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Published Online: 29 July 2022

Front Matter

Publication: Hoarding Disorder: A Comprehensive Clinical Guide
HOARDING DISORDER
A Comprehensive Clinical Guide
HOARDING DISORDER
A Comprehensive Clinical Guide
Carolyn I. Rodriguez, M.D., Ph.D.
Randy O. Frost, Ph.D.
Note: The authors have worked to ensure that all information in this book is accurate at the time of publication and consistent with general psychiatric and medical standards, and that information concerning drug dosages, schedules, and routes of administration is accurate at the time of publication and consistent with standards set by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration and the general medical community. As medical research and practice continue to advance, however, therapeutic standards may change. Moreover, specific situations may require a specific therapeutic response not included in this book. For these reasons and because human and mechanical errors sometimes occur, we recommend that readers follow the advice of physicians directly involved in their care or the care of a member of their family.
Books published by American Psychiatric Association Publishing represent the findings, conclusions, and views of the individual authors and do not necessarily represent the policies and opinions of American Psychiatric Association Publishing or the American Psychiatric Association.
If you wish to buy 50 or more copies of the same title, please go to www.appi.org/specialdiscounts for more information.
Copyright © 2023 American Psychiatric Association Publishing
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
First Edition
Manufactured in the United States of America on acid-free paper
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American Psychiatric Association Publishing
800 Maine Avenue SW, Suite 900
Washington, DC 20024-2812
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
A CIP record is available from the Library of Congress.
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
A CIP record is available from the British Library.

Contents

About the Authors vii
Preface ix
Acknowledgments xi
PART I
Phenomenology
1 Introduction and History 3
2 Diagnosis and Comorbidity 27
3 Assessment 47
4 Insight and Motivation 69
PART II
Etiology
5 Cognitive-Behavioral Model 89
6 Neurobiology 109
PART III
Interventions
7 Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy 127
8 Pharmacotherapy 149
9 Harm Reduction 165
10 Community 179
PART IV
Challenges
11 Elders 199
12 Animal Hoarding 215
13 Squalor 233
14 Conclusion and Future Directions 253
APPENDICES
APPENDIX A
Structured Interview for Hoarding Disorder (SIHD) 267
APPENDIX B
Clutter Image Rating (CIR) 281
APPENDIX C
Saving Inventory—Revised (SI-R) 285
APPENDIX D
Hoarding Rating Scale (HRS) 289
APPENDIX E
Activities of Daily Living—Hoarding Scale (ADL-H) 293
Index 295

About the Authors

Carolyn I. Rodriguez, M.D., Ph.D., is associate chair and associate professor and director of the Translational Therapeutics Lab in the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences at Stanford University School of Medicine in Stanford, California. Dr. Rodriguez received her B.S. in computer science from Harvard University, followed by an M.D. from Harvard Medical School–M.I.T. and a Ph.D. in neuroscience and genetics from Harvard Medical School. Born in San Juan, Puerto Rico, she now lives with her husband and three children in Palo Alto, California.
Randy O. Frost, Ph.D., is Harold Edward and Elsa Siipola Israel Professor Emeritus of Psychology at Smith College in Northampton, Massachusetts. Dr. Frost received his Ph.D. in clinical psychology from the University of Kansas. He lives with his wife in Northampton, Massachusetts, and Bonita Springs, Florida. He has two children and three grandchildren.

Preface

Written for psychiatrists, psychologists, human service and other mental health professionals, peer support counselors, community advocates, and professionals in training, this book presents in detail the diagnosis, phenomenology, neurobiology, and pharmacotherapeutic and psychotherapeutic treatments for hoarding disorder. In addition, health science and basic science students may benefit from advancing their knowledge on the topic to further contribute interdisciplinary approaches to our understanding of hoarding behaviors. This book draws on the authors’ extensive experience in mental health treatment (psychiatry/psychology) as well as reviews and compiles published research findings. This book will improve a clinician’s knowledge and skill in treating patients with hoarding disorder—those with straightforward presentations as well as those with complicated ones. This is a practical guide and essential resource for treatment planning. Each chapter includes key clinical points that reflect the latest thinking in each topic area. The final chapter describes future directions that are possible because of advances that have occurred in the field and increased awareness of the disorder. The book’s appendices contain useful symptom rating scales. This book represents a unique compilation, bringing together a wealth of information not otherwise available in a single source.
The authors have made every effort to provide accurate and up-to-date information at the time of publication. That said, clinical standards evolve as knowledge continually changes—informed by both research and regulation. Furthermore, the authors’ understanding of this field is informed by their mental health background and represents only one of many possible views. In this spirit, we humbly invite the reader to point us toward new information or additional information that should be included in future editions. Readers are encouraged to seek detailed information from the manufacturer of any drugs they plan to use. They can also access the hoarding disorder resource pages curated by the American Psychiatric Association (https://www.psychiatry.org/patients-families/hoarding-disorder) and the International OCD Foundation (www.iocdf.org/hoarding) to gain more information on training, referrals, and educational materials.

Acknowledgments

From Carolyn

I am indebted to many individuals who have supported the genesis of this book. I want to thank my patients, their families, and the many research study participants who have helped me understand the profound impact of this illness on their lives. Laura Roberts, chair of Stanford’s Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, encouraged the development of this book and has been an inspiration and stalwart advocate from our first meeting. Lorrin Koran, professor emeritus and founder of the Stanford OCD Clinic, has been a fierce champion, thoughtful mentor and collaborator, and model for going the extra mile for patients. Alan Schatzberg, former Chair of Stanford’s Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, has been a long-time sponsor and visionary collaborator, and I am thankful our paths crossed early in my career. I am grateful to my lab, students, and collaborators who continue to push the envelope.
It has been an honor to coauthor this book with my mentor and research collaborator, Randy Frost, who not only pioneered the hoarding disorder field but also has fostered a culture of collaboration and inclusion within its academic, clinical, advocacy, and community components. His efforts—alongside the efforts of numerous esteemed and newly engaged hoarding disorder colleagues—have enabled researchers and clinicians to create new research, treatments, advocacy, and hope. Lee Shuer and Becca Belofsky have imparted wisdom about the importance of language, stigma, and intention, which helped to shape my research, partnerships, and approach to care; I am grateful for their partnership. I also wish to give a special thanks to Becky Fullmer for her skillful editing, thoughtful feedback, and kind support on this project from beginning to end. I greatly appreciate the assistance of the staff of American Psychiatric Association Publishing.
This book is dedicated to individuals and their loved ones impacted by hoarding disorder and in loving memory of Karen Million. I wish to express my gratitude to my treasured friend Christina for her compassion and steadfast support. My brother Walter, sister-in-law Masami, nephews Oliver and Elliott, sister-in-law Elizabeth, and brothers-in-law Evan and Erik have been a constant source of encouragement and warmth. My parents, Walter and Melba, sacrificed greatly to give my brother and me educational opportunities; they were my first and most valuable teachers. I am above all grateful for the love and unwavering support of my husband, Ryan, and my children, Ryan, Alex, and Marisa.

From Randy

I owe much to my wife, Sue; my daughters, Erica and Olivia; and their families, whose love and support have sustained me through the writing of this book. The landscape of this work is populated by three groups of people: the professionals who study and treat the problem, the people who live with it, and the family and friends who often bear a great deal of the burden. There are hundreds of people from each of these groups who deserve my thanks for helping me develop an understanding of this problem. The sharing of information by these three groups has allowed us to detail what we know about hoarding in this volume. A special thanks is due to the people who work tirelessly to bridge the gaps between these groups. The International OCD Foundation and its staff provide a forum for education and training that has advanced the field tremendously. Lee Shuer and Becca Belofsky have been wonderful colleagues and friends from whom I have learned a great deal about the lived experience of hoarding. Gail Steketee, my close friend and colleague in research for more than 30 years, has been a constant source of support and inspiration. Thanks are also due to Becky Fullmer, who has been adept at editing much of our prose. A special thanks to my students, who have stimulated much of my thinking about the development of attachments to possessions over the 30-plus years that I have been studying hoarding. Finally, it has been a special treat for me to work with my coauthor, Carolyn Rodriguez, on this book. She has been a joy as well as a source of many new ideas for paths forward in the study of hoarding.

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Hoarding Disorder: A Comprehensive Clinical Guide
Pages: i - xii

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Published in print: 29 July 2022
Published online: 5 December 2024
© American Psychiatric Association Publishing

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