Comparison of the Profile of Patients With Acute and Transient Psychotic Disorder and Schizophrenia in a Nigerian Teaching Hospital
Abstract
Introduction
Methods
Study Setting
Study Design
Data Management and Analysis
Results
Sociodemographic Characteristics
Variable | Dependent Variable (% with diagnosis) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
ATPD, N (%) | Schizophrenia, N (%) | χ2 | p | |
Age at presentation, years | ||||
<20 | 9 (7.3) | 11 (4.5) | 13.94 | <0.01* |
20–29 | 71 (57.3) | 116 (47.7) | ||
30–39 | 19 (15.3) | 80 (32.9) | ||
40–49 | 20 (16.1) | 26 (10.7) | ||
≥50 | 5 (4.0) | 10 (4.1) | ||
Gender | ||||
Male | 61 (50.8) | 125 (51.4) | 0.01 | NS |
Female | 63 (33.8) | 118 (48.6) | ||
Occupation | ||||
Skilled | 35 (29.70) | 51 (25.40) | 16.41 | <0.01* |
Semiskilled | 22 (18.60) | 51 (25.00) | ||
Unskilled | 12 (10.20) | 12 (6.00) | ||
Unemployed | 5 (4.20) | 34 (16.90) | ||
Student | 44 (37.30) | 53 (26.40) | ||
Level of education | ||||
No formal education | 5 (4.00) | 6 (2.60) | 5.91 | NS |
Primary | 17 (13.70) | 28 (11.90) | ||
Secondary | 55 (44.40) | 81 (34.50) | ||
Tertiary | 47 (37.90) | 120 (51.10) | ||
Marital status | ||||
Single | 73 (58.90) | 150 (61.70) | 10.67 | <0.01* |
Married | 46 (37.90) | 64 (26.30) | ||
Divorced/widowed/separated | 5 (3.20) | 29 (11.90) | ||
Religion | ||||
Christian | 94 (75.80) | 185 (77.74) | 0.12 | NS |
Islam | 30 (24.20) | 54 (22.60) |
Variable, years | ATPD, mean (SD) | Schizophrenia, mean (SD) | t-test | p |
---|---|---|---|---|
Age at presentation | 29.50 (9.60) | 30.9 (8.80) | –1.29 | NS |
Age at onset, all | 29.50 (9.60) | 29.3 (8.70) | 0.21 | NS |
Age at onset, men | 29.61 (9.46) | 31.75 (9.16) | –1.47 | NS |
Age at onset, women | 29.38 (9.79) | 26.96 (7.57) | 1.87 | 0.06 |
Numbers of years of education | 11.50 (4.40) | 12.0 (4.80) | –1.04 | NS |
Clinical Characteristics
General Symptoms | ATPD (%) | Schizophrenia (%) | χ2 | p |
---|---|---|---|---|
Somatic concern | 12 (9.7) | 19 (7.8) | 0.37 | NS |
Anxiety | 44 (35.5) | 55 (22.6) | 6.88 | 0.01* |
Tension | 19 (15.3) | 22 (9.1) | 3.25 | 0.07 |
Depression | 11 (8.9) | 31 (12.8) | 1.22 | NS |
Uncooperativeness | 18 (14.5) | 17 (7.0) | 5.38 | 0.02* |
Unusual thought content | 9 (7.3) | 31 (12.8) | 10.90 | NS |
Disorientation | 13 (10.5) | 49 (20.2) | 5.48 | NS |
Poor attention | 59 (16.1) | 79 (21.5) | 7.94 | 0.01* |
Lack of judgment and insight | 79 (63.7) | 171 (70.4) | 1.68 | NS |
Disturbance of volition | 10 (8.1) | 49 (20.2) | 8.91 | <0.01* |
Poor impulse-control | 42 (33.9) | 113 (46.5) | 5.37 | NS |
Preoccupation | 23 (18.5) | 80 (32.9) | 8.40 | <0.01* |
Active social avoidance | 3 (2.4) | 7 (2.9) | 0.66 | NS |
Delusions | 77 (62.10) | 156 (64.20) | 0.16 | NS |
Conceptual disorganization | 82 (66.10) | 142 (58.40) | 2.04 | NS |
Hallucinatory behavior | 61 (49.20) | 124 (51.00) | 0.11 | NS |
Excitement | 22 (17.70) | 3 (1.20) | 35.24 | <0.01* |
Grandiosity | 15 (12.10) | 16 (6.60) | 3.23 | 0.07 |
Suspiciousness | 8 (6.50) | 49 (20.20) | 11.77 | <0.01* |
Hostility | 44 (35.50) | 93 (38.30) | 0.27 | NS |
Factors That Independently Predict Schizophrenia
Odds Ratio (OR) | 95% Confidence Interval of OR | p | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Age at presentation | ||||
<25a | 1.00 | |||
≥25 | 2.46 | 1.18 | 5.15 | 0.02 |
Occupation | ||||
Skilleda | 1.00 | |||
Semiskilled | 2.32 | 1.02 | 5.27 | 0.04 |
Unskilled | 0.95 | 0.29 | 3.15 | NS |
Unemployed | 3.60 | 1.05 | 12.26 | 0.04 |
Student | 0.85 | 0.33 | 2.17 | NS |
Marital status | ||||
Singlea | 1.00 | |||
Married | 0.58 | 0.27 | 1.19 | NS |
Divorced/widowed/separated | 2.36 | 0.64 | 8.67 | NS |
Symptoms of schizophrenia | ||||
Excitement | 0.07 | 0.01 | 0.34 | <0.01 |
Suspiciousness | 3.29 | 1.29 | 8.42 | 0.01 |
Blunted | 5.00 | 1.60 | 15.61 | 0.07 |
Emotional withdrawal | 38.83 | 1.90 | 795.62 | 0.02 |
Passive social withdrawal | 15.04 | 4.08 | 55.48 | <0.01 |
Anxiety | 0.60 | 0.31 | 1.12 | 0.11 |
Uncooperativeness | 0.42 | 0.15 | 1.17 | 0.10 |
Poor attention | 0.48 | 0.27 | 0.88 | 0.02 |
Disturbance of volition | 1.01 | 0.37 | 2.73 | NS |
Preoccupation | 2.04 | 1.02 | 4.10 | 0.04 |
Factors That Independently Predict ATPD
Variable | Odds Ratio (OR) | 95% Confidence Interval for OR | p | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Age at presentation | ||||
<25a | 1.00 | |||
≥25 | 0.406 | 0.19 | 0.85 | 0.02 |
Occupation | ||||
Skilleda | 1.00 | |||
Semiskilled | 0.43 | 0.19 | 0.98 | 0.04 |
Unskilled | 1.05 | 0.32 | 3.48 | NS |
Unemployed | 0.28 | 0.08 | 0.95 | 0.04 |
Student | 1.18 | 0.46 | 3.03 | NS |
Marital status | ||||
Singlea | 1.00 | |||
Married | 1.76 | 0.84 | 3.69 | NS |
Divorced/widowed/separated | 0.42 | 0.12 | 1.55 | NS |
Symptoms of ATPD | ||||
Excitement | 15.30 | 2.91 | 80.40 | <0.01 |
Suspiciousness | 0.30 | 0.12 | 0.78 | 0.01 |
Blunted affect | 0.20 | 0.06 | 0.62 | 0.01 |
Emotional withdrawal | 0.03 | 0.02 | 0.53 | 0.02 |
Passive social withdrawal | 0.07 | 0.02 | 0.25 | <0.01 |
Anxiety | 1.70 | 0.90 | 3.22 | 0.11 |
Uncooperativeness | 2.38 | 0.86 | 6.59 | 0.10 |
Poor attention | 2.07 | 1.14 | 3.75 | 0.02 |
Disturbance of volition | 1.00. | 0.37 | 2.68 | NS |
Preoccupation | 0.49 | 0.24 | 0.98 | 0.04 |
Discussion
Sociodemographics
References
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