Abstinence, and psychoanalytically informed treatments,255–256Acceptance paradigm, and dialectical behavior therapy,249Actionrole of in identity formation,96youth culture and,176–180Adaptation, and developmental approach to late adolescence,17–18Adolescence.See also Early adolescence; Late adolescence; Mid-adolescencesuicidality by gender and,216–217transference-focused psychotherapy and,250youth culture and mental development in,175–186Adolescence: Its Psychology and Its Relations to Physiology, Anthropology, Sociology, Sex, Crime, Religion and Education (Hall 1904),13Adolescent resolution, and concept of late adolescence,54Ageism, and youth culture,95Age range, and concept of emerging adulthood,31–32, 276.See also Time frameAge stages, and organization of developmental theories,5Aggression, and social media,156AIDS, and gay community,189Alcohol use.See also Substance abusefraternities and,192late adolescence and,77psychopathology and,218–221suicidal behavior and,216Alpinist, The (documentary),97American Community Survey (2016),111American Psychiatric Association,245Anhedonia,214Anonymity, and psychoanalytically informed treatments,255–256Anorexia nervosa,224, 225Antiwar movement, and youth culture,194Anxiety.See also Generalized anxiety disorder; Separation anxiety; Social anxiety disorderlate adolescence and,76psychopathology in emerging adulthood and,212–215Arnett, Jeffreydevelopment of concept of emerging adulthood,ix, x, xii, 3, 20, 21, 27–33, 43, 48, 53, 266, 267, 275, 279–280on emerging adulthood as new developmental phase,5, 13, 16, 17, 47, 50on established adulthood and end of emerging adulthood,281on late adolescence,54, 74, 278on late emerging adulthood,91, 92, 102–103, 106, 107, 120on time frame of emerging adulthood,90on youth culture and emerging adulthood,184–185Assessment, and psychoanalytically informed treatments,256–258Attachment theory, and late adolescence,67, 78Attention economies, and social media,102Attractor state, and development,12, 14–15Australia, and mental health literacy programs,242Automatic cognitions, and depression,247–248Autonomy, and late adolescence,56–59, 62–63Beck, A.T.,247Becoming, adulthood as process of,119, 122Behavioral activation, and depression,248Behavioral addictions, and psychopathology,221–222“Bigger Picture, The” (Lil Baby),xv–xvi, 169–170Binge drinking, and college environment,219Binge-eating disorder,225Bipolar disorderemerging adulthood and onset of,225–226late adolescence and,76suicidality and,215–216Black Lives Matter (BLM) movement,173, 181Blos, P.,78, 106Bodyadulthood and aging of,121eating disorders and image of,225focus on in theory of development,14, 17late adolescence and responsibility for,57Boomerang effect, and late emerging adulthood,103–104Borderline personality disorderidentity pathology and,158, 159, 223–224transference-focused psychotherapy for,250, 251Bowie, David,xv, 169, 173Brain, development of from adolescence into young adulthood,94, 178–179Brake, Mike,172–173Bulimia nervosa,225Bullying, and social media,156Cascading constraints, and nonlinear dynamic systems theory,12Case vignettesof identity,136–139, 148, 150–153of late adolescence,57–59, 69–71of late emerging adulthood,36–39, 40–43, 99–101, 105–106, 115–117of psychoanalytically informed treatment,258–260, 261–264of psychopathology in emerging adulthood,209–212of youth culture,181–184Catcher in the Rye, The (Salinger),81Centre for Contemporary Cultural Studies (United Kingdom),171, 194–195Change, and definition of development,4Change paradigm, and dialectical behavior therapy,249“Changes” (Bowie),xv, 169Children.See also Parentseffect of divorce on,110–111race and identity formation in,146–147Child Welfare Information Gateway,243Circle, The (Eggers 2013),193Circuit parties, and gay culture,190Civil rights, and youth culture,194Class, socialracial/ethnic identity and,149youth culture and,171Climate change, and youth culture,181Cocaine,219Code-switching, and racial/ethnic identity,147, 149Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT),246, 247–248Cognitive development.See also Executive functionslate adolescence and,59–61late emerging adulthood and,117–118Cognitive psychology, and body,14Collegeconcept of early emerging adult-hood and,35, 49–50, 276–277COVID-19 pandemic and depression in students,213dropout rates in first year of,39, 49increase in population attending,55late adolescence and role of experience in,71–73mental health services and,241–242racial/ethnic identity differences and,148–149research on mental health needs of emerging adults and,207sexual assault and,114substance abuse and alcohol use in,192, 219–220youth culture and fraternities/sororities,191–193Columbia University Clinic for Anxiety and Related Disorders,244Coming out, and gender or sexual identity,154, 190Commerce, and youth culture,174Comorbidity, and psychopathology in emerging adults,214, 221, 224, 239Competence, and process of emerging adulthood,42Connectivism, as model for learning,117–118Conscious, and mind in psychoanalytic theory,251Consolidation, and late adolescence,237Consultation team meeting, and dialectical behavior therapy,249–250Context, and adult recognition of personhood,121Contextualism, and life span theories,10Continuity, and life span theories,11Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 disease. See COVID-19 pandemicCountertransference, and mental health care for emerging adults,252, 253, 261, 267–268COVID-19 pandemicdepression among university students and,213economic effects of,92, 93, 98, 102sexual behavior and,112substance use in emerging adults and,219in video segments,xviiyouth culture and,174–175, 190, 191Critical race theory,146Cross, William E.,xii, 145, 147–148, 153Cultural master narrative, and identity formation,243Culture.See also Youth cultureArnett’s theory of emerging adult-hood and,32–33eating disorders and,225influence of on intrapsychic development,49social relationships during late adolescence and,70–71studies on identity and,143–145Cyberaggression, and cyberbullying,156–157Dating apps, and internet,113Defenses, and psychoanalytically in-formed treatments,251–252, 257Demographics, and shifts in markers of adulthood,43, 91, 92, 93Depressioncognitive-behavioral therapy for,247–248in college students during COVID-19 pandemic,213psychopathology in emerging adulthood and,212–215Development, and developmental theory.See also Body; Brainage stages and organization of,5approach of current volume to,13–17definition of,3–4grand theories and,6human psychosocial form of,5–13intrapsychic and emerging forms of,49late adolescence and,17–21, 59–61, 77–81maturational markers leading to adulthood and,4–5phase theories and,6–9process of from early through late emerging adulthood,33–43psychoanalytically informed treatments and,252psychopathology in emerging adulthood and,207–212youth culture and mental form of,175–186Developmental cascades, and psycho-pathology in emerging adulthood,208Developmental phases, and progression,14–15Dialectical behavior therapy,249–250Diffusion, and identity development,66Digital world.See also Internet; Social media; WebsitesArnett’s theory of emerging adulthood and,30–31, 33identity development in late adolescence and,64identity exploration in emerging adulthood and,154–157late adolescence and concept of digital natives,75mental health care for emerging adults and,238, 244–246youth culture and,175, 193–194Divorce, and late emerging adulthood,110–111Double consciousness, and racial/ethnic identity development,148Driving, and risky behavior,94Dropout rates, in first year of college,39, 49Dual diagnosis. See ComorbidityDual systems theory, and risky behavior,94Dynamic systems theory,11–13Dynamic unconscious,251–252Early adolescence, and development,80–81.See also AdolescenceEarly emerging adulthood.See also Late adolescenceconcept of late adolescence and,21developmental process through late emerging adulthood,33–43as final phase in adolescent development,77–81parents and mental health care during,243suicidality and,215susceptibility to mental disorders during,238Eating disorders,224–225Ego.See also Superegomaturation process and,284mind in psychoanalytic theory and,252Ego ideals, and late adolescence,63Ego psychology,8–9Embarrassment, and stigma around mental illness,240Emerging adulthood.See also Early emerging adulthood; Identity; Late adolescence; Late emerging adulthood; Psychopathology; Therapeutic modalities; Youth cultureArnett’s theory of,27–33definition of,47depiction of concepts in videos,xvii–xviiidevelopment of concept,ix–x, 20, 275end of,280–284goal of current volume,x–xiinconsistencies in time frame of,48lack of clarity in categorization of,278–280overview of issues covered in current volume,xi–xiiiphases of,47–50, 89video on identity in,xx–xxivideo on second part of,xix–xxEmerging Adulthood (journal),31, 32, 266Emotional development, during late adolescence,59–61Emotional dysregulation therapies,248–251Employmentearly emerging adulthood and,35late emerging adulthood and,92, 97–102Enactments, and psychoanalytically in-formed treatments,252–253Encounter, and identity of minority children,147–148Endowment, and mind in psychoanalytic theory,252Environment, and development,15Erikson, E.H.developmental theory and,7, 11on identity formation in late adolescence,18, 43, 49, 63, 64, 101, 120, 135–139, 140, 157, 159, 266, 276on psychoanalysis,254psychosocial moratorium and,35, 55, 106Established adulthood,xi–xii, 50, 279Ethnicityhousing in late emerging adulthood and,104identity and,145–153stigma of mental illness and,240–241suicidality and,217Every Student Succeeds Act (2015),49Evidence-based therapies, and mental health care,246–251Executive functionscognitive development during late adolescence and,59maturation process and evolution of,282–283, 284Exposure therapy,248Failure to launch, and late emerging adulthood,104Family system, and development,15.See also ParentsFashion, and youth culture,186–188Financial independence, and late emerging adulthood,92–93, 97–101, 114–115First Episode Mood and Anxiety Program,242Floundering, and job instability,98Foreclosure, and identity development,66Forgotten half, of late adolescents,73Fraternities, and youth culture,191–193Free association, and psychoanalytically informed treatments,255Freud, Anna,7, 8, 9Freud, Sigmund,6, 7, 8, 14, 268Gender.See also LGBTQ+ individualsalcohol and substance use,220eating disorders and,225identity and,153–154late emerging adulthood and,109–114suicidality in adolescents and emerging adults,216–217Generalized anxiety disorder,213Genetics, and executive function,283Goal adjustment, and career adaptability,101Gonzalez, Emma,266Graffiti, and risk behavior,178Grand theories, and development,6Grindr (gay dating app),113, 190Hall, G. Stanley,13, 78, 276Hallucinogens,219Halperin, David,191Hartmann, H.,6–7, 17–18Hazing, and fraternities,192Hip-hop culture,172, 173, 174, 187Hoffman, Reid,193Hook-up experience, and sexuality,112, 113Housing, and late emerging adulthood,102–107, 122Hunter, James Davison,281Identityadulthood and affirmation of by society,120Arnett’s theory of emerging adulthood and,29case vignettes of,136–139, 148, 150–153developmental approach to late adolescence and,18–19developmental challenges as ongoing process,206–207digital media and exploration of,154–157empirical studies of,141–142Erikson’s theory on formation of,18, 42–43, 49, 63, 64, 101, 120, 135–139, 140, 157, 159, 266, 276gender and sexuality,153–154late adolescence and,56–59, 63–66, 76, 277mental health care and,243pathology and concept of diffusion,157–159psychodynamic theories of,139–141psychopathology and distress or disorders of,222–224racial/ethnic forms of,145–153research on emerging adulthood and,143studies on social and cultural,143–145video on process of formation in emerging adulthood,xx–xxiyouth culture and formation of,173, 180–185Identity disorder,223Identity work, and racial/ethnic identity differences,148Immigration, and identity,144In-between feeling, and mental health care for emerging adults,260–261, 265Individuation, and late adolescence,34–35Influencers, and social media,101–102Information processing, and cognitive-behavioral therapy,247Inside Higher Ed (Dziech 2019),241Insightfulness, and psychoanalytically informed treatments,253Instability, as feature of emerging adulthood,29, 48, 265Integrated maturation theory,282Internalization, process of,15.See also Anxiety; DepressionInternational College Student Initiative,239Internet.See also Digital world; Social media; Websitesmarketplace for sexuality and,109, 113psychopathology and compulsive use of,221–222streaming of videos via,xviiyouth culture and,175, 190Interpersonal theory, of suicide,217Intersectionality, and identity,144, 146, 147, 152–153, 154It Gets Better Project (2010),189Kernberg, Otto,158King, Martin Luther, Jr.,148Lancet Child & Adolescent Health, The (Sawyer et al. 2018),276Late adolescence. See also Adolescence; Early emerging adulthoodArnett’s theory of emerging adulthood and,30autonomy and identity exploration in,56–59autonomy and superego during,62–63case vignettes of,57–59, 69–71cognitive and emotional development in,59–61college experience and,71–73cultural experience and,74–75definition of,54developmental approach to,17–21Erikson’s theory of identity and,135–136extension of to age 24,237as final phase in adolescent development,77–81identity development during,63–66individuation and,34–35introduction to concept of,54–55narcissistic self-focus in,266non-college-bound teenager and,73–74persistence of attitudes, preferences, and behaviors into late emerging adulthood,93–97social relationships during,57, 66–71socioemotional challenges and psychopathology in,76–77time frame of,48, 275–278video depiction of,xviii–xix, 75Late emerging adulthood.See also Emerging adulthoodachieving adulthood and,122approach of age 30 and challenge of,118–121case vignettes of,36–39, 40–43, 99–101, 105–106, 115–117characteristics of,89–90cognitive development and,117–118developmental process from early emerging adulthood through,33–43gender, sex, and love in,109–114markers of adulthood and,97–109need for research on,91parents and,114–117persistence of late adolescent attitudes, preferences, and behaviors into,93–97stable career plan and,101–102traditional markers of,91–93Launching Emerging Adults Program (LEAP),244Learningconnectivism as model for,117–118videos and multimodal experience of,xviiiLeclerc, Marc-Andre,97LGBTQ+ individuals.See also Gender; Sexualityalcohol and substance use,220depression in university students and,213identity formation during adolescence and,153–154suicidality and suicidal thinking,217youth culture and,189–191Life span theories, and development,9–11, 55, 118Lil Baby,169–170Linehan, Marsha,249Listening, and psychoanalytically informed treatments,255–256, 257Longitudinal pathways, and psychopathology in emerging adulthood,208Major depressive disorder,213, 215Marijuana,219Marital horizon theory,108–109Marriagedesistance effect of on risk behavior,95late emerging adulthood and,101, 107–109Maslow, A.H.,194Maturation, multisystem model of,282, 284Maturing ego capacities, and development,15Maturing out, of substance-related behaviors,218Mayes, Linda,16–17“McJob,” 35McLean Hospital (Massachusetts),244Media, and portrayals of youthfulness,121.See also Social mediaMeditation,246–247Mental health, and mental health care.See also Psychopathology; Therapeutic modalitiesapps designed for emerging adults,238, 245–246literacy and,242–243problem of relationship of emerging adults with services,207Mental Health First Aid training programs,242Mentorslate adolescence and,62–63late emerging adulthood and,39Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA),94, 190, 219MeToo movement,110, 113Mid-adolescence, and development,81Mind, and psychoanalytic theory,251–254Mindfulness,246–247Mitra, D.,185–186, 279–280Moratorium period, and late adolescence,65Motivational-volitional framework, and suicide,217Multiple function, and psychoanalytically informed treatments,254Multiracial individuals, and identity challenges,149–150Music, and youth culture,xv–xvi, 97, 169–170, 173, 187, 194–195Narcissism, and self-focus,265–266Narrative identity, and late adolescence,65, 141–142National Alliance on Mental Illness (NAMI),241National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (2008),239National March on Washington for Lesbian and Gay Rights (1979),189Nature (Ledford 2018),276Nature-nurture continuum,6Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment (Arain et al. 2013),276Neutrality, and psychoanalytically in-formed treatments,255–256, 261, 264New Yorker, The (magazine),112No Child Left Behind Act (2001),49Nonlinear dynamic systems theory,11–13Normal Child and Adolescent Development (Gilmore and Meersand 2014),x, xi, 14Ontogenesis, and life span theories,10Outpatient treatment programs, and mental health care,242Parents, and parenthood.See also Children; Family systemlate adolescence and relationships with,67–68late emerging adulthood and,107–109, 114–117mental health care for emerging adults and,243–244, 261risk behavior and,95Parsons, Talcott,171Peers, and peer relationshipsmental health care for emerging adults and,244social relationships during late adolescence and,68, 80youth culture and,176–177, 195–196Personal development, and process of emerging adulthood,42Personality, and Erikson’s theory of identity,135, 140Personality disorders.See also Borderline personality disorderconcept of identity and,158emotional dysregulation therapies for,248–249Pew Research Center,149, 243Phase theories, and development,6–9, 10, 12Piaget, J.,6, 7, 8Plasticity, and developmental theories,7, 10Political movements, and youth culture,173, 180, 181, 184, 194Pornography, and internet,113, 222Possibilities, and Arnett’s theory of emerging adulthood,30, 48, 266Preadolescence, and development,79–80Pretreatment, and dialectical behavior therapy,249Private regard, and racial/ethnic identity development,148Prodromal periods, of bipolar disorder and schizophrenia,226Professional identity,xix–xx, 43Progression, and developmental phases,14–15Prosumers, and youth culture,174Psychoanalysis—A General Psychology: Essays in Honor of Heinz Hartmann (Lowenstein et al. 1966),6Psychoanalytically informed treatments, for mental illness in emerging adults,251–260Psychoanalytic theory, and late adolescence,79Psychodynamic theoriesof development,15of identity,139–141Psychoeducation,246–247, 257Psychopathology.See also Mental health; Therapeutic modalitiesalcohol and substance use,218–221anxiety and depression,212–215behavioral addictions and,221–222case vignette of,209–212developmental framework for,207–209eating disorders and,224–225identity distress and disorder,222–224prevalence of in emerging adult-hood,205schizophrenia and bipolar disorder,225–226socioemotional challenges in late adolescence and,76–77suicidality and nonsuicidal self-injury,215–218Psychosis,256Psychosocial creation, identity as,120Psychosocial moratoriumcolleges and,35Erikson’s theory of,35, 55, 106identity formation and,136, 145late adolescence and,55, 72–73, 74Pubertyearly adolescence and,80–81risk behavior during adolescence and,178Quantum shift, and systems theories of development,12Racehousing in late emerging adulthood and,104identity and,144, 145–153stigma of mental illness and,240–241suicidality and,217youth culture and,171, 192Recurrence, of depression and anxiety in emerging adults,215Reward-seeking, and development during adolescence,179–180Risk behaviorslate adolescence and,77, 81late emerging adulthood and,93–95, 96–97youth culture and,177–180, 195Role exploration, and late emerging adulthood,48, 106–107, 266–267Role models, and late adolescence,62–63Romantic love, and developmental approach to late adolescence,19Salinger, J.D.,81Schemas, and depression,247, 248Schizophreniadevelopmental approach to,209emerging adulthood and onset/course of,225–226socioemotional challenges of late adolescence and,76Second individuation, and late adolescence,78Selfeating disorders and,225Erikson’s theory of identity and,135, 136, 140Self-distortions, and identity pathology,158Self-focus, as feature of emerging adulthood,30, 48, 265–266Self-governance, and late adolescence,56–57Self-harming behavior, and suicidal ideation,217–218Self-help organizations,244Self-representation, and developmental approach to late adolescence,19Self-sameness, and identity development,65Sensitive periods, and phase theories,7Separation anxiety, case vignette of,209–212Separation-individuation, and life span theories,11Sexuality.See also LGBTQ+ individualsdevelopmental approach to late adolescence and,19gender and love in late emerging adulthood,109–114identity and,153–154marriage in late emerging adulthood and,107social relationships during late adolescence and,68Shame, and stigma around mental health care,240Situational living, and late emerging adulthood,122Skateboarding,188Skills training, and dialectical behavior therapy,249Snowboarding,188–189, 195Social anxiety disorder,248Social identity, studies of,143–145.See also ClassSocial media.See also Digital world; Internet; WebsitesArnett’s theory of emerging adulthood and,30gay culture and,190–191identity exploration and,155late emerging adulthood and,101–102social relationships during late adolescence and,68youth culture and,75, 180, 186Social relationships, and late adolescence,57, 66–71.See also Marriage; PeersSororities, and youth culture,191–193Sportsrisk behavior and,96–97youth culture and,188–189Stability gap, and late emerging adulthood,108Steinberg, Laurence,13, 179Stigma, of mental illness,240–241Stonewall Riots (1969),189Stress, and late adolescence,76Subjectivity, and psychoanalytically informed treatments,256Substance abuse.See also Alcohol useassessment of suitability for psycho-analytically informed treatments and,256–257gay culture and,190late adolescence and,56, 57, 77psychopathology and,218–221sexuality and,112youth culture and,195Suicidecollege programs for prevention of,241gay culture and,189psychopathology in emerging adulthood and,215–218Suitability, and assessment for psycho-analytically informed treatments,256–260Superego.See also Egoautonomy during late adolescence and,62–63development of in late adolescence,19maturation and,284mind according to psychoanalytic theory,252Systems theory, of development,6, 11–13Taylor, Paul,104, 119Technology. See Digital worldTelephone consultation, and dialectical behavior therapy,249Therapeutic modalities.See also Mental health; Psychopathologycourse of treatment and,260–267engagement of emerging adult patients in,241–246evidence-based strategies for,246–251psychoanalytically informed treatments and,251–260treatment gap and,239–241Therapist, orientation of in psycho-analytically informed treatments,254–256.See also Countertransference; TransferenceThinking, and suicidality,215Thunberg, Greta,181, 266TikTok,101–102, 174Time frame, of emerging adulthood,48, 90, 278–280.See also Age rangeTransactional self, and life span theories,11Transference, and mental health care for emerging adults,252, 253, 257, 259, 261, 267–268Transference-focused psychotherapy (TFP),246, 250–251Transgender. See LGBTQ+ individualsTrauma, and mind in psychoanalytic theory,252Twenge, Jean,266U.K. Household Longitudinal Study (2009–2017),104Unconscious, and mind in psychoanalytic theory,251–252University of Chicago (Illinois),171Van Dulmen, Manfred H.M.,31Video(s)depiction of concepts in,xvii–xviiiidentity formation and,139, 142late adolescence and,xviii–xix, 64–65, 75second part of emerging adulthood and,xix–xx, 93youth culture and,xxi, 176Video games,222Violence, and sexuality,114Vocational training,39, 98Websites.See also Digital world; Internet; Social mediaof American Psychiatric Association,245of National Alliance on Mental Illness,241World Health Organization,239Young Adult Mental Health Treatment Programs,244Youth culturecase vignette of,181–184defining characteristics of,74–75, 170development and implications of,170–175extreme sports and,188–189fashion and,186–188gay culture and,189–191identity development and,175–176, 180–181importance of action in,176–177late adolescence and,277late emerging adulthood and,95–96, 97mental development and,175peers and,195–196risk behaviors and,177–181substance use and,195video on,xxiYouthfulness, portrayals of in media,121YouTube,30, 174, 186, 190