
low,22
IRT.
See Imagery rehearsal therapy
Jails.
See also Incarceration; Prisons
sleeping in prison vs. jail,91–96,
94stays in,15
Jobs, after leaving prison,468
Job stress,124.
See also Burnout
Justice,30
restorative,450
KAP.
See SAMHSA Knowledge Application Program
Kaplan, Howard B.,9Keats, John,183–184, 353
Kennedy, John F.,155
Kerman, Piper,371–372, 397
King, Martin Luther, Jr.,444
Kintsukuroi,207
Kitchheimer, Otto,6Kretschmer, Ernst,7Krohn, Martin D.,9“The Lakh-up Monster,”3,
4Lakoff, George,53
Laub, John H.,9Leap for Ladies,475Legislation“Declaration of Sentiments,”377
HIPAA,xviii, 16
Prison Rape Elimination Act,12, 318, 376, 382, 385
Lemert, Edwin M.,8Lennon, John J.,449
Level of Service Inventory—Revised,53
LGBTQ+ personsissues in prison,412
in prisons,384
Lies,412–415
knowing the ultimate truth and,431
Limit setting,67–69
Listeningactive,37, 40,
38–
39personal,39–40
professional,39–40
Livesley, W. John,330
Locke, John,6Lockups,14
Lombroso, Cesare,7, 378
Longtermers’ Responsibility Project,449
Loss,314
Machismo,445
MACT.
See Manual-assisted cognitive therapy
Major depressive disordergrief and,160,
161trauma and,195
Major depressive episode (MDE),314
Maladaptive thinking,52, 433–434
Malingeringdefinition of,422–423
detecting,424
diagnosis of,428–429
suicidal behavior and,429–430
Manialithium for stabilization of patient,321–322
prodromes and,323
supportive psychotherapy approaches with affective components,311treating the manic patient in prison,318,
321ManKind project,408
Manual-assisted cognitive therapy (MACT),178
The Marshall Project,xxi
Martinson, Robert,6Marx, Karl,6Masculinity issues,405–411,
410.
See also Culture; Men, in prison
hegemonic masculinity,406
public performances of masculinity,408
toxicity and,406
MATCH project,248, 250
Matza, David,8McKay, Henry D.,9MDE.
See Major depressive disorder
Measure of Criminogenic Thinking Styles (MOCTS),52
Medicationcompared with supportive psychotherapy,200–201
drug abuse and,233facilitating,313
vs. meditation,96–98
patient’s ambivalence about taking medication,298
in prison,258
for sleep,92
for substance use disorders,258
for suicidal patients,185–196
for treatment of SMI,297–298
Meditation,12vs. medication,96–98
Mednick, Sarnoff,7Memoriesconnecting with,159
intrusive,195
repressed,49
traumatic,211–212
Men, in prison.
See also Gender
addressing gender bias and stereotyping when working with men,242,
243culture of men’s prisons,113
developments that lead to criminality or violence,108
frequency of ASPD in,332
male-on-male rape,406
masculinity issues,405–411, 410
substance use disorders in,229, 241
supermasculine role models,405
Mental illness.
See also Serious mental illness; Substance abuse disorders
after leaving prison,470–471
case vignettes,177–178, 430
categories of,492
criminalization of,269–271
“green flags” suggesting symptoms are real,429lack of history of,428
malingering,422–424, 427–431
suicide and,177–178
in veterans,455–456
“yellow flags” to diagnosing mental illness,425–
427Mentalization,27, 394
Merton, Robert K.,9Messerschmidt, James W.,7Messner, Steven F.,9Metacognition,295
Me Too movement,377
MI.
See Motivational interviewing
Miller, Walter B.,9Mindfulness,12Mindfulness-based therapy, for treatment of trauma,200
Miscommunication,41
Misdemeanor,14
MOCTS.
See Measure of Criminogenic Thinking Styles
Modelsalternative model of PDs,328–329
APIC model,398
Assertive Community Treatment model,398
categorical model of PDs,328
Core Conflictual Relationship Model,16
dimensional model of PDs,328, 329
FACT model,398
Good Lives Model,12, 21
sequential intercept model,268
supermasculine role models,405
trauma recovery and empowerment model,212–214,
215Trauma Recovery and Empowerment Model,212,
215Trauma Recovery Improvement Model,208
of trauma risk factors,197
Moffitt, Terrie,7Mollificationdefinition of,50related to criminal beliefs,55Mood disorders.
See also Bipolar disorder; Depression; Serious mental illness
overview,307–309
supportive psychotherapy for,309–310,
311well-being therapy,309
Morality,446
Moral reconation therapy,12Motivational interviewing (MI),43–44
techniques,248–249
for treatment of substance use disorders,230–231
Narcissistic personality disorder (NPD)challenges of working with NPD in prison,337–338
defining features of,337
DSM-5-TR features of,337
prevalence of NPD in corrections,337
supportive psychotherapy techniques and tips for,338,
339Narrative therapy,213–214, 476
Natapoff, Alexandra,443
National Center for Injury Prevention and Control,163
National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH)Illness Management and Recovery Kit,276–277
Mood Chart,320
National Institute on Drug Abuse, principles of drug abuse treatment for criminal justice populations,231–
232National Survey of American Life,194
Newman, Oscar,6NGRI.
See “Not guilty by reason of insanity”
Nightmare disorder, DSM-5-TR diagnostic criteria for,215–216
Nightmares,63–64, 196
trauma and,214–217
NIMH.
See National Institute of Mental Health
Nonsuicidal self-injurious behavior (NSSIB)assessing,176–177
differences between suicidal behaviors and,175–176
overview,175
Normalizing,142
“Not guilty by reason of insanity” (NGRI),292
NPD.
See Narcissistic personality disorder
NSSIB.
See Nonsuicidal self-injurious behavior
Nye, F. Ivan,8OARS technique,43
Observing,41
Offender Personality Disorder (OPD),343
Offendersdescription of,48
low-risk,55
Ohio Risk Assessment System (ORAS),52
Ohlin, Lloyd,8Oklahoma Partnership for Successful Reentry,475Olanzapine, for management of suicidal behavior,185
OPD.
See Offender Personality Disorder
Opioid use, after leaving prison,470–471
ORAS.
See Ohio Risk Assessment System
Paperwork, after leaving prison,471
Paranoid personality disorder (PPD)challenges of working with PPD in prison,339
defining features of,338–339
prevalence of PPD in corrections,339
supportive psychotherapy techniques and tips for,339
Park, Robert Ezra,8Parole, after leaving prison,468–469
Pasko, Lisa,7Passive ideation,167
Patient Health Questionnaire–9 (PHQ-9),307
Patientsadjusting therapy to the patient,134
affect of,42
approach to,236–237
“black out” period of,31
communication with,41–42
description of,xxi
desirable elements of a supportive relationship,105determining interests of,64
high-profile,109
interviews with,11–12
long-term,299
management of emotions,69
modeling and identification with the therapist,70
psychopathic,109
reacting and adjusting to patient’s style,134
somatic complaints of,310
talking to trauma-affected patients,218–219
“upgrading” defenses of,62
working with the good patient,143
work skills and,69–70
Patterson, Marla,347
PCL-R.
See Psychopathy Checklist—Revised
PDs.
See Personality disorders
Peers,53
“lifer’s group,”447
relationships with, after leaving prison,472
support groups and,250
use of substances and,230
Pelican Bay Prison,419
Pepinsky, Harold,6Persistent complex bereavement disorder, diagnostic criteria in DSM-5-TR,157
Persistent depressive disorder,316
supportive psychotherapy approaches with affective components,311Personalismo,445
Personality, description of,327–328
Personality disorders (PDs)anger management,355–356,
356,
357antisocial personality disorder,331–353
borderline personality disorder,333–337
clinical pessimism about treatment for,329–330
DSM-5 and DSM-5-TR diagnostic criteria for,328
intimate partner violence and,353–355
models of,328–329
narcissistic personality disorder,337–338,
339overview,327–329
paranoid personality disorder,338–339
psychopaths with,346–352,
352,
353quarantine zone,359
supportive therapy for,330
treatment,329–331
barriers to therapy for patients with PD,331violent offenders with,340–345
Personal listening,39–40
PHQ-9.
See Patient Health Questionnaire–9
Physical healthafter leaving prison,470–471
medical complaints and SMI,292–293
trauma and,204–205
PICTS.
See Psychological Inventory of Criminal Thinking Styles
PILOTS Database,212
“Playing politics,”411–412
Police officers, “qualified immunity” for,xv
Pollak, Otto,7, 378
Positive psychology, history of,20
Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD),198–199
chronic,198
complex,205–206
lifetime prevalence of,195
risk factors for developing,204
Posttraumatic stress injury (PTSI),381–382
Power orientationdefinition of,50related to criminal beliefs,55PPD.
See Paranoid personality disorder
Prader-Willis syndrome,456
Praise,71
PREA.
See Prison Rape Elimination Act
Principlism,446
Prisonersaccess to the internet,274
agenda for treating time-challenged prisoners,451description of,xxi
destructive effects of prison life on,277
lifestyle of,25–26
mistreatment of,56
outside activities for,294
prison-to-jail reassignment of,14
recidivism and,xvii˚
requests for privileges,415–416
violent, aggressive, and/or disruptive,431–434
therapeutic strategies to lessen disruptive behaviors,435violent, aggressive, and/or disruptive behavior, case vignette,433
Prison Fellowship,475“Prison paranoia” talk,288
Prison Rape Elimination Act (PREA),12, 83, 318, 386, 382, 385
Prisons.
See also Incarceration; Jails
benefits and risks of working in women’s prisons,388
coordination of programs pre- and postrelease,478–479
education programs in,458–459
environment in,460
examples of prison programming that affect prisoners psychologically,5,
10examples of prison programming with significant content,5,
11high school equivalency programs for prisoners,474
leavingchallenges of,466–472
crisis response safety plan—trauma-informed and reentry version,481–
482prerelease jitters,477–478
programs and approaches to life outside prison,472–474
education and training,473–474
examples of postrelease reentry programs,475examples of prerelease reentry programs,475psychological and emotional challenges of,471–472
recidivism statistics,486–487
reentry capsule,485–486
short timer’s syndrome,478
supportive psychotherapy and,474–486
therapist’s agenda for the “nearly departed” person,484working with the soon to be released person,479–483
rule violations and illegal acts,421–422
sleeping in jail vs. prison,91–96,
94stressors upon entry into,153–154
Prison-to-jail reassignment,14
Privilegesvs. protection,422
requests for,415–416
Probation, after leaving prison,468–469
Professional listening,39–40
Projectiondescription of,56
example of,45
Project MATCH,248, 250
Prosocial thinking,341,
342Pseudomutuality,109
Psychodynamic-interpersonal therapy,185
Psychoeducation,209, 212, 315, 317
for persons with SMI,273–274
Psychological Inventory of Criminal Thinking Styles (PICTS),52
Psychological observation,166
Psychopathsmotivation for treatment,350–351
preconditions for treatment of,349–350
program to modify a criminal lifestyle,353recommendations for treatment of,351,
352with severe personality disorders,346–352
Psychopathy.
See also Antisocial personality disorder
Psychopathy Checklist—Revised (PCL-R),346
Psychotherapistsactivities in correctional settings,5,
12–
13family and,293–294
Psychotherapy.
See also Supportive relationship
“distributive,”142
goals of,201
supportive,127–128
trauma-centered,210
for treatment of adjustment disorders,201
for treatment of trauma,210–211
PTSD.
See Posttraumatic stress disorder
PTSI.
See Posttraumatic stress injury
Punishment, cruel and unusual,30
Purpose-in-Life Test,447
Quality of life, after prison release,476–477
Quarantine zone,359
Quine, Willard Van Orman,53
Quinney, Richard,6Race.
See also Culture
race-based trauma,xvi
structural and systemic racism,443
Rage, 195.
See also Culture
Rape, male-on-male, 406.
See also Sexual assault, occurrence of
Rationalization, of criminal behaviors,49
Reasoning and Rehabilitation,341
Reassurance,57–58
Recidivism,xvii
“Central Eight” risk/need factors for,21–22
prevention of,22
rates of,25
reduction of,27, 32
of women,397
Reckless, Walter,8Recovering alcoholic, definition of,272–273
Reframing,133–134
Reik, Theodor,182
Relationships, personal, after leaving prison,469–470
Remand prisons,15
Rendell, Ruth,383
Requestsfor medical assistance,416–417
for privileges,415–416
special,416–417
Resiliencein the face of difficulties,194–195
positive role models for,218
in stressor-related disorders,203–204
in treatment of trauma,217–218
Resistanceto change,115–116
in a supportive relationship,113–119,
117–
118Respect,444
Response safety plan,254
Responsivity, description of,22
Restorative justice,450
Restrictive housingdescription of,171
therapy in,174
disciplinary segregation,171
involuntary,275–276
segregation and,171
SMI and,274–276
solitary confinement,171, 174
voluntary,275–276
Risk-need-responsivity (RNR) theory,21–22, 31, 239, 378.
See also Serious mental illness
after leaving prison,473
critics of,23
mental illness and,273
sex offenders and,451
thinking styles and,49–54,
50–
51RNR.
See Risk-need-responsivity theory
Roadmap to Recovery,467
“Rogerian” supportive therapy,210
Rogers, Carl,39–40
Rosenberg Self Esteem Scale,129
Rosenfeld, Richard,9Rule of law,30
Rusche, George,6Safer Foundation,475Safetycrisis response and safety plans for the patient with suicidal behavior,169–170
key elements of,214Safety, hope, autonomy, respect, and empathy (SHARE),197
SAMHSA.
See Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration
SAMHSA Knowledge Application Program (KAP),238
SAMHSA Treatment Improvement ProtocolTIP34, 233, 235
TIP42, 240
TIP50, 246
TIP56, 409
TIP57, 208
Sampson, Robert,9Saunders, J.W.,389
Schizophrenia.
See also Serious mental illness
addressing depression in prison,297challenges of using supportive therapy and strategies for dealing with them,300criminality and,292
depression in,295–296
metacognitive approaches to treatment of,295
psychotic illnesses and,276–278
value of relating to patients who are in jail or prison,279SCP.
See Society of Correctional Physicians
Second Chance Pell grants,474
Security threat group (STG) experts,413Seeking Safety,208, 212–213
key elements of,214self-care and,222
Segregation, SMI and,274–276
Self-care,222–223,
223Self-disclosure,98
case vignette,98
Self-efficacy,476
Self-esteemrealistic,57
reassurance and enhancement of,57–58
Self-harm,175–177, 183
Self-identity,476
Seneca Falls Convention,377
Sentimentality, definition of,50Sequential intercept model,268
Serious mental illness (SMI),162, 492.
See also Mental illness; Mood disorders; Risk-need responsivity theory; Schizophrenia
challenges in supportive work with SMI patients,298–299,
299co-occurring mental illnesses,296
co-occurring substance use,293
criminality and schizophrenia,292
criminalization of the mentally ill,269–271
definitions of,267
family contacts and,293–294,
295hallucinations and delusions,280–290
ideas of reference,288–290
medical complaints and,292–293
medications for treatment of,297–298
outside activities for prisoners,294
overview,267–269
prevalence of,268
psychopathy,271–272
recovery from,272–273
schizophrenia and psychotic illnesses,276–278
segregation and,274–276
social skills training,291,
291stigma of,274, 294–295
supportive psychotherapy and education for persons with,273–274
therapeutic relationship and,279–280
treatment for,297–298
Serious Psychological Distress (SPD),13–14
Sex offenders,450–454
GLM and,451–454
Sexual assault, occurrence of,206.
See also Rape, male-on-male
Sexual relationshipssame-sex relationships in prison,383–384
types of,384
Sexual Treatment of Offenders in Prison (STOP),12“Shaman effect,”242
Shame, description of,251–252
SHARE.
See Safety, hope, autonomy, respect, and empathy
Sharp, Boyd,48
Sharpton, Al,444
Shaw, Clifford R.,8Sheldon, William,7Short-term psychodynamic psychotherapy (STPP),307–308
Short timer’s syndrome,478
“Shot-callers,”411
Simon, Kevin M.,444
Simon, Rita,7Sing Sing prison,449
“Sitter Outside the Cell,”435Skills Training in Affective and Interpersonal Regulation (STAIR),212, 214
Sleeplack of during incarceration,91–96,
94,
95medication for,92
“Slough of Despond,”316
SMART (Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Relevant, and Time-Bound) concept,128, 250
SMI.
See Serious mental illness
Smith-Magenis syndrome,456
SOAR.
See Survivors of Abuse and Rape
Social consciousness, “woke” and,xv
Social dysfunction,196
Society of Correctional Physicians (SCP),171
Sociopathy.
See Antisocial personality disorder
Solution-focused therapy,182
Somatic complaints,310
SPD.
See Serious Psychological Distress
Splitting,390
STAIR.
See Skills Training in Affective and Interpersonal Regulation
Stanford Justice Advocacy Project,268
“Staying Alive,”7Stepping Up, Stepping Out program,275
STEPPS.
See Systems Training for Emotional Predictability and Problem Solving
Stewart, Altha,xv
Stewart, Martha,397
STG.
See Security threat group experts
STOP.
See Sexual Treatment of Offenders in Prison
Stories,62–64
Storytelling,476
STPP.
See Short-term psychodynamic psychotherapy
Stress.
See also Trauma
from COVID-19,239
n2
Stress inoculation therapy,214
Stressorsresilience and,203–204
stressor-related disorders,195–198
symptoms of,197–198
upon prison entry,153–154
Substance abuseadvice from substance abuse and mental health services administration about masculinity issues and,410after leaving prison,470–471
myths about anger in,356prevalence of,206
trauma and,205
Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA),xxii, 194–195, 208, 479
TIPS,76, 409
Substance dependence.
See Substance use disorders
Substance use,43
prevalence of,229
SMI and,293
Substance use disorders (SUDs).
See also Alcohol use disorders; Antisocial personality disorder; Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
assessment of,248–249
case vignettes,237–238, 244–245
competencies for counseling women with substance use disorders,247–
248co-occurring disorders,239–241
DUI charges and,249–250
ethical challengers of,256–259
men’s issues,241
overview,229–230,
231–
233problematic,254,
255relapse prevention,252–253
suicide and,246
treatment,230, 233–239
in veterans,455–456
in women in prison,387
women’s issues,245–246,
247–
248SUDs.
See Substance use disorders.
See also Substance abuse
Suicidal ideation,167, 196, 315
malingering and,429–430
Suicide.
See also Death; Grief
and BPD,179–180
chronically suicidal patients,179–184
case vignette,181
depression and,178–179
hospitalization for,182
in jails and prisonsassessment and management,165–167
challenges of assessing and treating suicidal behavior in corrections,167–168,
168crisis response safety plans,169–170,
172,
173protective factors,165,
166restrictive housing and,171–174
therapy in,174
risk factors for,162–165,
164risk of suicide on death row,174–175
therapeutic interventions for the patient with suicidal ideation,168–169,
170,
171legal provider-assisted,161
medication and,185–186
mental illness and,177–178
multiple attempts of,168
nonsuicidal self-injurious behavior,175–177
not well thought out theme of,178
prevention in jails and prisons,161–162
programs for reducing risk,178–179
rates of,161–162, 174
risks of,162, 200
in veterans,455
substance use and,246, 254,
255of women in prison,184–185
Suicide watch,11–12
interview with a patient on,166
Sumner, William Graham,6Superoptimism, definition of,50“Supportive,” description of,234
Supportive psychotherapistas agent of punishment or retribution,29
challenges of,32
modeling and identification with the therapist,70
principles of,30–31
typical building blocks of,28Supportive psychotherapyadvising and telling,64–71
determining patient’s interests,64
giving permission,67
giving praise when appropriate,71
helping patients manage their emotions,69
incorporating homework,70–71
limit setting,67–69
limit testing,69
outside the therapy session,68–69
within the therapy and clinic,68
making suggestions,66
modeling and identification with the therapist,70
offering advice,65–66
overview,64
strong advice and explicit direction,66,
67work skills,69–70
for ASPD,333
for BPD,334–336,
335brief,26–27
vs. CBT,209–210
characteristics of,278
common factors of,26
confrontation,42–44
defenses and coping behaviors,44–54
case vignette,49
classification styles useful in corrections,46–
47criminal thinking styles,50–
51, 55
examples of,45
description of,17, 31
ethical issues for,29–31
explanations of patient’s experiences,44, 58–62
displaced explanations,59–60,
61genetic and historical explanations,61
timing,59
“upgrading” a patient’s defenses,62
goals of,17,
18–
20, 32
history of,16, 31
induced dichotomy,64
interventions for,51–52
interventions for sex offenders,453listening and asking questions,39–42
medication and,200–201
for mood disorders,309–310,
311for NPD,338,
339for PDs,330
for PPD,339
with prisoners,18–20, 16–23,
24for prisoners leaving prison,474–486
reality testing,54–57
case vignette,56
reassurance and enhancement of self-esteem,57–58
relationship between cognitive-behavioral therapy and,84–91,
85stem of a “Y,”32
stories and dreams,62–64
supportive-expressive psychotherapy,234
techniques,235
communication,37,
38direction,37,
40OARS,43
overview,37
Supportive relationshipburnout,124–126,
127control and,126
countertransference,119–120,
121,
122criminality predisposition,122–124
dependency and,113
elements of,104–105
carefully controlled,106desirable,105nonsupportive,107ending therapy,144–145
engagement in therapy,126–127
entitlement and,113
high-profile patients and,109
humor and,112–113
mismanaged empathy,110–111
negative therapeutic reactions,108–109
overview,103–104
pseudomutuality and,109
psychopathic patients and,109
resistance and,113–119,
117–
118silence and,114
“sustain talk,”113–114
techniques to make treatment more effectiveaddressing criminogenic factors,137, 139–140
adjusting therapy to the patient,134
asking permission,135
avoiding gifts and gift giving,143
being dynamic,144
correcting early problems,136
countering criminogenic thinking styles,138–
139developing your own impression,134–135
directing the content,140–141
exploring surface issues,135
focusing on specific issues,142–143
generating and conveying empathy,132–133
generating an expectation of realistic gains,136–137
instilling hope,133
judging effectiveness of interventions,144
learning about trauma,143–144,
145making “happy talk,”135–136, 140
normalizing,142
noticing discrepancies,143
noticing unusual behaviors,143
reacting and adjusting to patient’s style,134
reframing,133–134
therapeutic slowdown,140,
141updating,141–142
use of repetition,140
working on ongoing issues,137
working with the good patient,143
transference and,105–106
managing,111–112
treatment planning,128–132,
130–
131triage and supportive psychotherapy,127–128
Survivors of Abuse and Rape (SOAR),12Sutherland, Edwin,8Sykes, Gresham,8Syllogism, examples of,380
Sympathy, vs. empathy,110
Systems Training for Emotional Predictability and Problem Solving (STEPPS),12, 383
T4C.
See Thinking for a Change
“Talking circles,”475Tannenbaum, Frank,8TAU.
See Treatment as usual
TBI.
See Traumatic brain injury
Telemedicine interviews,414
Therapeutic alliance,78
advantages of,279–280,
279at cell side with patients,276
dialogue,88–89, 98
frequency and duration of sessions,280
hope and,280
repetition and,280
“side-by-side” use in,182
SMI and,279–280
treatment for trauma and,209
Therapeutic slowdown,140,
141Therapistchecklist when meeting patients,80desirable elements of a supportive relationship,105notes from,97
“spin the therapist” technique,391
Therapy, in restrictive housing,174
Thinking for a Change (T4C),341,
475Thinking styles,137,
138–
139Thornberry, Terence P.,9Tittle, Charles R.,9Tobin, John,353
“Toxic masculinity,” 113.
See also Prisons
Tracking,41
Transferencebalanced,106,
108description of,105–107
interpretations of,334
management in institutions,111–112
management in psychotic patient,111
in a supportive relationship,105–106
Transitional living facilities,15
Transportation, after leaving prison,468
Trauma.
See also Stress
adjustment disorders,199–203,
202in children,338–339
comorbid disorders and,205
DSM-5-TR diagnostic criteria,196–197
factors of likelihood to have a stressor-related disorder,203–207
complex trauma,205–206
criminality and,206
incarceration,206
overview,203–204
substance abuse and,205
trauma and physical health,204–205
violence and,207
flashbacks,196
historical,194
learning about,143–144,
145overview,193–195
perpetrator of,211
PTSD,198–199
race-based,xvi
risk factors model for,197
SAMHSA three E’s of trauma,194–195
stressor-related disorders,195–198
treatmentcommonalities across psychological treatments,209–210
crisis therapy vs. first aid,211–212
effectiveness of,223
establishing a plan for the future,219–222
plan of action,22, 219,
221, 222
key elements of seeking safety,214manualized programs,212–214,
214nightmares,214–217
overview,207–208
psychotherapy,210–211
recommended activities for working with trauma survivors,218resilience and,217–218
self-care,222–223,
223stages of,208
talking to trauma-affected patients,218–219
therapeutic alliance,209
Trauma-centered psychotherapy,210
Trauma-informed care,76, 208,
78overview,195
for women in prison,385–386,
386Trauma Recovery and Empowerment Model (TREM),212–213, 212–214
key elements of,215Trauma Recovery Improvement Model,208
Traumatic brain injury (TBI),457
in veterans,455
Treatment as usual (TAU),310
TREM.
See Trauma Recovery and Empowerment Model
Triage,127–128
Trustcriminals and,110–111
of patients,415
Truth, Sojourner,377
Turk, Austin,6Twain, Mark,xvii
“Uncarceral,”xvi
Urban League,476
U.S. Department of Justice,13
Prerelease program,475USP Marion,347
VA.
See Veterans Affairs
Van der Kolk, Bessel,193
Vera Institute of Justice,476
Veteransmental illness and substance use disorder in,455–456
reasons for imprisonment,454–455
traumatic brain injury in,455
Veterans Affairs (VA), services to prisoners,454–455
Violence,195
aggressive and/or disruptive behavior,431–434
case vignette of,396
impulsive,431
isolated acts of,341–342
in men,108
pathways to,272
premeditated,431
reduction of,340–341
self-directed,165
trauma and,207
Violence Reduction Program,341
Violent offendersattachment theory and,343–345,
344prosocial thinking and,342Virtue jurisprudence,23–24
Vold, George B.,6Voting, after leaving prison,469
Walters, Glenn D.,155
Warden,16
WBT.
See Well-being therapy
Weber, Max,6Well-being therapy (WBT),309
Wikipedia,xvii
n1
Williams syndrome,456
Wilson, James Q.,6“Woke,”xv
Women, in prison.
See also Gender
alcohol and substance use disorders in,387
attachment theory and,397
benefits and risks of working in women’s prisons,388
Black women incarcerated,76, 78
BPD in,386–387
common gender-predominant issues of,389–393
competencies for counseling women with substance use disorders,247–
248in the correctional environment,3–4
cultural stereotypes of,391–392
feminism and,376–385,
379frequency of ASPD in,332
guidelines for treatment of,374,
375issues when giving advice,395–396
mistreatment of,394
overview,371–372
programs for,376
recidivism,397
re-incarceration of,396–397
release of,397–398
success in the community,399same-sex relationships and,383–384
statistics and comparison to men,372–376,
373–
374substance use disorders in,229, 245–246,
247–
248suicide in prison,184–185
trauma-informed services,385–386
principles of,386working with a new patient,393
Women Offenders Repeat Self-Harm Interventions Pilot II (WORSHIP II),184–185
Women’s Prison Association,398
Work skills,69–70
WORSHIP II.
See Women Offenders Repeat Self-Harm Interventions Pilot II
XYY syndrome,456
Yates, Andrea,392
Years of potential life lost (YPLL),492
YPLL.
See Years of potential life lost
“Y-theory” of psychotherapy,16–17, 32
Zarling, Amie,354
