Neurobiologic Mechanisms of Sleep and Wakefulness
Defining Sleep
Constituents of Sleep
Sleep Architecture
Control of Respiration and Cardiovascular Function During Sleep
Parameter | NREM Sleep | REM Sleep |
---|---|---|
Heart | Decreases | Irregular with increases and decreases |
Blood Pressure | Unchanged, stable | Irregular with increases and decreases |
Upper airway muscle tone | Decreased | Further decreased |
Temperature | Preserved thermoregulation | Increased temperature and poikilothermia |
Gastrointestinal | Failure of inhibition of acid secretion; prolonged acid clearance | Failure of inhibition of acid secretion |
Nocturnal penile tumescence/ clitoral enlargement | Infrequent | Frequent |
Effects of Age
How Much Sleep Does One Need?
Regulation of Sleep and Wakefulness
Drives.
Homeostatic Regulation of Sleep.
Circadian Rhythms.
Neurotransmitters Involved in Sleep and Wakefulness
Acetylcholine.
Serotonin and Norepinephrine.
Hypocretin.
Histamine.
Hypothalamus.
Pharmaceuticals and Recreational Drugs
Sleeping and Dreaming
Summary
Footnote
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