Index

ABC (antecedent-behavior-consequence) analysis,

167, 171

Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale (AIMS),

72

Abstinence, and substance use disorders,

259, 281–282

Acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT),

199, 201

Access, to mental health care

as critical issue,

xxv

emergency departments and,

399

quality in psychiatry and,

452

Accreditation, of state hospitals,

300–301

Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors,

128

Activities of daily living (ADLs), and geriatric patients,

117, 135.See also Instrumental activities of daily living

Acute units, in state hospitals,

293

Adaptation to Mental Health and Addictive Disorders: Improving the Quality of Health Care for Mental and Substance-Use Conditions (Institute of Medicine 2006),

484

Adaptive functioning, and intellectual disability,

154

Addictive personality, concept of preexisting,

258

Adherence, to medication

adult crisis stabilization unit and,

98–99

psychotic disorders unit and,

238–239

Administration

.See also Finances; Leadership; Quality; Risk management

corporate governance and,

415–416

corporate structure and,

411–415

funding of psychiatric services and,

417

health care operations and functions of,

426, 427

organizational structure and,

419–423

prevention of violence and,

481–482, 483–484, 491–497

required hospital reporting and,

416–417

translating strategy into action,

417–419

trauma-informed systems of care and,

486–491

Admission criteria

.See also Involuntary admissions

adolescent unit and,

68–69

adult crisis stabilization unit and,

88–89

child unit and,

48

developmental disabilities co-occurring unit and,

164–167

forensic unit and,

212–213

geriatric unit and,

114

psychotic disorders unit and,

232–233

residential treatment and,

383–384

substance use disorders co-occurring unit and,

266–267

Adolescent(s)

.See also Adolescent unit

frequency of admission to private psychiatric hospitals,

436

increase in emergency consultations for,

631

residential treatment centers for,

357

social workers and care for,

561–565

state hospitals and,

297

Adolescent unit

admission criteria for,

68–69

assessment and,

69–72

biopsychosocial formulation and treatment planning,

72

current trends in,

68

discharge planning and,

81–82

family therapy and psychoeducation,

78–79

future directions and,

82–83

group therapy and,

77–78

individual therapy and,

76–77

management of aggressive and suicidal behaviors in,

80–81

milieu therapy and,

79–80

psychotherapy and,

75–76, 77

psychotropic medication and,

72–75

Adult crisis stabilization unit

criteria for admission to,

88–89

diagnostic workup in,

90–96

discharge planning and,

103–104, 106

family as partner in treatment,

90

goals of treatment in,

96

management of suicidal and aggressive behavior in,

101–103

milieu management and,

100–101

specific treatment interventions in,

96–100

timeline for treatment in,

110–112

Adult day care,

136

Advanced Alternative Payment Model,

454

Advance directives,

135, 296, 349

Advancing Integrated Mental Health Solutions (website),

613

Adverse childhood experiences (ACE)

.See also Trauma

fetal alcohol spectrum disorder and,

157

trauma in children and,

56

treatment resistance and,

379

Advertising, and history of hospital psychiatry,

12

Advocacy movement

.See also Consumers; Patient rights

state hospitals and,

303–304

prevention of violence and,

495

use of restraints and seclusion,

485

Affordable Care Act (2010),

377, 436, 449, 464

Aftercare

.See also Discharge planning

geriatric unit and,

136–137

residential treatment centers and,

371

social workers and planning of,

560–561

substance use disorders co-occurring unit and,

264–265

Age

.See also Adolescents; Children; Geriatric psychiatry

anorexia nervosa and,

188

range of in forensic units,

215

state hospital populations and,

293

Aggression

adolescent unit and,

80–81

adult crisis stabilization unit and,

101–103

developmental disabilities co-occurring unit and,

165, 167, 171, 173

evaluation of children and,

49

forensic unit and,

213, 215, 219–221

geriatric unit and,

132–133

psychotic disorders unit and,

234, 249–250

residential treatment and,

362, 364, 390–391

substance use disorders co-occurring unit and,

268

target symptom prescribing for adolescents and,

74

Agitated catatonia,

168

Agitation

antipsychotics for delirium and,

131

dementia and,

127, 128–129

developmental disabilities co-occurring unit and,

173

target symptom prescribing for adolescents,

74, 75

Alameda Model, of emergency psychiatric service,

403

Alcohol, and alcohol use disorders

.See also Substance use disorders

eating disorders and,

188

intellectual disability and,

156

management of withdrawal from,

276–278, 281

veterans hospitals and,

323

Alcoholics Anonymous,

104, 284, 285, 286

Almshouses, and history of hospital psychiatry,

2–3

Alpha-adrenergic agonists,

277, 278

Alzheimer’s disease,

127

American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry (AACAP),

47–48, 68, 79, 359, 360, 540

American Art Therapy Association,

569

American Association for Emergency Psychiatry,

115

American Hospital Association,

xix, xxi, 22, 442–443, 473

American Journal of Psychiatry,

18

American Medical Association,

464, 539–540

American Occupational Therapy Association,

570, 572

American Psychiatric Association (APA),

1–2, 19, 22, 28, 98, 193, 194, 459, 470, 616.See also DSM-5

American Psychiatric Nurses Association,

547

American Society of Addiction Medicine (ASAM),

259, 261–262, 273, 275–276, 286

American Society for Health Care Engineering,

473

Americans with Disabilities Act,

29–30, 302

America’s Health Insurance Plans (AHIP),

380

Angelman syndrome,

156, 160

Anorexia nervosa (AN),

184–185, 188, 190–192.See also Eating disorders; Eating disorders unit

Anticonvulsants, and withdrawal from alcohol,

277

Antidepressants

.See also Psychopharmacology; Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors; Tricyclic antidepressants

black box warning for suicide in adolescents,

75

depression in geriatric patients and,

121–122

Anti-kickback statute, and risk management,

477–478

Antipsychotics

.See also Clozapine; Psychopharmacology

delirium in geriatric patients and,

131

dementia in geriatric patients and,

129

depression with psychotic features in geriatric patients,

123

forensic unit and,

214, 215

guidelines for use of,

98

introduction of in 1950s,

16

psychotic disorders and,

239–242, 244

quality measures and management of,

456

schizophrenia in older adults and,

126

Anti-war movement, and Vietnam War,

328

Anxiety

ADHD in children and,

54

child unit and,

59

developmental disabilities co-occurring unit and,

169

psychosocial treatment modalities for adolescents with,

77

residential treatment centers and,

363

target symptom prescribing for adolescents and,

74

Applied behavior analysis (ABA),

245

Architecture

.See also Environment

design of care environments and,

519–525

renovations of existing spaces,

526–530

Army Nurse Corps,

313

Art therapy

forensic unit and,

217

psychotic disorders unit and,

247

rehabilitation services and,

569–570

trauma in children and,

55, 57–58

ASD

.See Autism spectrum disorder

Assertive outpatient treatment (AOT) programs,

29

Assessment

.See also Diagnosis; Evaluation; Psychosocial assessment

adolescent unit and,

69–72

adult crisis stabilization unit and,

110–112

developmental disabilities co-occurring unit and comprehensive,

162, 165–166

discharge planning in residential treatment centers and,

370–371

rehabilitation services and,

573

substance use disorders co-occurring unit and,

269–274

of suicide and suicidal behavior,

468–470, 471, 472, 472–473

Assisted living facility,

136

Assisted outpatient treatment (AOT),

296, 348

Association of Medical Superintendents of American Institutions for the Insane (AMSAII),

2, 4–5, 33

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD),

50–55, 157

Audits, of financial statements,

417

Austen Riggs Center,

376, 379, 381–392, 393

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD),

82, 153, 154–155, 364

Autonomy, and eating disorders unit,

203

Avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID),

186–187, 189

Balanced Budget Act of 1997,

437

Balanced Budget Refinement Act of 1999,

437–438

Banner Psychiatric Center (Arizona),

403

Baseline exaggeration, and behavioral changes,

168

“Battle fatigue,” and World War II,

328

Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation (BSI),

469

Beers criteria medication list,

116

Behavior

.See also Aggression; Agitation; Behavioral interventions; Self-injurious behavior; Suicide; Tantrums; Threats

dementia with behavioral disturbance in geriatric unit,

127

developmental disabilities co-occurring unit and,

159, 162

psychiatric nurse practitioners and allowing or tolerating problematic,

554

psychosocial treatment modalities for adolescents with disruptive,

77

psychotic disorders unit and,

248

residential treatment and,

383

Behavioral Health Coverage Transparency Act (2019),

31

Behavioral Health Design Guide, The (Hunt et al. 2019),

519

Behavioral interventions

.See also Behavioral therapists; Cognitive-behavioral therapy; Dialectical behavior therapy

adolescent unit and,

80

developmental disabilities co-occurring unit and,

171–172

eating disorders unit and,

198–199

forensic unit and,

216, 219

residential treatment centers and training in,

369–370

Behavioral phenotype, of intellectual disability and autism spectrum disorder,

155

Behavioral therapists, and developmental disabilities co-occurring unit,

162.See also Behavioral interventions

Bell, Luther Vose,

2, 4

Beneficence, as ethical principle,

203

Benzodiazepines,

268, 276–277, 280, 281

Binge eating, and bulimia nervosa,

185

Binge-eating disorder (BED),

186, 189, 202

Binge-eating/purging type, of anorexia nervosa,

184

Biophilic design, of hospital interiors,

525

Bipolar disorder

ADHD in children and,

54–55

developmental disabilities co-occurring unit and,

168, 169

geriatric unit and,

123–124, 135

Prader-Willi syndrome and,

156

psychosocial treatment modalities for adolescents with,

77

Bloomingdale Hospital (New York),

6, 8, 9, 434

Blue Cross/Blue Shield,

21

Boards, and corporate governance,

415

Body image, and eating disorders,

185

Body weight, and anorexia nervosa,

184

Borderline personality disorder,

379

Boston Resource Center,

594

Boundary training, for staff of residential treatment centers,

370

Boys Town Family Home Program,

362, 372

Brain, anorexia nervosa and abnormalities of,

191–192

Brain imaging, and geriatric patients,

115.See also Functional magnetic resonance imaging

Brattleboro Retreat (Vermont),

6, 9, 10

Brief Alcohol Withdrawal Scale,

277

Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale, Child Version,

72

Brief-stay observation units,

404

Brigham, Amariah,

4, 7

Brown, Nicholas,

6

Brush, Edward,

15

Bulimia nervosa (BN),

185, 189, 192–193.See also Eating disorders; Eating disorders unit

Buprenorphine,

278

Butler, Cyrus,

6

Butler, John S.,

13–14, 14

Butler Hospital (Rhode Island),

6, 9, 9, 13, 19

California Health Benefits Review Program,

31

Calming box,

63

Camden Coalition of Healthcare Providers,

617

Cannabis,

281, 287.See also Marijuana

Capacity

.See Competency; Decision-making

Carbamazepine,

124

Caregivers

developmental disabilities co-occurring unit and,

162, 171–172

geriatric unit and,

120, 136, 137

Carve-outs, and managed behavioral health care organizations,

438–440

Case examples

of ADHD in child unit,

50–51, 52, 53–54

of aggression in adult crisis stabilization unit,

102–103, 104

of coding for treatment of suicidal patient,

477

of comprehensive team-based dialectical behavior therapy,

352

of diagnostic workup in adult crisis stabilization unit,

93–94, 95–96

of discharge planning in developmental disabilities co-occurring unit,

174–175

of evaluations in child unit,

49, 50

of family role in residential treatment,

388–389

of long-acting injection clinics for psychotic disorders,

351

of quality of care issues,

505–506, 509–510

of rehabilitation services,

572–573

of residential treatment for treatment-resistant disorders,

384–386

of risk management for suicidal patients,

467–468

of roles of social workers in inpatient care,

564–565, 566–568

of self-injurious behavior in child unit,

59

of substance use disorders,

258, 260, 265–266, 267, 268, 271

of suicidal behavior and psychiatric nurse practitioners,

552

of team-based care for treatment-resistant depression,

349–350

of trauma in child unit,

56, 57

of violence in mental health care setting,

485–486

Case managers, and case management

adult crisis stabilization unit and,

90

eating disorders unit and,

205

geriatric unit and,

137

hospital-based outpatient services and,

343

social workers and,

559–560

Casey Foundation,

361, 373

Catatonia,

168, 244–245

Center for Mental Health Services,

22, 491

Center for Risk Analysis (Harvard University),

482

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention,

31–32, 155, 466, 469, 627

Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS),

28–29, 220, 301, 414, 437, 443, 449, 453, 454, 542, 549, 613–614

Central State Hospital (Virginia),

30

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and eating disorders,

191

Cerebrovascular disease, and depression,

121

Chains, of private psychiatric hospitals,

24, 26

Charter Medical Corporation,

24

Checklists, and safety plans,

269

Chesapeake Connections,

235

Chief executive officers (CEOs),

415, 421

Child and Adolescent Needs and Strengths (CANS),

362, 373

Child Protective Services (CPS),

61

Children

.See also Adolescents; Child unit; Development

increase in emergency consultations for,

631

residential treatment centers for,

357, 361–364

seclusion and restraints for,

482

social workers and care for,

561–565

in state hospitals,

297

Children’s Depression Inventory,

72

Children’s Global Assessment (CGI),

72

Children’s Health Insurance Program (CHIP),

297

Children’s Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale,

72

Child unit, and inpatient care

.See also Children

anxiety in,

59

complicated ADHD in,

50–55

depression and self-injurious behaviors in,

58–59

evaluation of children in,

48–50

future of,

65

gender dysphoria and,

59

government agencies and,

61

interface of with schools,

60–61

milieu therapy and,

61–65

obsessive-compulsive disorder and,

59

outpatient providers and,

61

psychotic disorders in,

60

reasons for hospitalization of children,

47–48

role of family in treatment,

60

trauma and,

55–58

Chlorpromazine,

16

Cigarette smoking

discharge from adult crisis stabilization unit and,

104, 105

psychotic disorders unit and,

241, 243–244

substance use disorders co-occurring unit and,

280–281

use of term ex-smoker,

259

veterans hospitals and,

324

Citalopram for Agitation in Alzheimer Disease Study (CitAD),

128

Civil Rights Division (Department of Justice),

302

Civil Rights of Institutionalized Persons Act of 1980 (CRIPA),

29, 302, 597–598

Civil status population, in state hospitals,

296–297

Clinical Antipsychotic Trials of Intervention Effectiveness (CATIE),

128–129, 379

Clinical care delivery, and hospital operations,

427

Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) Scale,

117

Clinical Global Impression (CGI),

72

Clinical Institute Withdrawal Assessment for Alcohol—Revised (CIWA-Ar),

269, 277

Clinical interviews

assessment of adolescents and,

70

diagnostic workup in geriatric unit and,

116

suicide risk assessment and,

471

Clinical Opiate Withdrawal Scale (COWS),

269, 278

Clinical service delivery, and health care operations,

426

Clonidine,

52

Clozapine,

99, 129–130, 243, 351–352.See also Antipsychotics

Cocaine,

323

Code of Medical Ethics (American Medical Association),

464

Code response, and risk management,

474–475

Coercion, and involuntary treatment,

204

Cognition, and cognitive deficits

developmental disabilities co-occurring unit and disintegration of,

164

geriatric patients and evaluation of,

117, 125, 130

relapse process in substance abuse and distortions of,

283, 285

Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT)

adolescents and,

76

eating disorders unit and,

197, 198–199, 201

social workers and,

559

substance use disorders co-occurring unit and,

283

Collaborative care model, of integrated care,

606, 613–615

Collaborative Longitudinal Personality Disorders Study (CLPS),

379

Collateral information

assessment of adolescents and children,

69, 166, 562, 568

assessment in substance use disorders co-occurring unit and,

270

diagnostic workup in forensic unit and,

213–214

evaluation in eating disorders unit and,

195

Columbia-Suicide Severity Rating Scale (CSSRS),

72, 469

Comfort rooms, and prevention of violence,

494–495

Commission on Accreditation of Rehabilitation Facilities (CARF),

414

Communication

.See also Language

developmental disabilities co-occurring unit and,

163, 166

psychiatric nurse practitioners and,

553–554

Community

.See also Community mental health

forensic unit and reintegration into,

217, 222

leadership and,

426

state mental health agencies and services in,

300

Community-based outpatient clinics (CBOCs),

315

Community Living Centers (CLCs),

325

Community mental health, history of,

341–342

Community Mental Health Act (1963),

342, 400

Community Psychiatric Centers,

24

Comorbidity, of psychiatric disorders

of ADHD,

51

of autism spectrum disorder,

155

cost of care and,

436

of eating disorders,

188

treatment-resistant disorders and,

378–379

Compensation models, for staff,

542–543

Competency

.See also Decision-making

assessment of in geriatric patients,

134–136

forensic patients and restoration of to stand trial,

212, 221–222, 298, 299

Complexity intervention units,

615

Comprehensive Psychiatric Emergency Program (CPEP),

402

Computerized Patient Record System (CPRS),

315

Conditional release, and outpatient civil commitment,

298, 348–349

Confidentiality

.See also Informed consent

assessment of adolescents and,

70

family and,

582–583

individual therapy for adolescents and,

76–77

substance use disorders co-occurring unit and,

273

Conflict

.See Aggression; Violence

Confusion Assessment Method,

130

Connecticut Medical Society,

6–7

Conners’ Rating Scales—Revised,

72

Consolidated Appropriations Act (2020),

377

Consultation-liaison psychiatric services,

405, 414–415, 538–539, 615

Consumers, and consumer movement

.See also Advocacy movement; Patient rights

future of mental health care and,

626–627

narrative on patient experience with psychiatric hospitals,

592–596

peer recovery movement and,

596–601

reduction of seclusion and restraint use,

495

reform of mental health care and,

485

Contingency discharge, from forensic unit,

221–222

Continued-care certification,

439

Continuing care units, in state hospitals,

293, 296

Continuous Performance Test,

237

Continuum of care

.See also Emergency services; Hospital-based outpatient services; Residential treatment

impact of state hospitals on overall,

299–300

organization of current volume,

xxvi

substance use disorders co-occurring unit and computerized version of,

286

Co-occurring unit, use of term,

257, 262.See also Developmental disabilities co-occurring unit; Substance use disorders co-occurring unit Cost-effectiveness research, and adolescent units, 82–83

Countertransference, and psychodynamic psychotherapy,

388, 389

Court orders, and outpatient civil commitment,

349

COVID-19 pandemic,

xix, xx, xxv, 305, 323, 513, 610, 616, 625, 627, 628

Cravings, and relapse process in substance use,

283, 284–285

Cries of Anguish (National Alliance on Mental Illness 2000),

598

Crisis

.See Adult crisis stabilization unit; Crisis stabilization

Crisis Now (Arizona),

403, 600

Crisis Prevention Institute,

370

Crisis Residential program,

346

Crisis stabilization, and residential treatment,

380

Critical incidents, and risk management,

465

Crossing the Quality Chasm (Institute of Medicine 2001),

448, 504

Cultural Formulation Interview (DSM-5),

580

Culture

evaluation of children and,

50

family and,

579–580

hospital-based outpatient services and,

347

Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) codes,

476, 542, 613–614

Cutter, Nehemiah,

2

Cybersecurity, and risk management,

475–476

Daily huddles, and quality of care,

511–515

Dangerousness, and admission criteria for adolescent unit,

69.See also Safety; Violence

Danvers State Hospital (Massachusetts),

32–33

Data collection, on problem behaviors in developmental disabilities co-occurring unit,

173

Day hospitals

initiation and promotion of,

16

psychotic disorders and,

252

step-down services and,

609

Debriefings

prevention of violence and,

495–496

use of restraints or seclusion and,

81

Decision-making

assessment of capacity in geriatric patients,

134–136

eating disorders unit and,

203

geriatric care for veterans and,

325

Deinstitutionalization

beginnings of movement in 1950s,

17, 152, 435

increasing use of emergency department for psychiatric care,

400

of individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities,

152–153

psychotic disorders and,

230

veterans hospitals and,

313, 315

Delirium

developmental disabilities co-occurring unit and,

170

geriatric unit and,

130–132

mental status changes in older patients and,

115

secondary to substance use or medical illness,

92

Delusions, and schizophrenia,

249

Dementia

assessment of capacity and,

134

geriatric unit and,

114, 119, 121, 125–126, 127, 128–132

veterans hospitals and,

325

Dementia with Lewy bodies,

125, 127, 129

Demographics, and future of geriatric care,

137, 630–631

Demoralization, and psychotic disorders unit,

242–243

Department of Defense,

469

Department of Health and Human Services,

301, 358, 400, 440

Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD),

321

Department of Justice (DOJ),

26, 29, 30, 302, 441–442, 597–598

Department of Social Services (DSS),

61, 166

Depersonalization, and studies of violence,

490

Depot medications, for psychotic patients,

239–240

Depression

.See also Major depressive disorder

ADHD in children and,

53

child unit and,

58–59

developmental disabilities co-occurring unit and,

168

geriatric unit and,

120–123

psychosocial treatment modality for adolescents with,

77

residential treatment centers and,

363

target symptom prescribing for adolescents and,

74

team-based care for treatment-resistant,

349–350

Depression and Bipolar Support Alliance,

97

Depression-executive dysfunction syndrome,

121

Detoxification, and substance use disorders,

96

Development

.See also Developmental disabilities co-occurring unit

assessment of adolescents and,

69–70

diagnostic workup for psychotic patients and history of,

237

evaluation of young children and,

50

residential treatment centers and,

364, 369

Developmental Disabilities Administration,

166

Developmental disabilities co-occurring unit

.See also Autism spectrum disorder; Development; Intellectual disability

admission to,

164–167

diagnosis and,

167–169

discharge planning and,

174

genetic and neuropsychiatric syndromes and,

155–159, 160–161

treatment team and,

158–159, 162–164

Dextroamphetamine,

51

Diagnosis

.See also Assessment; Collateral information; Differential diagnosis; Evaluation

adolescent unit and,

71–72

adult crisis stabilization unit and,

90–96

child unit and,

48–50

forensic unit and,

213–214

geriatric unit and,

116–118, 130

psychiatric labels and,

490

psychotic disorders unit and,

234, 235–238

quality in psychiatry and,

452, 454

residential treatment centers and holistic approach to,

366–367

substance use disorders co-occurring unit and,

262–263, 270, 271

Diagnosis-related groups (DRGs),

436–437

Diagnostic Criteria for Psychiatric Disorders for Use With Adults With Learning Disabilities/Mental Retardation (DC-LD),

154

Diagnostic Manual—Intellectual Disability, 2nd Edition (Fletcher et al. 2017),

154

Dialectical behavior therapy (DBT)

comprehensive team-based in outpatient setting and,

352–353

eating disorders unit and,

199, 201

forensic unit and,

216

social workers and,

558

Dietitian, and eating disorders unit,

197

Differential diagnosis

of behavioral changes in developmental disabilities co-occurring unit,

168

diagnostic workup in psychotic disorders unit and,

236

traumatic brain injury and,

333

Dining room, of eating disorders unit,

202

Directors, and organizational structure,

420, 421

Disability Law Center,

303–304

Discharge planning

.See also Aftercare

adolescent unit and,

81–82

adult crisis stabilization unit and,

99, 103–104, 106, 110–112

developmental disabilities co-occurring unit and,

174–175

eating disorders unit and,

205

family and,

586–587

forensic population in state hospitals and,

298

forensic unit and,

212, 221–222

geriatric unit and,

136–137

psychotic disorders unit and,

250–253

quality of care improvement and,

508–509, 510

residential treatment centers and,

370–372

social workers and,

561, 563

substance use disorders co-occurring unit and,

264–265, 286

Disproportionate Share Hospital (DSH) program,

304

Disruptive mood dysregulation disorder,

54–55

Dissociative identity disorder (DID),

57, 58, 235

Dix, Dorothea,

6, 434, 570

Documentation, of patient elopement,

474

Dopamine, and anorexia nervosa,

191, 192

Dosages, of medications

adult crisis stabilization unit and,

98

antipsychotics for older adults and,

126

antipsychotics for psychotic disorders and,

240–241

Down, John Langdon,

155

Down syndrome,

155, 160

Drug Addiction Treatment Act of 2000,

278

Drug-drug interactions, and antipsychotics,

126, 215

Drug screening, and substance use disorders,

272–273

DSM-5

adaptive functions and intellectual disability in,

154

assessment of adolescents and,

70

classification of eating disorders in,

184–188

Cultural Formulation Interview in,

580

delirium and,

130

elements of comprehensive diagnosis,

91

impact of on inpatient psychiatry,

30

major depressive disorder and,

120

relapse of substance use disorders and,

284

tobacco use disorder and,

259

Dunton, William Rush, Jr.,

17, 570

Dysphagia, in geriatric patients,

119

Earle, Pliny,

2, 3

Eastern Lunatic Asylum of Virginia,

519

Eating disorder not otherwise specified (EDNOS),

189

Eating disorders

.See also Anorexia nervosa; Bulimia nervosa; Eating disorders unit

adolescent unit and,

80

comorbidity and,

188

DSM-5

classification of,

184–188

epidemiology of,

188–189

pathogenesis of,

189–193

prevalence of,

183

psychosocial treatment modalities for adolescents with,

77

Eating disorders unit

clinical evaluation and,

194–196

discharge planning and,

205

levels of care in,

193–194

models of inpatient care in,

196–202

physical structure of,

202

treatment consent, coercion, capacity, and commitment as issues in,

202–204

treatment outcomes and,

204–205

E-cigarettes,

280

Education

.See also Psychoeducation; School(s)

adolescent unit and,

79

continuing for social workers,

558

developmental disabilities co-occurring unit and,

163–164

for families of psychotic patients,

246

forensic unit and,

216–217

psychiatric nurse practitioners and,

541

staff of residential treatment centers and,

369–370

veterans and,

321–322

Electrocardiography

115, 131, 236

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)

adult crisis stabilization unit and,

99–100

forensic unit and,

215

geriatric inpatients and,

122, 123, 124

psychotic disorders unit and,

244–245

Electronic health records (EHR),

315, 316, 475–476, 504

Emergency department (ED)

.See also Emergency services

agitation and transfer of patients to adult crisis stabilization unit,

89

“boarding” of psychiatric patients in,

88

hospital-based outpatient services and,

345–346

integrated care and,

405, 616

referrals to developmental disabilities co-occurring unit from,

164–165

role of in managing psychiatric needs,

399, 400, 401, 414, 435–436

substance use disorders co-occurring unit and,

266, 272

Emergency Medical Treatment and Active Labor Act (1986),

293, 400, 412, 449, 464

Emergency operations plan, and risk management,

474

Emergency psychiatric assessment, treatment, and healing (EmPATH) service,

402–403

Emergency psychiatric services,

402–405.See also Emergency department

Emotional dysregulation, and psychosocial treatment modalities for adolescents,

77

Employee Retirement Income Security Act (ERISA),

440

Environment

.See also Architecture

access to outdoor space as human right,

598

design of geriatric unit and,

118

milieu management of forensic unit and,

218

occupational therapy and,

572

risk management and,

473

Environmental factors model, of violence,

489

Environmental rounds,

549

Epilepsy, and autism spectrum disorder,

155

Equity and Fiscal Responsibility Act of 1982,

437

Erikson Institute for Education and Research,

391, 392

Evaluation

.See also Assessment; Diagnosis

child unit and,

48–50

eating disorders unit and,

194–196

of hospital services by peers,

599–600

“Examined living,” and behavior in residential treatment,

383

Exceptional Leadership: 16 Critical Competencies for Healthcare Executives (Dye and Garman 2006),

424, 425

Executive leader, and organizational structure,

421–422

Exercise, and forensic unit,

217

Exposure therapy, for eating disorders,

199

Expressive therapy

.See also Art therapy; Music therapy

for adolescents,

76

eating disorders unit and,

201

rehabilitation services and,

569–570

Facility operations, and health care services,

426, 427

Failure to treat,

452

Falls, and geriatric patients,

122, 132, 331

Family

.See also Family history; Family therapy; Parents

adult crisis stabilization unit and,

90, 96, 103

barriers and challenges for clinicians working with,

581–586

developmental disabilities co-occurring unit and,

162, 172

discharge planning and care transitions,

586–587

eating disorders and,

190

emotional responses of,

578–579

expectations of,

580–581

forensic unit and,

216–217

future directions in psychiatric care and,

588

geriatric unit and,

137

messages of hope and recovery for,

587–588

psychotic disorders unit and,

246, 251

residential treatment and,

365–366, 371–372, 388–389

role in lives of persons with mental illness,

577

social workers and,

565–569

substance use disorders co-occurring unit and,

264

treatment of children and,

60

use of term in context,

578

Family-based therapy (FBT), for eating disorders,

199

Family history

of bipolar disorder,

123, 124

diagnostic workup of geriatric inpatients and,

116

evaluation of children and,

49

Family therapy

adolescent unit and,

78–79

eating disorders unit and,

199, 201

Federal Employees Health Benefits Program,

21

Federal financial participation (FFP), and IMD exclusion,

21

Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD),

156–157, 161

Fiduciary, and board responsibilities,

415

Finances, and financing

.See also Insurance

coding and fraudulent billing,

476–477

design of mental health facilities and,

529–530

effects of changing reimbursement systems,

441–442

funding challenges and,

417

future of inpatient psychiatric services and,

442–443

history of,

433–434

managed behavioral health care organizations and,

438–440

Medicaid reimbursement and,

440–441

psychiatric units in general hospitals and,

434–438

residential treatment and,

389–390

revenue sources by type of hospital,

442

staff recruitment and,

543

state hospitals and,

304–305, 441

value-based care and,

626

“Fitness for imprisonment,” concept of,

213

Five Dysfunctions of a Team, The (Lencioni 2002),

621

Five Fundamental Rights Act (Massachusetts 1997),

598

Fluoxetine,

202

Food and Drug Administration (FDA),

75, 469

Forensic population, in state hospitals,

297–299

Forensic units

admission criteria for,

212–213

diagnostic workup in,

213–214

discharge planning and,

212, 221–222

dual mandate of,

211–212, 222

milieu management of,

218–219

psychotic disorders unit and,

234

recruitment and retention of staff,

224

special challenges of,

222–224

in state hospitals,

296

suicidal and aggressive behaviors in,

219–221

treatment in,

214–217

4-A’s Test,

130

Fragile X syndrome,

157–158, 161

Franklin, Benjamin,

5

Free appropriate public education (FAPE),

61

Friends Asylum (Pennsylvania),

7, 10, 13, 434

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (FMRI), and eating disorders,

192, 193

Furniture, and interior design,

525

Future, of hospital psychiatry

adolescent unit and,

82–83

child unit and,

65

families and,

588

financial viability of inpatient services and,

442

geriatric unit and,

137–138

history of hospital psychiatry and,

32–33

hospital-based outpatient services and,

353

organization of current volume,

xxvii

recent changes in health care landscape and,

625–627

residential treatment centers and,

373

social work and,

569

state hospitals and,

305–306

substance use disorders co-occurring unit and,

287

Gender, of state hospital populations,

293.See also Women

Gender dysphoria, in child unit,

59

General adult units, use of term,

229

General hospitals

.See also Emergency departments

financing of psychiatric units in,

434–438

history of hospital psychiatry and,

18

role of in psychiatric care,

400–402

General mental abilities, and intellectual disability,

153

General residential treatment centers,

360

Genetics

autism spectrum disorder and,

155

eating disorders and,

190

Genogram, and psychotic patients,

238

Genome-wide association study (GWAS), of eating disorders,

190

Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS),

116

Geriatric psychiatry,

324–325, 630–631

Geriatric unit

admission criteria for,

114

assessement of capacity and competency in,

134–136

bipolar disorder and,

123–124

delirium and,

130–132

dementia and,

127, 128–132

depression and,

120–123

diagnostic workup and,

116–118

discharge planning and,

136–137

future of,

137–138

medical clearance and,

115–116

schizophrenia and,

125–127

treatment considerations for,

118–120, 132–134

GI Bill of Rights,

321–322

Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF),

72

Goals, of treatment

in adult crisis stabilization unit,

96

in developmental disabilities co-occurring unit,

170–171

in substance use disorders co-occurring unit,

262–266

Group therapy

adolescent unit and,

77–78

adult crisis stabilization unit and,

97

child unit and,

62–63

eating disorders unit and,

199, 200, 201

forensic unit and,

216

veterans hospitals and,

327

Guanfacine,

52

Guardianship

outpatient civil commitment and,

349

surrogate decision-makers and,

136

Guidelines

for antipsychotic use,

98, 126–127

for documentation of seclusion and restraints,

553

for electroconvulsive therapy,

100

for high-quality health care,

448

for milieu therapy,

248–249

for referrals to substance use disorders co-occurring unit,

266

for residential programs,

359, 360

for standards of care in class action lawsuits,

377–378

for telepsychiatry,

539–540

for trauma-informed systems of care,

487–488

for treatment of children with autism spectrum disorder and intellectual disability,

165

for withdrawal from substance use,

275–276

“Guidelines for Design and Construction of Hospitals” (Facility Guidelines Institute 2018),

519

Hallucinations

dementia and,

127

psychotic disorders in children and,

60

schizophrenia and,

125

Haloperidol,

241

HALT, and relapse of substance abuse,

284

Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS),

116

Handoff communication, between nurses and shifts,

554

Hardwiring excellence

.See Administration

Harm reduction, and substance use disorders,

259

Hartford Courant (newspaper),

482, 484, 598

Hartford Retreat (Connecticut),

6–7, 9, 10, 10, 13

Harvard University,

482

Health care

.See also Medical conditions

assessment of capacity for medical decisions,

135

patients with schizophrenia and,

125

residential treatment centers and,

365

Healthcare Effectiveness Data and Information Set (HEDIS),

452, 453, 455

Healthcare Leadership Alliance (HLA),

423–424

Health Catalyst,

426

Health Insurance Plan of Greater New York,

21

Health Related Behaviors Survey (HBRS),

323

Helping Families in Mental Health Crisis Act,

29

Heroin,

323

Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP),

378

High Point Hospital (New York),

25

Hill-Burton Act,

19

Hippocrates,

447

Hiring incentives, for staff,

543

History, of hospital psychiatry

changes in from 1921 to 1970,

16–22

community mental health and,

341–342

early years of through 1920,

2–15

financing of psychiatric care and,

433–434

gaps in inpatient care and,

607–609

of hospitalization of individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities,

152–153

modern era of from 1971 to 2019,

22–32

moral treatment movement and,

518–519, 570

neuropsychiatry and,

151–152

occupational therapy and,

570

psychotic disorders unit and,

230

state hospitals and,

3–5, 9–15, 17–18, 28, 291–293, 294–295

veterans hospitals and,

311–316

Homelessness, and veterans hospitals,

320–321.See also Housing

Homeless Veterans Reintegration Program,

322

Hopelessness, as risk factor for suicide,

470, 473

Hormonal therapy, for sex offenders,

214–215, 223

Hospice,

137, 138

Hospital-Based Inpatient Psychiatric Services,

301, 453

Hospital-based outpatient services

.See also Outpatient services

care teams and,

349–353

civil commitment and,

348–349

definition of,

342

diversity and,

346–347

future of,

353

integration of with other hospital programs,

345–346

levels of care and,

342–345

peer support services and,

353

residential and housing support in,

346

virtual care and,

347–348

Hospital and Community Psychiatry (Pottash et al. 1982),

23

Hospital Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems survey,

418

Hospital Corporation of America,

24

Hospital Elder Life Program (HELP),

131

Hospital psychiatry

.See also Administration; Continuum of care; Future; General hospitals; History; Inpatient care; Private psychiatric hospitals; Rehospitalization; State hospitals; Veterans hospitals

advances in new models of care,

610–613

challenges of last decade,

xix–xx

changes in after introduction of new medications in 1950s,

87

economic scarcity and,

606–607

emergence of common treatment themes in,

605–606

guiding principles of,

xxiii–xxiv

organization of current volume,

xxiv–xxvii

outcome-producing integrated model of care,

613–617

recommendations for moving forward,

619–622

redefinition of “hospital” and,

xxiv

SWOT analysis and leveraging of perceived threats as opportunities,

617–619

Hotspotting, and value-based integrated care,

617

Housing, and psychosocial support services,

346, 616.See also Homelessness

Hub and spoke model, of emergency psychiatric service,

403

HUD-VASH program,

321

Human rights, and consumer movement,

597–599

Hypoactive delirium,

130

ID

.See Intellectual disability

IMD (institution for mental diseases) exclusion,

xxv, 21, 25–26, 28–29, 304, 417, 440

Immunoassays, and substance use disorders,

273

Improving the Quality of Health Care for Mental and Substance-Use Conditions (Institute of Medicine 2006),

449

Independent ownership, of psychiatric hospitals,

413

Individualized education plans (IEPs),

164, 365, 371

Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (1990),

152, 365

Individual therapy

.See also Psychotherapy adolescent unit and,76–77

adult crisis stabilization unit and,

96–97

eating disorders unit and,

200–201

residential treatment and,

387–388

Information technology (IT) systems,

315

Informed consent

adult crisis stabilization unit and,

95

antipsychotics for geriatric patients and,

129

treatment of eating disorders and,

204

In-home services

innovations in step-down care and,

610

monitoring of geriatric patients and,

137

Inpatient care

.See also Adolescent unit; Adult crisis stabilization unit; Child unit; Developmental disabilities co-occurring unit; Eating disorders unit; Forensic unit; Geriatric unit; Hospital psychiatry; Integrated care; Psychotic disorders unit; Staff; Substance use disorders co-occurring unit

crisis stabilization as guiding principle of treatment,

90

evolution of for children and adolescents,

358

involvement of family in treatment process,

577

organization of current volume,

xxiv–xxvi

step-down services and,

609–610

trend toward increasing patient turnover and acuity of illness,

87–88

variability of settings for,

88

Inpatient Psychiatric Facility Quality Reporting (IPFQR) program,

438, 453, 455, 456

Insanity defense, and forensic unit,

212, 222

Insomnia, and target symptom prescribing for adolescents,

74.See also Sleep

Institute for Healthcare Improvement,

505

Institute of Medicine,

448, 484, 485, 488

Institute of the Pennsylvania Hospital (Pennsylvania),

5, 12

Instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs)

.See also Activities of daily living

geriatric patients and,

117

psychotic disorders unit and,

231–232

Insurance

.See also Finances; Managed care

accountability and,

630

expansion of in 1960s,

20–21

financing of psychiatric services and,

417, 434, 436, 438–440

impact of on psychiatric care,

26–27, 594–596

psychotic disorders unit and,

235, 252

residential treatment and,

377

Integrated care

collaborative care model of,

606, 613

emergency departments and,

405

geriatric unit and,

119

outcomes-producing model of,

613–617

roles of psychiatrists in,

539

substance use disorders co-occurring unit and,

261

Intellectual disability (ID)

developmental disabilities co-occurring unit and,

152–154, 156–157

psychotic disorders unit and,

233–234

Intelligence, and intellectual disability,

153–154

Intensive outpatient programs, and hospital-based outpatient services,

344

Interior design, of mental health facilities,

523–525

International Society of Psychiatric Nurses,

547

International Work Group for Therapeutic Residential Care,

359

Internet

access to in forensic unit,

217

education on psychotic disorders and,

246

residential treatment centers and,

363

resources for families,

588

resources on neuropsychiatric manifestations of rare diseases,

159

Interpersonal psychotherapy for cognitive impairment (IPT-CI),

136

Intrusive thoughts, and trauma in children,

57

Involuntary admissions

debate on in 1980s,

24

legal requirements for,

68

substance use disorders co-occurring unit and,

260

suicide assessment and,

469–470

veterans hospitals and,

318

Involuntary treatment

as legal issue,

203–204

substance use disorders co-occurring unit and,

273

IRS Form 990,

416

Jarvis, Edward,

8–9, 13, 33

Joint Commission on Mental Illness and Health

creation of,

342

quality measures and,

453, 455

regulatory oversight of psychiatric facilities,

414

renovation of existing facilities,

526

requirement of comprehensive diagnosis,

91

requirements for prevention of suicide in psychiatric hospitals,

32, 437

restrictions on use of restraints and seclusion,

81, 220, 483, 553

risk management and,

466, 467–468, 473

standards for certification of residential facilities,

359

state hospitals and,

300–301

Joint Legacy Viewer (JLV),

315

Ketamine,

215

Kirkbride, Thomas Story,

2, 13, 15, 16

Korean War,

328

Kubie, Lawrence,

21–22

Laboratory tests

adult crisis stabilization unit and,

92–93

assessment of adolescents and,

71–72, 73

developmental disabilities co-occurring unit and,

169

eating disorders unit and,

196

geriatric patients and,

115, 117, 130–131

psychotic disorders unit and,

236

substance use disorders and,

266, 272

Language

.See also Communication; Sign language

developmental disabilities co-occurring unit and,

159

family and,

580

hospital-based outpatient services and cultural diversity,

347

person-first strategy of,

597

recovery-oriented care and,

549

Leadership

.See also Administration

development and succession planning,

429–430

essential activities of,

428–429

models of,

423–428

organizational structure and,

419–423

prevention of violence and,

492

psychiatrists and,

538

Lean (quality improvement methodology) program,

503, 506–515, 530

Least restrictive alternative, for psychiatric care,

27, 88

Legal issues

.See also Forensic unit; Informed consent; State(s)

anti-kickback statute and physician self-referral laws,

477–478

assessment of capacity and competency in older adults,

134–136

definition of patient rights,

464

diagnostic workup and competence or ability,

95

involuntary treatment and,

203–204

outpatient civil commitment and,

348–349

state hospitals and,

292, 300–302

veterans hospitals and,

318

Leisure activities

.See also Recreational activities

adolescent unit and,

80

forensic unit and,

217

Length of stay

effect of shortened on rates of readmission,

441

in emergency department,

400, 401

residential treatment and,

385

substance use disorders co-occurring unit and,

260

Lesch-Nyhan syndrome,

155

LGBTQ+ individuals, and assessment of adolescents,

70

Ligature risk

.See Suicide

Lighting strategies, and interior design,

525

Lincoln, Abraham,

311–312

Lisdexamfetamine,

202

Lithium,

99, 124, 242

Living Rooms (RI International),

600

Loan repayment benefits, for staff,

543

Long Island House (New York),

12

Longitudinal care,

605–606

Lorazepam,

277

Lumbar puncture, and catatonia or delirium,

236

MacArthur Competency Assessment Tool for Treatment,

135, 203

Major depressive disorder

.See also Depression

comorbidity of eating disorders with,

188

in geriatric patients,

120, 121–123

Managed behavioral health care organizations (MBHOs),

438–440

Managed care

.See also Insurance

antipsychotics for psychotic patients and,

241, 242

emergence of in 1990s,

25, 26–27

residential care and,

376

Management, and corporate governance,

415.See also Administration; Managers

Management on the Mend: The Healthcare Executive Guide to System Transformation (Toussaint and Adams 2015),

512

Managers, and organizational structure,

420–421.See also Management

Mandt System,

370

Mania

secondary in geriatric patients,

123

target symptom prescribing for adolescents and,

74

Marijuana,

323, 363–364.See also Cannabis

Massachusetts Psychiatric Society,

24

Maudsley Emergency Clinic,

402

Mayo Clinic,

418

McLean, John,

6

McLean Hospital (Massachusetts),

6, 12–13, 25, 434

Measurement-based care (MBC), and quality,

457–459

Media, adolescent unit and access to,

80

Medicaid

.See also Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services

financing of psychiatric services and,

417, 434, 435, 440–441, 442, 609

hospital-based outpatient services and,

345

IMD exclusion and,

xxv, 27, 28–29, 304

psychotic disorders unit and,

252

Medical conditions

.See also Health care

assessment of adolescents and,

71

consultation in geriatric unit and,

119

cost of treating comorbid in psychiatric patients,

440

delirium and,

92–93, 130–131

developmental disabilities co-occurring unit and assessment of,

169–170

diagnostic workup in psychotic disorders unit and,

236

eating disorders unit and evaluation of,

196

evaluation of children and,

49

evaluation of geriatric patients and,

115–116, 117, 130–131

substance use disorders co-occurring unit and assessment of,

265, 266, 269–270

Medical directors, psychiatrists as,

538

Medical psychiatric units,

615

Medicare

.See also Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services

coding and fraudulent billing,

476

establishment of,

21

financing of psychiatric services and,

417, 434–435, 437, 438, 442, 609

hospital-based outpatient services and,

345

psychotic disorders unit and,

252

required cost reports and,

416

Medicare Access and CHIP Reauthorization Act of 2015,

449, 454

Meetings

.See Team(s)

Memantine,

128

Menninger Clinic Residential Treatment Program,

362, 391

Menninger Foundation,

25

Mental Health America,

303

Mental Health Environment of Care Checklist,

318

Mental Health Facilities Design Guide (U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs 2017),

519

Mental Health Parity and Addiction Equity Act of 2008 (MHPAEA),

xx, 28, 30–31, 376–377, 436, 449

Mental Health Parity Compliance Act (2020),

377

Mental health service lines, and veterans hospitals,

317

Mental Health Study Act of 1955,

342

Mental status examination

assessment of suicide risk and,

473

eating disorders unit and,

195

Merit-based Incentive Payment System (MIPS),

454, 455

Methadone,

268–269, 278–279

Methylphenidate,

51

Metro Boston Recovery Learning Community,

594

Milieu therapy

adolescent unit and,

79–80

adult crisis stabilization unit and,

100–101

child unit and,

61–65

eating disorders unit and,

201

forensic unit and,

218–219

introduction and establishment of,

16

psychotic disorders unit and,

229–230, 247–249

residential treatment and,

364, 380

veterans hospitals and,

318

Military

.See Veterans hospitals

Military sexual trauma (MST),

320, 329–331

Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE),

117, 130, 135

Mission, and corporate governance,

416, 419

Mobile crisis intervention,

404

Modern Hospital, The (journal),

18

Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA),

117

Mood stabilizers

.See also Lithium

forensic unit and,

214

psychotic disorders unit and,

242

Moral injury, and military experience,

326–327

Moral treatment movement, and history of mental health care,

518–519, 570

Mortality rate

anorexia nervosa and,

188, 196

bipolar disorder in geriatric patients and,

123

dementia and,

119

hypoactive delirium and,

130

Motivational interviewing

adolescents and,

76

psychiatric nurse practitioners and,

554

substance use disorders and,

273, 282

Mount Hope Institution (Maryland),

7

Music therapy, and psychotic disorders unit,

247

Multifunctional Treatment in Residential and Community Settings,

362

Mutual-help groups,

600–601.See also Peer support services

Mutual help meetings, and substance use disorders co-occurring unit,

265

MyHealthVet (“My Healthy Vet”),

315–316

Naloxone,

279

Naltrexone,

279

NAMI (National Alliance on Mental Illness),

97, 104, 246, 303, 581, 594, 598–599

Narcotics Anonymous (NA),

285, 286

National Academy of Sciences,

448

National Action Alliance for Suicide Prevention,

600

National Alliance on Mental Illness (NAMI),

97, 104, 246, 303, 581, 594, 598–599

National Association for Behavioral Healthcare,

467

National Association for Mental Health,

22

National Association of State Mental Health Program Directors,

220, 299, 484, 553

National Board for Certification in Occupational Therapy,

569

National Cemetery Administration (NCA),

312

National Center for Injury Prevention,

469

National Center for PTSD (NCPTSD),

329

National Child Traumatic Stress Network,

361

National Committee for Mental Hygiene,

17, 19

National Committee for Quality Assurance (NCQA),

452, 453, 455

National Comorbidity Survey Replication,

188

National Consensus Statement on Mental Health Recovery,

491

National Council for Behavioral Health,

540

National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions,

183

National Institute for Health and Care Excellence,

98

National Institute of Mental Health,

22, 378

National Medical Enterprises, Inc.,

24

National Mental Health Act,

19

National Mental Health Registry (American Psychiatric Association),

459

National Mental Health Services Survey,

358–359

National Patient Safety Goals (Joint Commission),

301, 453, 467, 549–550

National Quality Forum (NQF),

453, 455, 457

National Technology Transfer and Advancement Act of 1995,

453

Natural disasters, and code response,

474–475

Neurobiology

.See also Neuropsychiatry; Neurotransmitter systems

of eating disorders,

190–193

neuropsychiatric symptoms of dementia,

127, 128–132

traumatic events and,

488

Neurocognitive disorders, in veterans,

325

Neurological examination, and psychotic disorders,

236

Neuropsychiatry,

151–152, 175.See also Neurobiology

Neurostimulation, for treatment-resistant conditions,

630

Neurotransmitter systems, and anorexia nervosa,

191

New Freedom Commission on Mental Health,

308, 484, 488

Nicotine replacement therapy,

104, 280.See also Cigarette smoking

Nortriptyline,

52

Norway Foundation (Indiana),

19

Not-for-profit organizations

corporate structure and,

412–413

tax-exempt status and,

415

“Not otherwise specified” diagnosis,

95

Nurses, and nursing

.See also Psychiatric nurse practitioners; Staff

adult crisis stabilization unit and,

101

developmental disabilities co-occurring unit and treatment team,

159

forensic unit and,

224

psychotic disorders unit and,

233

Nursing homes,

136

Nursing-intensive residential programs,

385

Nutritional rehabilitation, for eating disorders,

200

Nutritional status, of geriatric patients,

117, 119

Observation, and suicidal behavior in adult crisis stabilization unit,

101

Obsessive-compulsive disorder,

59, 188

Occupational therapy

developmental disabilities co-occurring unit and,

163, 172

eating disorders unit and,

201

geriatric unit and,

119

history of hospital psychiatry and,

17

psychotic disorders unit and,

246, 253

rehabilitation services and,

570–573, 574

Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention,

360

Olmstead v. L.C. (1999),

29–30, 302, 303, 304

One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest (movie),

592

Open setting, and residential treatment,

386–387

Opioid abuse, and opioid crisis,

xix, 268, 278, 281, 323, 324, 440

Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD),

xxv, 30

Organizational structure, and leadership of behavioral health services,

419–423

“Origins of Addiction Behavior: Evidence From a Study of Stressful Childhood Experiences” (Felitti 2003),

487

ORYX initiative (Joint Commission),

300–301, 453, 454, 456

Other specified/unspecified feeding or eating disorder,

186

“Other than honorable” (OTH) discharges,

313

Outcomes

.See also Recovery

of hospitalization for adolescents,

82

quality measures and,

450, 457–459

of treatment for eating disorders,

204–205

of treatment for intellectual disability and autism spectrum disorder in children,

153

Outdoor space, access to as human right,

598

Outpatient care

.See also Hospital-based outpatient services; Residential treatment

adult crisis stabilization unit and,

103

child unit and,

61

civil commitment and,

348–349

decline in capacity of inpatient care and,

626

eating disorders and,

193, 205

intensive programs and step-down services,

610

process of recovery and,

375

Overt Aggression Scale—Modified,

72

Oxazepam,

277

Pain

neuropsychiatric symptoms of dementia and,

128

veterans and chronic,

324

Palliative care, in geriatric unit,

119, 138

Parallel treatment, of substance use disorders,

261

Parkinson’s disease,

127, 129

Parents

.See also Family

admission criteria for adolescent unit and,

68–69

adolescent unit and psychoeducation for,

78

pharmacotherapy for adolescents and,

73

Partial hospitalization

.See also Day hospitals

eating disorders and,

205

hospital-based outpatient services and,

344–345

psychotic disorders and,

252, 253

Pasero Opioid-Induced Sedation Scale,

268

Pathways to Housing initiative,

616

Patient-centered care

culture of inpatient care and,

548

forensic unit and,

214

institution leadership and,

422, 423

Patient flow, and leadership of psychiatric facilities,

428

Patient Health Questionnaire–9 (PHQ-9),

116

Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA),

413

Patient-proximal “touch points,” for care delivery,

606

Patent-reported outcome measures (PROMs),

457–459

Patient rights, and patient rights movement

.See also Advocacy movement; Patient rights; Peer empowerment movement

risk management and,

464–465

self-determination and,

558

state hospitals and,

301–302

Patient Safety and Quality Improvement Act,

449

Patient Safety Standards, Materials and Systems Guidelines (New York State Office of Mental Health 2021),

519

Pediatricians, and treatment teams in developmental disabilities co-occurring unit,

159, 162

Peer empowerment movement,

594, 599.See also Patient rights

Peer support services,

353, 485, 595, 596, 600

Pennsylvania Hospital,

9, 23, 230, 433–434

People USA,

600

Performance measures, and quality indicators,

448

Personality disorders, and residential treatment,

381, 382

Person-environment-occupation (PEO) model,

572–573, 574

Person-first language,

597

Phishing, and cybersecurity,

476

Physical therapy, and geriatric unit,

119

Physician self-referral laws,

477

Pica,

187

Picture Exchange Communication System,

166

Pierce, Franklin,

32, 434

Pimavanserin,

130

“Plan-do-check-act” (PDCA) method,

507

Play therapy,

55

Polypharmacy

adult crisis stabilization unit and,

98

antipsychotics in forensic unit and,

215

antipsychotics in psychotic disorders unit and,

241–242

children or adolescents and,

368

Polytrauma/TBI System of Care,

331

Positive Peer Culture (PPC),

362

Post-9/11 GI Bill,

322

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

hallucinations in children and,

60

psychotic disorders unit and,

235

trauma prevalence rates and,

487

veterans hospitals and,

325, 329, 331

Power dynamics, in psychiatric hospitals,

597

Practice Guideline for the Assessment and Treatment of Patients With Suicidal Behaviors (American Psychiatric Association 2003),

470

Practice Guideline for the Treatment of Patients with Eating Disorders, 3rd Edition (Yager et al. 2006),

193–194, 200

Prader-Willi syndrome,

155, 156, 160

Pratt, Enoch,

8

Preadmission reviews,

27, 439

Predominantly restricting type, of anorexia nervosa,

184

Pregnancy, and substance use disorders,

267, 279

President’s New Freedom Commission on Mental Health,

485

Prevention

.See also Safety

of delirium in geriatric unit,

131

of patient elopement,

474

of violence,

491–497

Prevention and Management of Disruptive Behavior program,

319

Principles of Care for Treatment of Children and Adolescents With Mental Illnesses in Residential Treatment Centers (AACAP),

359

Principles for the Protection of Persons With Mental Illness and for the Improvement of Mental Health Care (United Nations 1991),

484

Prisons

forensic units and,

212–213, 223

frequency of mental illness in,

442

Private psychiatric hospitals

chains of,

24, 26

financing of psychiatric care and,

436

history of hospital psychiatry and,

5–15, 17–18, 23–24, 30

systems of ownership of,

413

Privatization, of public mental health services in 1990s,

27

Proactive care,

605, 612–613, 615

Problem adaptation therapy for cognitively impaired disabled elderly (PATH),

136

Process improvement, and leadership,

424, 426

Process literary, and quality of care,

508

Process measures, of quality,

450

Productivity-based systems, for staff compensation,

542–543

Professional Crisis Management,

370

Profit, influence of on facility goals and operations,

412

Prospective payment system (PPS),

437–438

Protection and Advocacy for Individuals with Mental Illness Act (PAIMI),

301–302, 599

Pseudodementia,

121

Pseudopatients, and studies of violence,

489–490

Psychiatric advance directives,

296, 349

Psychiatric beds

decline in numbers of,

xxv, 22, 28, 88, 413–414, 439, 441, 504

financing and numbers of in general hospitals,

435

numbers of in state hospitals,

292–293, 294–295

Psychiatric consultations, and emergency care,

405

Psychiatric nurse practitioners

.See also Nurses; Staff

care models including,

540–541

communication and,

553–554

culture of inpatient care and,

548–549

nurse-patient therapeutic relationship and,

552–553

safety and,

549–551

seclusion and restraint use,

553

shortage of mental health professionals and,

547

team collaboration and,

551–552

trauma-informed care and,

551

Psychiatric urgent care (PUC),

404–405

Psychiatrists

.See also Staff

developmental disabilities co-occurring unit and treatment team,

158–159

forensic unit and,

224

impact of utilization management on decision-making,

26

military service and,

328

roles of in hospital setting,

537–540

shortage of,

365, 371, 540

Psychiatry

.See Consultation-liaison psychiatric services; Hospital psychiatry; Inpatient care; Psychiatric nurse practitioners; Psychiatrists

Psychoanalysis,

16, 17

Psychodynamic psychotherapy, and residential treatment,

387–388

Psychoeducation

adolescent unit and,

78–79

eating disorders unit and,

198

social workers and,

558, 565–566, 568

Psychological testing, for psychotic patients,

237

Psychologists

.See also Staff

developmental disabilities co-occurring unit and treatment team,

163

roles of in hospital setting,

541–542

Psychopharmacology

.See also Adherence; Antidepressants; Antipsychotics; Benzodiazepines; Dosages; Drug-drug interactions; Mood stabilizers; Polypharmacy; Side effects

for ADHD,

51–53

adult crisis stabilization unit and,

97–100

alcohol withdrawal and,

276–277

beginning of modern in 1950s,

20

bipolar disorder in geriatric patients and,

124

for delirium in geriatric unit,

131

dementia in geriatric unit and,

128–132

depression in geriatric unit and,

121–122

developmental disabilities co-occurring unit and,

172–173

eating disorders unit and,

201–202

family and,

586

forensic population in state hospitals and,

298

forensic unit and,

214–215, 220

psychiatric nurse practitioners and management of,

550–551

psychiatrists and management of,

538

psychotic disorders unit and,

238–243

quality and management of,

456

residential treatment and,

368–369, 389

schizophrenia in older adults and,

126–127

sexual disinhibition in geriatric patients and,

133

trauma in children and,

56

traumatic brain injury and,

333

treatment-resistant disorders and,

630

Psychosis

.See also Psychotic disorders; Psychotic disorders unit

dementia and,

127

depression in geriatric patients and,

120, 122–123

developmental disabilities co-occurring unit and,

168

medication-induced in children with ADHD,

55

Prader-Willi syndrome and,

156

psychosocial treatment modalities for adolescents with,

77

residential treatment centers and,

363

target symptom prescribing for adolescents and,

74

22q11.2 deletion syndrome and,

157

Psychosocial assessment, and social workers,

558–559, 560, 562

Psychosocial determinants, of health solutions and road maps,

606

Psychosocial rehabilitation, and forensic unit,

217

Psychosocial treatments

modalities of for adolescents,

77

substance use disorders co-occurring unit and,

281–285

support services and,

616

veterans hospitals and,

320

Psychotherapy

.See also Acceptance and commitment therapy; Cognitive-behavioral therapy; Expressive therapy; Group therapy; Psychodynamic psychotherapy

adolescent unit and,

75–76, 77

adult crisis stabilization unit and,

96–97

eating disorders unit and,

200–201

forensic unit and,

215–216

geriatric unit and,

136

psychotic disorders unit and,

245

Psychotic disorders

.See also Psychosis; Psychotic disorders unit; Schizophrenia

child unit and,

60

long-acting injection clinics for,

351–352

milieu-based settings for patients with,

229–230

Psychotic disorders unit

admission criteria for,

232–233

diagnostic workup in,

235–238

discharge planning and,

250–253

dissociative identity disorder and PTSD in,

235

dual diagnosis in,

234

intellectual disabilities and,

233–234

milieu management of,

247–249

mission of specialized,

230

psychopharmacology and,

238–243

structure of,

231–232

suicidal and aggressive behaviors in,

249–250

PsychPRO,

459

Public Law 98-21 (1983),

437

Quadruple aim, and quality of care,

505

Quakers (Society of Friends),

7, 433, 434

Quality

current state of in behavioral health care,

456–457

definition of health care quality,

448

health care quality in psychiatry,

452, 454, 456

improvement efforts,

448–449

Lean program and,

503, 506–515

measurement-based care and patient-reported outcomes,

457–459

overview of issues in,

504–506

quality measures and,

449–450, 451, 453–454, 455

residential treatment centers and quality-of-care,

373

state hospitals and monitoring of,

301

Quality Payment Programs (Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services),

453, 454

Quetiapine,

129

Quit lines, and tobacco use,

104, 281

Radically open dialectical behavior therapy (RO-DBT),

199

Rapid process improvement (RPI) events,

508–510

Rating scales

.See Structured instruments

Ray, Isaac,

14, 15

Readjustment Counseling Centers,

333

Recovery

.See also Outcomes; Recovery-oriented care

definition of,

375, 591

as goal of treatment for substance use disorders,

259

messages to family on,

587–588

residential treatment and,

392

Recovery Library,

588

Recovery-oriented care

culture of inpatient care and,

548

in forensic unit,

214

Recovery support community, and substance use disorders co-occurring unit,

285–286

Recreational activities

.See also Leisure activities

forensic unit and,

217

geriatric unit and,

118

psychotic disorders unit and,

247

Re-ED (Re-Education of Children with Emotional Disturbances),

362

Refeeding syndrome, and anorexia nervosa,

200

Referrals

.See also Consultation-liaison psychiatric services

developmental disabilities co-occurring unit and,

164–165

family and,

587

physician self-referral laws and,

477–478

Regulatory oversight, of psychiatric facilities,

414.See also Joint Commission; State(s)

Rehabilitation services

.See also Occupational therapy; Rehabilitation therapy

adolescent unit and,

79–80

expressive therapies and,

569–570

forensic unit and,

217

psychotic disorders unit and,

246

state hospitals and,

297

Rehabilitation therapy,

574

Rehospitalization, discharge planning and risk of,

82

Reinforcement strategies, for behavioral intervention in developmental disabilities co-occurring unit,

171

Relapse prevention, and treatment of substance use disorders,

274, 275, 282–285

Relationships, leadership and building of,

428–429

“Release of information” form,

582

Religion

.See also Quakers

adolescent unit and,

79

recovery support groups for substance use disorders and,

285

Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (RMS),

122

Reproductive health services, and medical care for adolescents,

70

Research

history of hospital psychiatry and,

15

quality of care and,

505

residential treatment and,

373, 391–392

Veterans Administration and,

315

Residential treatment, and residential treatment centers (RTCs)

children and,

361–364

components of care in,

364–372

development of,

357–358

eating disorders and,

205

emergence of,

376–378

future of,

373

indications for,

378–379

psychodynamic systems of care and,

381–392

for psychotic patients,

252

regulation and oversight of,

358–359

step-down services and,

609

types of programs and varieties of,

359–360, 380–381

Resilience-informed care,

488

Resource managers, and residential treatment,

390

Respiratory depression, and withdrawal from substances of abuse,

268, 281

Rest homes,

18

Restraints and seclusion

adolescent unit and,

81

adult crisis stabilization unit and,

101

calls for reform of use,

484–485

child unit and,

64

consequences of use,

482–483

definition of,

481–482

executive management and oversight of,

492

forensic unit and,

220–221

geriatric unit and,

132–133

human rights and,

598–599

psychiatric nurse practitioners and,

553

psychotic disorders unit and,

250

quality measures and,

456

residential treatment centers and,

369

risk management and,

466

strategies for reducing use of,

492–493, 494–495

trauma-informed systems of care and,

486–491

veterans hospitals and,

319

Rett syndrome,

158

“Revolving door” scenario, for severely psychotic chronic patients,

231

Reward-based systems, and milieu therapy in child unit,

61–63

Reward-centered model, of anorexia nervosa,

192

RI International,

600

Risk adjustment, and quality measures,

450

Risk factors

for fetal alcohol spectrum disorder,

157

for suicide and suicidal behaviors,

132, 468

Risk management

anti-kickback statute and physician self-referral laws,

477–478

code response and,

474–475

coding and fraudulent billing,

476–477

electronic health records and cybersecurity,

475–476

importance of,

463

patient elopement and,

473–474

patient rights and,

464–465

physical environment and,

473

safety and,

465–466

sexual harassment and assault,

474

suicide and suicidal behavior,

466–473

Rockefeller Foundation,

434

Rockwell, William,

9

Root cause analysis

behavior in developmental disabilities co-occurring unit,

173

quality monitoring for state hospitals and,

301

risk management and,

466

Rorschach Inkblot Test,

237

Rose House (New York),

600

Rounds and rounding

psychiatric nurse practitioners and,

549

visibility of leadership and,

429

Rumination disorder,

187–188

Safety, and safety plans

.See also Suicide; Violence

adolescent unit and,

69, 80–81

child unit and,

48

developmental disabilities co-occurring unit and,

173

design of mental health care facilities and,

520–521, 522

forensic unit and,

217, 218

health care operations and,

427

psychiatric nurse practitioners and,

549–551

psychotic disorders unit and,

235–236

quality measures and,

456

risk management and,

465–466

social workers and,

562, 566

strategies to improve,

491–497

substance use disorders co-occurring unit and,

262, 267–269

veterans hospitals and,

318

St. Jude’s Children’s Hospital,

418

Same-day crisis clinics, and hospital-based outpatient services,

343

San Antonio State Hospital (Texas),

30

Sanctuary model,

362

Scale for Suicide Ideation—Worst (SSI-W),

469

Schizophrenia

.See also Psychotic disorders unit

aggressive behavior and,

249

in children,

60

clozapine and treatment-refractory,

243

electroconvulsive therapy for,

244

geriatric unit and,

125–127, 134

psychoeducation for families and,

566

School(s)

.See also Education

adolescent unit and reentry meetings,

82

developmental disabilities co-occurring unit and,

164

interface of with child unit,

60–61

residential treatment centers and,

365, 371

School refusal,

59, 363

Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders (SCARED),

72

Screening, for PTSD in veterans hospitals,

329

Seclusion, definition of,

481.See also Restraints and seclusion

Section 1115 waiver (Medicaid),

28, 29

Security, and residential care,

359–360

Seizure disorder, and stimulants for children with ADHD,

52

Selective serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs),

122, 123

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs),

122, 123, 128

Self-determination, patients’ right to,

558

Self-esteem, and anorexia nervosa,

185

Self-injurious behavior

.See also Suicide

adolescent unit and,

81

child unit and,

58–59

developmental disabilities co-occurring unit and,

164, 165, 167, 173

Self-reports, of violence in mental health settings,

485–486

Semistructured interviews, and eating disorders,

203

Sensory interventions

developmental disabilities co-occurring unit and,

173–174

prevention of violence and,

494–495

Sentinel Event Alert,

467

Sequential treatment, of substance use disorders,

261

Serotonin, and anorexia nervosa,

191

Service-connected (SC) benefits,

312

Sex offenders, and forensic units,

214–215, 223, 299

Sexual abuse, and military sexual trauma,

320, 329–331

Sexual disinhibition, and dementia in geriatric patients,

133

Sexually transmitted diseases, and substance use disorders,

272

“Shell shock,”

328, 570

Sheppard, Mose,

8

Sheppard Pratt (Maryland)

architecture of,

517–518, 526–530

continuum of care and,

xxvi

description of,

xxiii

history of hospital psychiatry and,

8–9, 11

measurement-based care and patient-reported outcome measures,

458–459

new facilities of,

xxvi

psychotic disorders unit and,

230, 232, 234, 246, 252

quality of care programs,

503, 504, 507, 513

substance use disorders co-occurring unit and,

267

Sheppard Pratt Suicide Risk Assessment Instrument (SPSRAI),

470, 472, 473

Shouting, and behaviors in geriatric unit,

133–134

Side effects, of medications

ADHD and,

51–52

adolescents and,

75

antipsychotics for older adults and,

126, 127, 128

antipsychotics for psychotic patients and,

243, 244

developmental disabilities co-occurring unit and,

173

forensic unit and,

215

Signing bonuses, for staff,

543

Sign language, and nonverbal patients with intellectual disability or autism spectrum disorder,

166

Sign outs

developmental disabilities co-occurring unit and,

172

residential treatment centers and,

371–372

Situational model, of violence,

489

Six Core Strategies to Prevent Conflict and Trauma in Behavioral Health Settings (Huckshorn et al. 2021),

489

Six Sigma (process improvement methodology),

514

Skilled nursing facilities, and step-down services,

610

Skills training, and substance use disorders co-occurring unit,

266

Sleep, and children with ADHD,

52.See also Insomnia

Smartphone applications,

629

Smith-Magenis syndrome,

155

Smith’s Recognizable Patterns of Human Malformations (Jones et al. 2013),

159

Social determinants of health,

626

Social history, and diagnostic workups of geriatric patients,

116–117

Social learning programs, in forensic unit,

219

Social norms, and children in residential treatment centers,

362–363

Social script, and children,

63–64

Social Security Act (1965),

21, 434

Social Security Disability Insurance,

252

Social service agencies,

61

Social work, and social workers

developmental disabilities co-occurring unit and,

162, 172

families and,

565–569

future directions in,

569

infrastructure of,

557–558

interventions with patients,

558–565

residential treatment and,

385

role of in inpatient care,

557

substance use disorders co-occurring unit and,

264

Society for Adolescent Health and Medicine,

193–194

Soldier, use of term in context,

312

Somatic complaints, and depression in geriatric patients,

120

Specialty Outpatient Treatment programs,

329

Specialty programs, and residential treatment centers,

361, 372

Specialty settings

.See State hospitals; Veterans hospitals

Speech and language pathologists (SLPs),

163

Sports programs, and forensic unit,

217

Staff

.See also Nurses; Psychiatrists; Psychologists; Social workers

abuse of power by,

488

compensation models and,

542–543

forensic unit and,

218–219, 224

future of hospital psychiatry and,

631

partial hospital programs and,

344

prevention of violence and,

493–494

psychotic disorders unit and,

232

ratio to patients in eating disorders unit,

202

residential treatment centers and,

369–370

safety and retention of,

483–484

substance use disorders co-occurring unit and,

260

use of restraints and seclusion,

483

Stage-based treatment, of substance use disorders,

264

Standardized testing, of intellectual ability,

154

Standards of care, and Wit v. United Behavioral Health/Optum,

377–378

Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale,

154

STAR*D study,

378

Stark Law violations,

477–478

“Start low and go slow” approach, to antipsychotics for older patients,

126

START NOW (evidence-based skills therapy),

216

State(s)

legal requirements for involuntary commitment,

68

legislatures and funding of state hospitals,

304–305

Medicaid and,

29

outpatient civil commitment and,

348–349

patient rights and laws of,

464

privatization of mental health services in 1990s,

27

State hospitals

accreditation of,

300–301

budget and legislative issues,

304–305

child and adolescent population in,

297

civil status population in,

296–297

consumers, advocates, and providers,

302–304

court oversight of,

302

financing of psychiatric services in,

441

forensic population in,

297–299

future of,

305–306

history of hospital psychiatry and,

3–5, 9–15, 17–18, 28, 291–293, 294–295, 434

impact of on overall continuum of care,

299–300

for individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities,

152

patient rights and,

301–302

types of units in,

293, 296

State mental health agencies (SMHAs),

299, 300, 301

Step-down levels of care

adolescent unit and,

82

birth and proliferation of,

609–610

social workers and,

561

Stigma, of mental illness,

18, 347

Stop Gap Model,

362

Strategy, and corporate governance,

415, 416, 417–419

Strengthening Behavioral Health Parity Act (SBHPA),

31

Strength-weaknesses-opportunities-threats (SWOT) analysis,

617–619

Stress, and psychosocial treatment modalities for adolescents,

77

Structural measures, of quality,

450

Structured instruments

assessment of adolescents and,

71, 72

diagnosis of geriatric patients and,

116

response of target symptoms to medications,

99

suicide risk assessment and,

469

Study of the Pharmacotherapy of Psychotic Depression (STOP-PD),

123

Substance abuse disorders (SUDs)

.See also Alcohol; Opioid abuse; Substance use disorders co-occurring unit

adult crisis stabilization unit and,

96

delirium and,

92

Medicaid and,

440–441

psychosocial treatment modalities for adolescents with,

77

psychotic disorders unit and,

234

residential treatment and,

363–364, 382

telemedicine and treatment of,

629

therapeutic pessimism about,

258

veterans hospitals and,

322–324

Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA),

358, 375, 401, 452, 469, 540, 599

Substance use disorders co-occurring unit

admissions to,

266–267

assessments and,

269–274

conceptual framework of,

258–259

decription of,

259–262

discharge planning and,

264–265, 286

future of,

287

goals of treatment,

262–266

importance of long-term follow-up,

286–287

recovery support community and,

285–286

safety and,

267–269

psychosocial interventions in,

281–285

treatment planning and,

274–275

withdrawal management and,

275–281

Succession planning, and leadership,

430

Suicide, and suicidal behaviors

.See also Safety; Self-injurious behaviors

adolescent unit and management of,

80–81

adult crisis stabilization unit and management of,

101–103

antidepressants for adolescents and,

75

design of facilities and,

526–530

eating disorders and,

188, 195

forensic unit and,

218, 219–221

geriatric unit and,

114, 117, 122, 132

hospital operations and,

427

increased risk of in posthospital population,

601

Joint Commission on prevention of,

31–32

psychotic disorders unit and,

249–250

quality measures and failure to report,

454

residential treatment and,

390–391

risk management and,

466–473

veterans hospitals and,

325

Sullivan Day Hospital,

232

Supervisors, and organizational structure,

420

Supportive counseling, by social workers,

559

Supportive therapy, and developmental disabilities co-occurring unit,

162

Support networks

.See also Peer support services

adult crisis stabilization unit and,

90, 96

family and,

583

psychotic disorders unit and,

238

Support programs, for caregivers,

120, 137

Surrogate decision-makers, and capacity,

135–136, 203

Symptom reduction, and substance use disorders co-occurring unit,

262

Syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone (SIADH),

122

System ownership, of psychiatric hospitals,

413

Tantrums

ADHD and medication-induced psychosis,

55

child unit and,

50, 55–58

developmental disabilities co-occurring unit and,

167–168

Target symptom prescribing, for adolescents,

73, 74–75

Tarrant County Homeless Coalition,

616

Tax-exempt status, and non-profit organizations,

415

Team(s), and team members

developmental disabilities co-occurring unit and,

158–159, 162–164

eating disorders unit and multidisciplinary,

197

geriatric unit and,

118–119, 137

hospital-based outpatient services and care teams,

349–353

milieu management in adult crisis stabilization unit and,

100

milieu therapy in child unit and,

64–65

psychiatric nurse practitioners and collaboration of,

551–552

residential treatment centers and multidisciplinary,

367–368

substance use disorders co-occurring unit and multidisciplinary,

261

team-based care as emerging theme in hospital psychiatry,

606, 614–615

TeamCare,

617

Technology, and future of mental health care,

628–629.See also Cybersecurity; Electronic health records; Internet; Telepsychiatry; Videoconferencing

TeleMAT services,

628, 629

Telepsychiatry

future of mental health care and,

616, 626, 628–629

geriatric patients and,

137

hospital-based outpatient services and,

347

psychiatrists and,

539–540

Telepsychiatry Toolkit (American Psychiatric Association),

616

Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC),

281

Texas Implementation of Medication Algorithms (TIMA),

98, 241–242

Therapeutic alliance

.See also Therapeutic relationship

adolescent unit and,

76

residential treatment and,

383, 384, 391

suicidal ideation and,

470

Therapeutic Crisis Intervention,

370

Therapeutic environment, design of,

519–520

Therapeutic relationship, nurse-patient,

552–553.See also Therapeutic alliance

Threats, and threatening behavior in adult crisis stabilization unit,

103

3-Minute Diagnostic Assessment,

130

Tics, and stimulant medications,

52

Time-outs, in forensic unit,

220

TJC

.See Joint Commission

Tobacco use

.See Cigarette smoking

To Err is Human: Building a Safer Health System (Institute of Medicine 2000),

448, 504

Toyota Motor Corporation,

503

“Tradition of Toughness: A Study of Nonprofessional Nursing Care in Psychiatric Settings, The” (Morrison 1990),

490–491

Transdisciplinary teams, and geriatric unit,

118, 137

Transtheoretical model, and treatment of substance use disorders,

274–275, 281–282

Trauma

.See also Adverse childhood experiences; Military sexual trauma

ADHD in children and,

53–54

children in residential treatment centers and,

361, 362

events defined as,

486–487

psychosocial treatment modalities for adolescents with,

77

substance use disorders and,

271–272

veterans hospitals and,

326–333

Trauma-informed systems of care,

486–491, 548, 551, 599

Traumatic brain injury (TBI), and veterans,

325, 331, 332, 333

Treatment

.See Behavioral interventions; Electroconvulsive therapy; Goals; Group therapy; Individual therapy; Inpatient care; Involuntary treatment; Milieu therapy; Motivational interviewing; Psychopharmacology; Psychosocial treatments; Psychotherapy; Sensory interventions; Treatment plans

“Treatment mall” care model,

523

Treatment plans

adult crisis stabilization unit and,

95

developmental disabilities co-occurring unit and,

170–171

substance use disorders co-occurring unit and,

274–275

Treatment refusal, and eating disorders,

203

Treatment-resistant disorders

future of mental health care and,

630

team-based therapy for depression and,

349–350

residential treatment and,

382–383, 393

Treatment team

.See Team(s)

Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs), and depression in geriatric patients,

122

Triggers, and relapse process in substance abuse,

283, 285

Tuke, Samuel,

434

12-step groups, and substance use disorders,

285–286

21st Century Cures Act (2016),

29

22q11.2 deletion syndrome,

157, 161

Unemployment, of veterans with psychiatric issues,

321–322

“Unified benefit” health financing model,

607

Unions, and state hospital employees,

303

United Auto Workers,

21

United Nations,

484

U.S. Census Bureau,

17

U.S. General Accounting Office,

482, 484

U.S. News & World Report,

xxiii

U.S. Office of Personnel Management,

315

U.S. Public Health Service,

19

Universal precaution, and trauma-informed care,

486

University of Washington,

613

Utica State Hospital (New York),

10, 13

Utilization management, and managed care,

26–27

Valproic acid,

242

Value(s)

corporate governance and,

416, 419

eating disorders and,

203

quality of care and concept of,

506–507

Value-based integrated care management,

616–617, 626

Vascular depression,

121

Vascular disease, and late-onset bipolar disorder,

123–124

VA Supported Housing (VASH),

321

VA Women Veterans Health Care program,

313

Veteran Readiness and Employment (VR&E) program,

322

Veterans Administration medical centers (VAMCs),

312, 316–319, 333–334.See also Veterans hospitals

Veterans Benefits Administration,

312

Veterans Health Administration (VHA),

312

Veterans hospitals

clinical challenges in,

319–333

history of,

311–316

VA medical centers and,

312, 316–319, 333–334

Veterans Integrated Service Networks (VISNs),

313, 314, 315

Veterans Justice Outreach (VJO),

321

Videoconferencing,

251, 629

Video games, and residential treatment centers,

363

Vietnam War,

328–329

Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales, 2nd Edition,

154

Violence

.See also Aggression; Safety; Suicide

adult crisis stabilization unit and past history of,

101

consumer and staff experiences of,

485–486

factors in causality,

483–484

forensic unit and potential for,

218, 223

issues and costs of in mental health settings,

481–482

portrayal of in literature,

488–489

psychotic disorders unit and,

234, 249–250

trauma-informed systems of care and,

486–491

veterans hospitals and,

318–319

Virtual care, and hospital-based outpatient services,

347–348

Visibility, of leadership,

429

Vision, and corporate governance,

416

Vitamin deficiencies, and substance use disorders,

272, 278

Vocalizations, management of in geriatric unit,

133–134

Vocational rehabilitation program, for veterans,

322

Walk-in clinical appointments, and hospital-based outpatient services,

343

Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale,

154

Weight gain, and eating disorders,

205

Weinberg Residential Crisis Program,

232

Welcome folder, and adult crisis stabilization unit,

100

Well Being Trust,

627

Wellness Recovery Action Plan,

595, 601

White, Samuel,

2

Whole Health Action Management,

595, 601

Wide Range Achievement Test,

237

Willard Asylum for the Chronic Insane (New York),

4, 6

Wisconsin Card Sorting Test,

237

Withdrawal, and substance use disorders co-occurring unit,

275–281

Wit v. United Behavioral Health/Optum (2020),

xxv, 377, 380

Women

.See also Gender

military sexual trauma and,

320, 329–331

service of in military,

313, 326

12-step groups for substance use disorders and,

286

Women’s Army Auxiliary Corps,

313

Woodward, Samuel Bayard,

2, 2

Worcester Recovery Center and Hospital (Massachusetts),

30

Worcester State Hospital (Maryland),

3, 5

Workforce

.See Staff

Workplace Behavioral Risk Assessment,

319

World Health Organization,

621

World War I, and “shell shock,”

328, 570

World War II, and psychiatric care for veterans,

20, 328

Wyatt v. Stickney (1971),

21, 302

York Retreat (England),

434

Young Mania Rating Scale,

72

Youth Risk Behavior Survey (2017),

183

Zero Suicide/Suicide Safer Care,

600