Life Changes Among Homeless Persons With Mental Illness: A Longitudinal Study of Housing First and Usual Treatment
Abstract
Objective:
Methods:
Results:
Conclusions:
At Home/Chez Soi
Methods
Sample
Interviews
Data Coding and Analysis
Results
Differences in Changes Between Groups
Variable | N | % |
---|---|---|
Need level | ||
High | 92 | 44 |
Moderate | 119 | 56 |
Gender | ||
Male | 132 | 63 |
Female | 74 | 35 |
Other | 5 | 2 |
Aboriginal (First Nations, Metis, Inuit) | 49 | 23 |
Ethnoracial minority group | 49 | 23 |
Employment | ||
Unemployed | 198 | 94 |
Employed, volunteer, or in school | 13 | 6 |
Education | ||
Less than high school graduate | 119 | 56 |
High school graduate | 34 | 16 |
More than high school graduate | 58 | 28 |
Marital status | ||
Single, never married | 140 | 67 |
Separated, divorced, or widowed | 68 | 32 |
Married or cohabiting | 3 | 1 |
Disorder | ||
Major depressive episode | 111 | 53 |
Manic or hypomanic episode | 34 | 16 |
Posttraumatic stress disorder | 58 | 28 |
Panic disorder | 53 | 25 |
Mood disorder with psychotic features | 48 | 23 |
Psychotic disorder | 67 | 32 |
Alcohol dependence | 72 | 34 |
Substance dependence | 106 | 50 |
Alcohol abuse | 40 | 19 |
Substance abuse | 56 | 27 |
Age (M±SD) | 41.3±11.2 | |
Last month’s income (M±SD Canadian$) | 781.0±839.7 | |
Lifetime months of homelessness (M±SD) | 68.0±102.7 | |
N of children under 18 (M±SD) | 1.0±6.7 |
Site | Housing First (N=119) | Treatment as usual (N=78) | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Positive | Mixed-neutral | Negative | Positive | Mixed-neutral | Negative | |||||||
N | % | N | % | N | % | N | % | N | % | N | % | |
Moncton | 6 | 75 | 2 | 25 | 0 | — | 1 | 13 | 3 | 37 | 4 | 50 |
Montreal | 19 | 70 | 2 | 7 | 6 | 23 | 5 | 28 | 1 | 5 | 12 | 67 |
Toronto | 20 | 65 | 8 | 26 | 3 | 9 | 7 | 37 | 5 | 26 | 7 | 37 |
Winnipeg | 12 | 48 | 12 | 48 | 1 | 4 | 6 | 33 | 9 | 50 | 3 | 27 |
Vancouver | 15 | 54 | 13 | 46 | 0 | — | 3 | 20 | 10 | 67 | 2 | 13 |
Total | 72 | 61 | 37 | 31 | 10 | 8 | 22 | 28 | 28 | 36 | 28 | 36 |
Factors Related to Various Changes
Discussion
Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Supplementary Material
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Cover: Afternoon, Nassau, by Gifford Reynolds Beal, 1925. Watercolor on paper, 33.97 × 49.53 cm. Collection, Albright-Knox Art Gallery, Buffalo, New York. Gift of Mrs. Howell H. Howard to Room of Contemporary Art, 1963. Albright-Knox Art Gallery/Art Resource, New York City.
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