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Abstract

Objectives

This study had two aims: to measure the prevalence of long-term prescribing of high doses of antipsychotics and antipsychotic polypharmacy in a large Canadian province and to estimate the relative contributions of patient-, physician-, and hospital-level factors.

Methods

Government hospital discharge, physician, and pharmaceutical claims data were linked to identify individuals with schizophrenia who in 2004 had antipsychotics available to them for at least 11 months. Individuals on a high dose throughout that period, as well as individuals on multiple concurrent antipsychotics (polypharmacy), were identified. Logistic and generalized linear mixed models using patient-, physician-, and hospital-level predictors were estimated.

Results

Among the 12,150 individuals identified, 11.9% were on a high dose and 10.4% on antipsychotic polypharmacy continually, with 3.7% in both groups. After adjustment for potential confounders, analyses showed that systematic propensity for physicians to prescribe high doses accounted for 10.9% of the remaining unexplained variance, and physicians as a group who prescribed high doses across a hospital or psychiatry department accounted for 3.0%. For antipsychotic polypharmacy the corresponding percentages were 9.7% and 6.2%. Even after adjustment, the variation in high-dose prescribing and antipsychotic polypharmacy remained substantial.

Conclusions

Long-term high-dose and antipsychotic polypharmacy prescribing appeared partly driven by some physicians’ and some hospitals’ propensities to prescribe in this way independently of patient characteristics. Given the weight of the evidence against high-dose prescribing and antipsychotic polypharmacy, measures addressed to physicians and hospitals most likely to prescribe high doses, antipsychotic polypharmacy, or both should be considered.

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Information & Authors

Information

Published In

Go to Psychiatric Services
Go to Psychiatric Services

Cover: Shamrock Ranch, by Peter Hurd, 1962. Watercolor, 12 × 16 inches. New Mexico Museum of Art, Santa Fe. Gift of the family of Edythe C. Mattone, 2005.

Psychiatric Services
Pages: 1210 - 1217
PubMed: 24981557

History

Published online: 1 October 2014
Published in print: October 2014

Authors

Details

Eric A. Latimer, Ph.D.
Dr. Latimer and Dr. Malla are with the Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, and the Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (e-mail: [email protected]). Ms. Naidu is with the Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal. Dr. Moodie, Dr. Tamblyn, and Mr. Wynant are with the Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal. Dr. Clark is with the Center for Health Policy and Research, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Shrewsbury. Preliminary results from this study were presented at the Canadian Association for Health Services and Policy Research in Toronto, Ontario, May 11–14, 2010.
Adonia Naidu, M.Sc., R.N.
Dr. Latimer and Dr. Malla are with the Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, and the Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (e-mail: [email protected]). Ms. Naidu is with the Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal. Dr. Moodie, Dr. Tamblyn, and Mr. Wynant are with the Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal. Dr. Clark is with the Center for Health Policy and Research, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Shrewsbury. Preliminary results from this study were presented at the Canadian Association for Health Services and Policy Research in Toronto, Ontario, May 11–14, 2010.
Erica E. M. Moodie, Ph.D.
Dr. Latimer and Dr. Malla are with the Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, and the Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (e-mail: [email protected]). Ms. Naidu is with the Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal. Dr. Moodie, Dr. Tamblyn, and Mr. Wynant are with the Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal. Dr. Clark is with the Center for Health Policy and Research, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Shrewsbury. Preliminary results from this study were presented at the Canadian Association for Health Services and Policy Research in Toronto, Ontario, May 11–14, 2010.
Robin E. Clark, Ph.D.
Dr. Latimer and Dr. Malla are with the Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, and the Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (e-mail: [email protected]). Ms. Naidu is with the Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal. Dr. Moodie, Dr. Tamblyn, and Mr. Wynant are with the Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal. Dr. Clark is with the Center for Health Policy and Research, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Shrewsbury. Preliminary results from this study were presented at the Canadian Association for Health Services and Policy Research in Toronto, Ontario, May 11–14, 2010.
Ashok K. Malla, M.B.B.S., F.R.C.P.C.
Dr. Latimer and Dr. Malla are with the Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, and the Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (e-mail: [email protected]). Ms. Naidu is with the Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal. Dr. Moodie, Dr. Tamblyn, and Mr. Wynant are with the Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal. Dr. Clark is with the Center for Health Policy and Research, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Shrewsbury. Preliminary results from this study were presented at the Canadian Association for Health Services and Policy Research in Toronto, Ontario, May 11–14, 2010.
Robyn Tamblyn, Ph.D.
Dr. Latimer and Dr. Malla are with the Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, and the Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (e-mail: [email protected]). Ms. Naidu is with the Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal. Dr. Moodie, Dr. Tamblyn, and Mr. Wynant are with the Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal. Dr. Clark is with the Center for Health Policy and Research, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Shrewsbury. Preliminary results from this study were presented at the Canadian Association for Health Services and Policy Research in Toronto, Ontario, May 11–14, 2010.
Willy Wynant, M.S.
Dr. Latimer and Dr. Malla are with the Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, and the Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (e-mail: [email protected]). Ms. Naidu is with the Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal. Dr. Moodie, Dr. Tamblyn, and Mr. Wynant are with the Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal. Dr. Clark is with the Center for Health Policy and Research, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Shrewsbury. Preliminary results from this study were presented at the Canadian Association for Health Services and Policy Research in Toronto, Ontario, May 11–14, 2010.

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