Skip to main content

Abstract

Objective:

Wellness has been associated with various general medical and mental health outcomes; however, few empirically supported measures capture the breadth of the wellness construct. The first author had previously developed the Wellness Inventory through an iterative process with key stakeholders to establish face and content validity and examined the psychometric properties of the Wellness Inventory as a tool for assessing wellness across eight dimensions.

Methods:

The authors assessed the Wellness Inventory by using data from self-report online surveys in three samples of data collected from two groups of respondents: students and faculty members in a public university and behavioral health providers (N=3,446; 50% White and 43% female). Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses and data from samples 1 and 2 were used to examine the factor structure and fit of the inventory. Data from sample 3 were used to assess test-retest reliability and convergent and discriminant validity.

Results:

Factor analyses yielded a one-factor model comprising 54 items. A revised instrument based on this model revealed good fit to the data, internal consistency, and test-retest reliability and reasonable construct validity.

Conclusions:

The Wellness Inventory is a comprehensive and psychometrically valid tool for assessing wellness. The findings support a single dimension of wellness, suggesting wellness as a holistic, general construct. This inventory has implications for research on health promotion and prevention and clinical outcomes in both research and treatment.

Get full access to this article

View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.

Information & Authors

Information

Published In

Go to Psychiatric Services
Go to Psychiatric Services
Psychiatric Services

History

Received: 14 December 2023
Revision received: 18 August 2024
Accepted: 22 August 2024
Published online: 5 November 2024

Keywords

  1. Assessment
  2. Research design and methodology
  3. Scales and clinical measurement
  4. Test-retest reliability
  5. Validity
  6. Wellness

Authors

Details

Margaret Swarbrick, Ph.D. [email protected]
Center of Alcohol and Substance Use Studies, Graduate School of Applied and Professional Psychology, Rutgers, State University of New Jersey, Piscataway (Swarbrick, Di Bello, Nemec, Hien); Collaborative Support Programs of New Jersey Wellness Institute, Freehold (Swarbrick); Department of Psychiatric Rehabilitation and Counseling Professions, School of Health Professions, Rutgers, State University of New Jersey, Piscataway (Eissenstat, Gill); Office of Associate Dean of Faculty Development, School of Health Professions, Rutgers, State University of New Jersey, Piscataway (Gill).
Angelo Di Bello, Ph.D.
Center of Alcohol and Substance Use Studies, Graduate School of Applied and Professional Psychology, Rutgers, State University of New Jersey, Piscataway (Swarbrick, Di Bello, Nemec, Hien); Collaborative Support Programs of New Jersey Wellness Institute, Freehold (Swarbrick); Department of Psychiatric Rehabilitation and Counseling Professions, School of Health Professions, Rutgers, State University of New Jersey, Piscataway (Eissenstat, Gill); Office of Associate Dean of Faculty Development, School of Health Professions, Rutgers, State University of New Jersey, Piscataway (Gill).
SunHee Jang Eissenstat, Ph.D. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4317-6984
Center of Alcohol and Substance Use Studies, Graduate School of Applied and Professional Psychology, Rutgers, State University of New Jersey, Piscataway (Swarbrick, Di Bello, Nemec, Hien); Collaborative Support Programs of New Jersey Wellness Institute, Freehold (Swarbrick); Department of Psychiatric Rehabilitation and Counseling Professions, School of Health Professions, Rutgers, State University of New Jersey, Piscataway (Eissenstat, Gill); Office of Associate Dean of Faculty Development, School of Health Professions, Rutgers, State University of New Jersey, Piscataway (Gill).
Patricia B. Nemec, Psy.D.
Center of Alcohol and Substance Use Studies, Graduate School of Applied and Professional Psychology, Rutgers, State University of New Jersey, Piscataway (Swarbrick, Di Bello, Nemec, Hien); Collaborative Support Programs of New Jersey Wellness Institute, Freehold (Swarbrick); Department of Psychiatric Rehabilitation and Counseling Professions, School of Health Professions, Rutgers, State University of New Jersey, Piscataway (Eissenstat, Gill); Office of Associate Dean of Faculty Development, School of Health Professions, Rutgers, State University of New Jersey, Piscataway (Gill).
Denise Aimee Hien, Ph.D., A.B.P.P.
Center of Alcohol and Substance Use Studies, Graduate School of Applied and Professional Psychology, Rutgers, State University of New Jersey, Piscataway (Swarbrick, Di Bello, Nemec, Hien); Collaborative Support Programs of New Jersey Wellness Institute, Freehold (Swarbrick); Department of Psychiatric Rehabilitation and Counseling Professions, School of Health Professions, Rutgers, State University of New Jersey, Piscataway (Eissenstat, Gill); Office of Associate Dean of Faculty Development, School of Health Professions, Rutgers, State University of New Jersey, Piscataway (Gill).
Kenneth J. Gill, Ph.D.
Center of Alcohol and Substance Use Studies, Graduate School of Applied and Professional Psychology, Rutgers, State University of New Jersey, Piscataway (Swarbrick, Di Bello, Nemec, Hien); Collaborative Support Programs of New Jersey Wellness Institute, Freehold (Swarbrick); Department of Psychiatric Rehabilitation and Counseling Professions, School of Health Professions, Rutgers, State University of New Jersey, Piscataway (Eissenstat, Gill); Office of Associate Dean of Faculty Development, School of Health Professions, Rutgers, State University of New Jersey, Piscataway (Gill).

Notes

Send correspondence to Dr. Swarbrick ([email protected]).

Competing Interests

The authors report no financial relationships with commercial interests.

Metrics & Citations

Metrics

Citations

Export Citations

If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.

For more information or tips please see 'Downloading to a citation manager' in the Help menu.

Format
Citation style
Style
Copy to clipboard

View Options

Get Access

Login options

Already a subscriber? Access your subscription through your login credentials or your institution for full access to this article.

Personal login Institutional Login Open Athens login
Purchase Options

Purchase this article to access the full text.

PPV Articles - Psychiatric Services

PPV Articles - Psychiatric Services

Not a subscriber?

Subscribe Now / Learn More

PsychiatryOnline subscription options offer access to the DSM-5-TR® library, books, journals, CME, and patient resources. This all-in-one virtual library provides psychiatrists and mental health professionals with key resources for diagnosis, treatment, research, and professional development.

Need more help? PsychiatryOnline Customer Service may be reached by emailing [email protected] or by calling 800-368-5777 (in the U.S.) or 703-907-7322 (outside the U.S.).

View options

PDF/EPUB

View PDF/EPUB

Full Text

View Full Text

Media

Figures

Other

Tables

Share

Share

Share article link

Share