Page numbers printed in boldface type refer to tables and figures.
Academic-public partnerships,187–190
Accumulation, squalor and,235,
236Acquisitionof animals,217
assessment of,64
as comorbidity of hoarding disorder,41
denial of excessive,34
excessive,41, 104, 130
of free things,34, 56, 103
of possessions,32, 33
strength of the urge to acquire,130
triggers,130
Activities of Daily Living—Hoarding Scale (ADL-H),49,
52, 134, 169, 184
sample of,293–294
ADHDas comorbidity of hoarding disorder,38–39
comorbidity with hoarding disorder,132
hoarding and,93–94
ADL-H.
See Activities of Daily Living—Hoarding Scale Adolescents, hoarding in,15–16
Adult Protective Services (APS),167–168, 170, 185–186
Age.
See Adolescents; Children; Elders
Alighieri, Dante,4
Amphetamine salts,154
Animal hoardingbreeders and,222
case example of,223
criminal proceedings with,219
criminal prosecution for animal abuse,225
culture and,220
definition of,215–216
demographics and course of,220–221
DSM-5 and,216–218, 228
etiology,222–224
exploiters,222, 228
features of hoarding behaviors,118–119, 120, 218–220
interventions,225–227
mouse models,260
overview,215–216
parasitic infection as conduit for,224
recognition of,226–227
rescuers,221–222, 224, 228
subtypes,221–222, 228
translational animal models,119
types of animals,220
Anorgasmia,158
Anosognosia,70–76,
71Anthropomorphism Questionnaire (AQ),60–61
Antisocial personality disorder, with animal hoarding,222
APS.
See Adult Protective Services
AQ.
See Anthropomorphism Questionnaire Aristotle,3, 8
Atomoxetine, for treatment of hoarding disorder,153
Attachmentsanimal hoarding and,223–224
deficits and,92–93
to possessions,57–58, 257–258
Augmentation treatments, for treatment of hoarding disorder,154
Australian Twin Registry,15
Avaricious Man,3–4
Avoidance, experiential,92, 102
Behaviorconsequence of,193
features of animal and human hoarding behaviors,118–119
hoarding,182
hoarding behaviors attributable to another medical condition vs. hoarding disorder,112–113
BIT.
See Buried in Treasures (BIT) Workshop
“Black box” warning,159
Bleak House,4
Board of Health,183, 191
Boston University School for Social Work,189
Bulimia, as comorbidity of hoarding disorder,39
Buried in Treasures (BIT) Workshop,133–134, 143, 188, 189
CAS.
See Compulsive Acquisition Scale
Case examplesof animal hoarding,223
of community approach to hoarding,191–192
of comorbid hoarding disorder and inattention,159–160
of comorbid hoarding disorder and mild major depression,156–157
of comorbid hoarding disorder and severe major depression,157–159
of fluoxetine,158
of harm reduction,172–176
of hoarding,61–62
of methylphenidate extended-release,159–160
of paroxetine,156–157
of squalor,241–246
of venlafaxine,158
CAS-Free.
See Compulsive Acquisition Scale—Free
Categorization, difficulties with,94–95
CBM-I.
See Cognitive bias modification of interpretation
CBT.
See Cognitive-behavioral therapy, for hoarding
CFT.
See Compassion-focused therapy
CGI.
See Clinical Global Impression—Improvement scale
CGI-I.
See Clinical Global Impression—Improvement scale; Clinical Global Impression Severity of Illness
Child Protection Services,167–168, 185–186
Childrenhoarding in,15–16, 255
assessment,56
guardian ad litem for,185
pets and,223
Children’s Saving Inventory (CSI),52, 56, 255
Chronic disorganization, definition of,186
CIR.
See Clutter Image Rating
City of Vancouver Hoarding Action Response Team (HART),185
Clinical Global Impression—Improvement (CGI-I) scale,152
Clinical Global Impression (CGI) Severity of Illness,135–136
Clutter.
See also Home
severity of,38
squalor and,235,
236, 248
“Clutter blindness,”73–74, 95
Clutter Image Rating (CIR),48–49,
50,
52, 72–73, 134, 150, 169, 183–184, 188, 190, 242
sample of,281,
282–
284Clutter Scale from the Saving Inventory—Revised,48
Cognitiondeficits in,94, 209, 210
Cognitive-behavioral model of hoarding,90, 257
aesthetics,101–102
anxiety sensitivity and,91
comfort and safety,99
contributing factors,104
features of,91impulsivity and,92
information processing deficits,91, 93–96, 104, 120
opportunity and identity,96–99
overview,89
possessions, meaning of,91, 96, 104
reinforcement patterns,91, 102–103
responsibility,99–101
vulnerabilities to development of,89–93,
91, 104,
Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), for hoarding,259, 262.
See also Pharmacotherapy, for treatment of hoarding disorder
evidence base,133–136
follow-up findings,136–137
improvements in,143
in-home assistance for,135
overview,127–133
peer group and,133, 135
personality variables and,137
randomized controlled trials and,133, 143
treatmentdifficulty with,130
goals,129
inference-based therapy,139–140
mediators of treatment response,138
motivational interviewing,128–129
motivation for,129–130, 143
predictors of treatment outcome,137–138
therapeutic promise,127–128
visualization exercise,129
variations in and additions to,138–142
Cognitive bias modification of interpretation (CBM-I),131
Cognitive Rehabilitation and Exposure/Sorting Therapy (CREST),132–133, 135
Collectingvs. hoarding,9–10, 20
without hoarding,50
Collyer, Homer,4–6
Collyer, Langley,4–6
Collyer Brothers Park,6
COMMIT,141
Community partnerships,190
case example of,191–192
public health officials,183
Compassion-focused therapy (CFT),138
Compensatory cognitive training,132
Compulsive Acquisition Scale (CAS),52, 56–57,
Compulsive Acquisition Scale—Free (CAS-Free),57
Compulsive buying,34, 254–255
Compulsive Cognitions Working Group,137
Concept formation, difficulties with,94–95
Copro-symbols,8
Critical time intervention (CTI; CTI-HD),188
CSI.
See Children’s Saving Inventory
CTI.
See Critical time intervention
CTI-HD.
See Critical time intervention
Culture, of hoardingAmerican,17
animal hoarding,220
Asian,17
Chinese,17
hoarding and,16–19
Indian,17–18
Iranian,18
Japanese,17
Latin American,18
lost objects and,16–17
Manusians of Papua New Guinea,16–17
Portuguese-speaking countries,18
Spanish-speaking countries,18
Tasaday of the Philippines,17
television shows about,19
Turkish,18
CYP.
See Cytochrome P450 (CYP) isoenzyme system
Cytochrome P450 (CYP) isoenzyme system,159
Dead Souls,4
Decision-making, impaired,95
DementiaMRI studies in patients with cooccurring OCD, dementia, and other neurological disorders,113–114
squalor and,245–246
Depressioncase example of comorbid hoarding disorder and mild major depression,156–157
comorbid hoarding disorder and severe major depression,157–159
as comorbidity of hoarding disorder,38
hoarding symptoms and,16
treatment for,61–62
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 3rd Edition, Revised (DSM-III-R)hoarding-like behavior as diagnostic criterion for OCPD in,28–29
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th Edition, Text Revision (DSM-IV-TR)hoarding as a form of OCD,27
hoarding as a form of OCPD,27
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition (DSM-5)adoption of hoarding disorder,3
animal hoarding and,216–218, 228
definition of definition of hoarding,254
diagnostic criteria for hoarding,10, 13–14
diagnostic criteria for hoarding disorder,30–35
functional MRI studies using DSM-5hoarding criteria,116–117
hoarding before,27–29
hoarding in,29–35
Dickens, Charles,4
Difficulty Discarding subscale,59
Dimensional Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (DY-BOCS),16
Diogenes syndrome,203–204
Discardingavoidance of,104
as cause of impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning,32
consequences of difficulty of,32
criterion,29
“difficulty” of,31, 57–58, 130–131
distress associated with,31
parting with objects,235
Doyle, Sir Arthur Conan,4
DSM-III-R. See Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. 3rd Edition, RevisedDSM-IV-TR. See Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th EditionDSM-5. See Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th EditionDY-BOCS.
See Dimensional Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale
ECCS.
See Environmental Cleanliness and Clutter Scale
Education.
See also Public-academic partnerships
community partners and,189
Effexor, for treatment of depression,61–62
Eldersabuse prevention services,185
changes in social context of,202–203
death of spouse,203
financial stability,203
functional impairments associated with late-life hoarding,202–205
hoarding behavior in,199
hoarding prevalence and severity in,199–202
interventions for hoarding and,207–209
medical comorbidities in elders who hoard,205–207
mobility,210
prevalence in,210
psychiatric comorbidity and associated features of late-life hoarding,207
social isolation,206
Eliot, George,4
Emergency medical team,184–185
Emotions, dysfunctions in regulation of,90
Environmental Cleanliness and Clutter Scale (ECCS),57, 240
Essentialism,96
Eviction,182, 187
Experiential avoidance,92, 102
Fair Housing Act,183
Familyeffect of hoarding on,172–174
hoarding and,12, 90
FDA.
See U.S. Food and Drug Administration
Fluoxetine, case example of,158
Fluvoxamine, for treatment of hoarding disorder,153–154
Freud, Sigmund,8
Fromm, Erich,8
Furby, Lita,7–8
GAD.
See Generalized anxiety disorder
Gambling, as comorbidity of hoarding disorder,39
GATS.
See Graves Anthropomorphism Task Scale
Gender, hoarding disorder and,37
Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), as comorbidity of hoarding disorder,39
Genetics,109–112
Gogol, Nikolai,4
“Good home syndrome,”101
Graves Anthropomorphism Task Scale (GATS),61
guardian ad litem,185
HARC.
See Hoarding of Animals Research Consortium
Harm reductioncase examples of,172–176
description of,176
features of the processassessment,169–170
engagement,168–169
harm reduction plan,170–171
harm reduction team,170, 176
initiation,167–168
maintenance, home visits, and agreement failures,171–172
goals,165, 176
model,166–167
overview,165–166
personal safety,169–170
phases of,167, 176
principles,166–167, 168–169
HART.
See City of Vancouver Hoarding Action Response Team
HAS.
See Hoarding Assessment Scale
HD-D.
See Hoarding Disorder—Dimensional Scale Health.
See also Medical conditions; Mental illness
hoarding and,11
Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA),170
HEI.
See Home Environment Index
HIPAA.
See Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act
Hoarders,19
Hoarders: Buried Alive,19
Hoarding.
See also Cognitive-behavioral model of hoarding; Cognitive-behavioral therapy; Culture; MRI studies; PET studies
ADHD and,93–94
admission of,76–77, 82
anal fixation and,8
assessmentActivities of Daily Living—Hoarding Scale,49
Anthropomorphism Questionnaire,60–61
of attachments to and beliefs about possessions,57–58
Children’s Saving Inventory,56
Clutter Image Rating,48–49,
50Clutter Rating Scale,48
Compulsive Acquisition Scale,56–57
Environmental Cleanliness and Clutter Scale,57
Graves Anthropomorphism Task Scale,61
Hoarding Assessment Scale,56
Hoarding Disorder—Dimensional Scale,54
Hoarding Rating Scale,53–54,
55Home Environment Index,57
HOMES Multi-disciplinary Hoarding Risk Assessment,49–50
home visits,64
informal observations,47–48
measure of areas of overlap to assess relationship to possessions,60
Measure of Material Scrupulosity,59
Object Attachment Scale,59
overview,47
Possessions Comfort Scale,59–60
Possessions in View,60
protocol,64
Saving Cognitions Inventory,58,
59Saving Inventory—Revised,52–53,
54Structured Interview for Hoarding Disorder,51
of symptom severity,51,
52, 120
UCLA Hoarding Severity Scale,55
behavior in minority groups,18–19
behaviors,28
case example of,61–62
characteristics of,80–81
in childhood and adolescence,15–16
vs. collecting,9–10, 20
comorbidities with,11, 38–40, 90, 239
comparison of phenomenological features and squalor,234–239,
236“compulsions,”13
consequences of,71
course of,35–37
demographics,37–38
depression and,16
before DSM-5,27–29
in DSM-5,29–35
DSM diagnostic criteria for,10, 13–14
early measures of,61
examples of,4–7
in families,90
family and,12, 172–174
features of animal and human hoarding behaviors,118–119
finance management and,11
financial costs of,11–12
health and,11
history of,3–7
hoarding-like behavior as diagnostic criterion for OCPD in DSM-III-R,28
description of,28
hoarding-like behaviors in other disorders,40–41
of inanimate objects,256
interference of life and,10–11
involvement of legal system in,182–184
isolation and,38
language and,78–79
as life-threatening,10
in literature,4, 20
in mental health,7
mental illness and,193
neural correlates of,28
obesity and,90
onset of,35–37, 41
“orientation,”8
ownership and,8
as ownership of objects,7–8
perfectionism and,77–78, 92
in popular media,4–5
prevalence of,12–16, 20, 53, 255
among older adults,200–201
epidemiological studies,13–16
public-academic partnerships,187–190
public attention to,181
quality of life and,11
range of,20
reinforcement of,258
rejecting attitudes toward people with,78
responsibility of,99–100
screening,39
self-identified,35–36
severity of,10–12, 97, 255
life events and,36
social aspects of,81
squalor measures,57
stigma of,82
symptoms of,7, 20, 51,
52, 81
changes in,143
in the elderly,210
trauma and,36
time of onset and course of symptoms,237–238
trauma and,36–37
in twins,14, 200
violence and,36–37
Hoarding Assessment Scale (HAS),52, 56
Hoarding disorder.
See also Obsessive-compulsive disorder; Pharmacotherapy, for treatment of hoarding disorder
admission vs. recognition of,76–79
assessment phase,128
case studiesof comorbid hoarding disorder and inattention,159–160
of comorbid hoarding disorder and mild major depression,156–157
of comorbid hoarding disorder and severe major depression,157–159
community and,179–180
comorbidities with,41, 132
ADHD,132
demographics of,10, 37–38
description in ICD-11,29–30
description of,138
diagnosis of,18, 216–217
DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for,30–35, 254
future directions of,253–261
harm reduction and,176
ideation, overvaluation of,79–82
included in DSM-5,3
included in ICD-11,3
insight into,70–76,
71MRI studies in patients with hoarding disorder,114
neuroimaging and,260
phenomenological differences between other mental disorders and,109, 254
poor problem recognition of,70–76,
71self-identity and,140
support group,141
symptoms of,35, 41
treatment for,62–64,
65, 193
contingency management,260
motivation,80–81
overview,69
Hoarding Disorder—Dimensional Scale (HD-D),54
Hoarding of Animals Research Consortium (HARC),215–216
Hoarding Rating Scale (HRS),14–15, 16, 48,
52, 53–54,
55, 134, 150, 200,
sample of,289–292
Hoarding Rating Scale—Interview (HRS-I),53–54, 156
Hoarding Referral Sheet,184
Hoarding task force intervention model,180–181
Home.
See also Clutter
age-related changes in,203
in-home assistance,141
level of clutter in,72, 73
professional organizers in work and home,186–187
squalor in,236, 237
unsanitary,204
visits,64, 72, 141, 170, 171–172
Home Environment Index (HEI),57, 169, 184, 240
Homelessness,182
HOMES (Health Obstacles Mental Health, Endangerment, and Structure & Safety) Multi-disciplinary Hoarding Risk Assessment,49–50,
52HOMES Multi-disciplinary Hoarding Risk Assessment,169
HRS.
See Hoarding Rating Scale
HRS-I.
See Hoarding Rating Scale Interview HRS-Self-Report,15
Humane Care for Animals Act,225
IBT.
See Inference-based therapy
ICD.
See Institute for Challenging Disorganization
ICD-11. See International Classification of Diseases, 11th RevisionICD Clutter-Hoarding Scale,184
Ideationof hoarding,79–82
of OCD,79–80
Identity,96–97
Impulsivity,92
Inference-based therapy (IBT),139–140
The Inferno,4
Information processingdeficits,91, 93–96, 104, 120, 257
Inspections Hoarding Referral Tool,184
Institute for Challenging Disorganization (ICD),184
International Classification of Diseases, 11th Revision (ICD-11).
See also World Health Organization
description of hoarding disorder,29–30
included in,3
International OCD Foundation (IOCD),150
IOCD.
See International OCD Foundation
Isolation, hoarding and,38
James, William,8
Jones, Ernest,8
Language, of hoarding,78–79
Legal system.
See also Adult Protective Services; Child Protection Services
criminal proceedings for animal hoarding,219
criminal prosecution for animal abuse,225
Guardian ad litem,185
involvement in hoarding cases,182–184
private property,183
LegislationFair Housing Act,183
Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act,170
Humane Care for Animals Act,225
A Life of Grime,6
London Field Trial for Hoarding Disorder,72
Major depressive disorder (MDD), as comorbidity of hoarding disorder,38
“Material scrupulosity,”100–101
MCHEC.
See Montreal Compulsive Hoarding Enlarged Committee
MCMI-III.
See Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory—III
MDD.
See Major depressive disorder
Measure of Material Scrupososity (MOMS),59
Medical conditions.
See also Mental illness
dementia and squalor,245–246
hoarding behaviors attributable to another medical condition vs. hoarding disorder,112–113, 120
medical comorbidities in elders who hoard,205–207
neurological injury and squalor,244–245
Medication.
See also Pharmacotherapy, for treatment of hoarding disorder drug-drug interactions,161
side effects of,155, 161
Memorydifficulties with,94
triggers for,98
Men, hoarding disorder in,37, 41
Mental illness.
See also Health
hoarding behavior and,193
psychiatric comorbidity and associated features of late-life hoarding,207
Methylphenidate extended-releasecase example of,159–160
for treatment of hoarding disorder,153
Metropolitan Boston Housing Partnership,189
Metropolitan Fire Brigade study,10, 11
Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory—III (MCMI-III),40
Minocycline,154
Models.
See also Cognitive-behavioral model of hoarding
cognitive-behavioral model of hoarding,257
of harm reduction,166–167
HART’s model of community-based intervention,185, 193
hoarding task force intervention model,180–181
mouse models of hoarding behaviors,260
of rodents hoarding,118–119, 120
translational animal models,119
MOMS.
See Measure of Material Scrupulosity
Montreal Compulsive Hoarding Enlarged Committee (MCHEC),190
Motivational interviewing,128–129, 168–169
MRI studiesfunctional MRI studies using DSM-5 hoarding criteria,116–117, 120
in patients with co-occurring OCD, dementia, and other neurological disorders,113–114
in patients with hoarding disorder,114
PET and MRI studies in OCD patients with and without hoarding symptoms,114–115
Museum of Modern Art,7
NAPO.
See National Association of Productivity and Organizing Professionals
National Association of Productivity and Organizing Professionals (NAPO),186
National Comorbidity Survey Replication,13, 205
National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol Related Conditions,13
Netherlands Twin Registry,15, 200
Neurobiologyclassification of hoarding disorder and,120
features of animal and human hoarding behaviors,118–119
functional neuroanatomy,114–117, 120
functional MRI studies using DSM-5hoarding criteria,116–117
PET and MRI studies in OCD patients with and without hoarding symptoms,114–115
genetics,109–112
hoarding behaviors attributable to another medical condition vs. hoarding disorder,112–113
neuropsychological studies,117–118
phenomenological differences between hoarding disorder and other mental disorders,109
structural abnormalities,113–114
MRI studies in patients with cooccurring OCD, dementia, and other neurological disorders,113–114
MRI studies in patients with hoarding disorder,114
translational animal models,119
Neuroimaging,260
Neuropsychological studies,117–118
New York Daily News,6
New York State Office of Mental Health (OMH) Policy Scholars program,187–188
Notice to Cure,174
OAS.
See Object Attachment Scale
Obesity, hoarding and,90, 205
Object Attachment Scale (OAS),59
Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD),3, 10.
See also Hoarding disorder
as comorbidity of hoarding disorder,39–40
in DSM-IV-TR,27
hoarding-like behavior with,40–41
MRI studies in patients with co-occurring OCD, dementia, and other neurological disorders,113–114
overvalued ideation in,79–80
PET and MRI studies in OCD patients with and without hoarding symptoms,114–115
Obsessive-compulsive personality disorder (OCPD),3, 8
criterion,13
in DSM-IV-TR,27
hoarding-like behavior as diagnostic criterion in DSM-III-R,28
OCD.
See Obsessive-compulsive disorder
OCPD.
See Obsessive-compulsive personality disorder
OMH.
See New York State Office of Mental Health Policy Scholars program
Organizationgrouping “like with like,”95
professional organizers,186–187
skills for decluttering,131–132
Ownershipdefinition of,8
hoarding and,8
“The Palace of Junk,”6
Paroxetinecase example of,156–157
for treatment of hoarding disorder,151–152
PCS.
See Possessions Comfort Scale
Penurious Man,3–4
Perfectionism,143, 258
dimension of,95–96
hoarding and,77–78, 92
squalor and,244
Personality disorders, as comorbidity of hoarding disorder,40
PET studies, PET and MRI studies in OCD patients with and without hoarding symptoms,114–115
Pharmacodynamicsdescription of,156
studies with psychopharmacology,161
Pharmacokinetics, description of,155–156
Pharmacotherapy, for treatment of hoarding disorder,259, 262.
See also Case examples; Cognitive-behavioral therapy, for hoarding; Medication
atomoxetine,153
augmentation treatments,154
efficacy studies,151–155
fluvoxamine,153–154
interactions with other drugs and warnings,155–156
management of side effects,155
methylphenidate extended-release,153
overview,149
paroxetine,151–152
risperidone,154
shared decision-making,161
strength of evidence,154–155
treatment goals,150
venlafaxine extended-release,152
Phobias, “mirror image” of,18
PIV.
See Possessions in View
Plato,8
Possessionsacquisition of,32, 33
attachments to,57–58
beliefs about,57–58
“churning” through,93
decisions to save,28
emotional attachment to,139
insight into value of,80
meaning of,91, 96, 104
measure of areas of overlap to assess relationship to possessions,60
motives to save,58, 64
overvalued ideas about,82
Possessions Comfort Scale (PCS),59–60
Possessions in View (PIV),60
Prader-Willi syndrome,32–33, 255
Private property,183
Proust, Marcel,98
“Proust effect,”98
Public-academic partnerships,187–190
Public health officials,183
“A Putative Link Between Compulsive Hoarding and Homelessness: A Pilot Study,”182
Quality of life, hoarding and,11
Randomized controlled trials (RCTs), for CBT,133, 143
RCTs.
See Randomized controlled trials
Receiver operating characteristic (ROC),54,
54Risperidone, for treatment of hoarding disorder,154
ROC.
See Receiver operating characteristic
Rodents, hoarding in,118–119, 120
Safety.
See also Harm reduction; Squalor
emergency medical team,184–185
fire response,184–185
personal,169–170, 193
personnel,184–185
risks,193
Salvation Army,182
Sartre, Jean-Paul,8
Saving Cognitions Inventory (SCI),58,
59Saving Inventory—Revised (SI-R),14, 16, 39,
52, 52–53,
54, 64, 131, 134, 150, 188, 242
sample of,285–288
SCI.
See Saving Cognitions Inventory
Selfambivalence about,92–93
“authentic,”140
future of,97–98, 103
identity and,140
neglect,204,
236, 246
“ought self,”140
personal hygiene,248
“possible future self,”140
Serotonin reuptake inhibitors, abrupt discontinuation of,161
Sherlock Holmes stories,4
SIHD.
See Structured Interview for Hoarding Disorder
Silas Marner,4
SI-R.
See Saving Inventory—Revised
SMART (specific, measurable, attainable, relevant, and time-bound) goals,171
Song Dong,6–7, 17
Soteria,99
“Soteric neurosis,”99
Squalor,184, 204.
See also Safety
accumulated objects and,235,
236from animal hoarding,228
assessment measures,57
case examples of,241–246
characterization of,248
clutter and,235,
236, 248
comparison of phenomenological features of hoarding and,234–239,
236dementia and,245–246
diagnostic considerations,238–239
etiology,247
executive dysfunction and,239
food and,247
functional impairment in work, family, and/or social domains,236health and safety risks,256–257
history of,234
intervention and recovery,240–241
neurological injury and,244–245
olfaction and,247
overview,233–234
parting with objects,235
Structured Interview for Hoarding Disorder (SIHD),14, 51, 64
sample of,267–279
Study of the Epidemiology of Mental Disorders,13
Tenancy Preservation Program,189
Theophrastus,3
Toxoplasma gondii,224, 247
Trauma, hoarding and,36–37
Trebus, Edmund,6–7
Twins,14, 200
hoarding in,14
UCLA Hoarding Severity Scale (UHSS),52, 55, 136, 152
UHSS.
See UCLA Hoarding Severity Scale
Uniform Inspection Checklist,191–192
University of Rhode Island Change Assessment questionnaire,137
U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), “black box” warning,159
Vallejo-Nágera, Juan Antonio,18, 99
Venlafaxinecase example of,158
management of sexual side effects,158
for treatment of hoarding disorder,153
Violence, hoarding and,36–37
Visualization exercise,129
Waste, avoidance of,100–101
Waste Not,6–7, 17
Western Massachusetts Hoarding Resource Network,181
WHO.
See World Health Organization
Women, hoarding disorder in,37, 41
World Health Organization (WHO). See also International Classification of Diseases, 11th RevisionComposite International Diagnostic Interview,13
World Mental Health Survey Initiative,94
Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS) checklist,18, 19, 27, 70
Y-BOCS.
See Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale checklist
