Page numbers printed in boldface type refer to tables and figures.
Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale,2
Acamprosate, for treatment of alcohol use disorder,209
Acceptance and commitment therapy, for treatment of OCD,143
ACE.
See Adverse Childhood Experiences Study
ACE Questionnaire,18, 19, 20
ADHD.
See Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
Adolescents, use of cannabis in,94
Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE) Study,18–20
Agency,12.
See also Collaborator model
description of,11
eating disorders and,202, 205
trauma survivors and,164
Alcoholics Anonymous,220
Alcohol use disorderacamprosate for treatment of,209
buprenorphine for treatment of,210
disulfiram for treatment of,209
naltrexone for treatment of,209–210
ALF.
See Assisted living facility
Alliance Negotiation Scale (ANS),264
Alzheimer’s,227, 233, 236
American Academy of Pediatrics, clinical practice guidelines for ADHD,52
Amphetamine, for treatment of ADHD,52
Anorexia nervosa.
See also Eating disorders
characterization of,192
prevalence of,192
treatment with olanzapine,196
ANS.
See Alliance Negotiation Scale
Antidepressantsefficacy of,234
for treatment of feeding and eating disorders,196
for treatment of binge-eating disorder,197
for treatment of bipolar depression,100Antipsychotic medicationsas “chemical straitjackets,”75
communication with patient side effects of,83–86
for treatment of schizophrenia,85–86
long-acting injectable,86
schizophrenia before,72–75
therapeutic alliance and,75–77
for treatment of neurocognitive disorders,233
Anxiety.
See Depressive and anxiety disorders
Anxiolytics, for treatment of trauma,166
Aripiprazolefor treatment of bipolar depression,99for treatment of bipolar disorder,102
for treatment of depression in children,103
for treatment of mania in children,103
for treatment of schizophrenia,84
Aristotle,260–261
Armodafinil, for treatment of bipolar depression,100Assisted living facility (ALF),237
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)in achieving hopes and goals,62–64
American Academy of Pediatrics practice guidelines,52
causes of,52
collaboration and compassionate acceptance,64–65
developmental goals and,56–58
mentalization in treatment of,58–65
occurrence of,51–52
overview,49–50
questionsduring follow-up prescribing for,62,
63to encourage mentalizing,61–62,
62symptoms of,57
empathy and,59–60
reduction of,56–58
treatment of,52
with amphetamine,52
with Benzedrine,52–53
holistic approach to,58
psychodynamic treatments,60
self-regulation in,63–64
with stimulants,52–53
symptom-focused questions open-ended questions,61–62,
62transference,60
understanding manifestations in a relational context,60–61
Auerbach, Daniel,108, 115
Austen Riggs Center,5
Avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder.
See also Eating disorders
description of,193
Balint, Enid,32
Balint, Michael,30, 31–32
Barnhill, John W.,238
Bateman, Anthony,247
BDI.
See Beck Depression Inventory
Beck Depression Inventory (BDI),12Behaviorwith ADHD,55
function of,148–149
therapy-advancing,4
therapy-interfering,4
Benzedrine, for treatment of ADHD,52–53
Binge-eating disorder.
See also Eating disorders
description of,193
topiramate for reduction of binge eating and purging,196–197
treatment with antidepressants,197
Bipolar disorderaligning diagnosis, medication, and relationship,108, 114
as biomedical story,93–95
as biosocial story,95–96
in children,103–104
diagnosis of,95–96
DSM-5 diagnostic conceptualization of,93–94,
94genetics and,94–95
hope in,92–93
overview,91–92
quality of life with,102
spectrum of mood states in,93–95,
94treatmentin children,103–104
medications for,97–98,
99–
100, 101–102
strategies for prescribers,104–108
approach to patient’s current mood state,104–105
comorbid conditions vs. bipolar disorder,107
medication use with patient’s story,107–108
patient’s goals for treatment,105–106
patient’s symptoms and medication side effects,106–107
therapeutic alliance and medication concordance in,102–104,
109–
114Black veterans, relationship with clinicians,2
Bleuler, Eugen,72,
73Blind medication harm (BMH),99–
100Blum, Joshua,211
BMH.
See Blind medication harm
BMI.
See Body mass index
Body mass index (BMI),198
Body shaming,200–201
Borderline personality disorder (BPD)clinician actions associated with pharmacotherapy in,254countertransference prescribing,244
deprescribing,248–249,
249from dispensing to collaborating in,256–257
FDA approved medications for,243
medications forattachment to,244
as distress reducers,244
psychiatric management of strategies for building effective alliances,248as shared human experience,245–246
stigma of,250, 256
sustained recovery from,252
systematic review evidence for pharmacotherapy in,253therapeutic alliance,247
collaboration with patient regarding medication,252–255, 254,
253,
254comorbidities and,251–252
in evidence-based treatment for,249–256
patient experience with,250–251
psychoeducation of patient about,251
therapeutic alliance in evidence-based treatment for,246–247,
248treatment of,243–245
clinician actions with pharmacotherapy,254pharmacotherapy,253underdiagnosis and comorbid diagnosis of,244
Bordin, Edward,34–36,
35BPD.
See Borderline personality disorder
BPRS.
See Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale—18-item version
Bradley, Charles,52–53
Breuer, Josef,176, 179
Brief Adherence Rating Scale,2
Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS)—18-item version,12Bronté, Charlotte,259
Bulimia nervosa.
See also Eating disorders
characterization,192–193
prevalence of,192
treatment with fluoxetine,196
Buprenorphine, for treatment of opioid use disorder,210
Bupropion, for treatment of depressive and anxiety disorders,123
Buspironefor treatment of depressive and anxiety disorders,123
for treatment of trauma,166
Cade, John,101
California Psychotherapy Alliance Scales (CALPAS),265
CALPAS.
See California Psychotherapy Alliance Scales
CAM.
See Confusion Assessment Method
Cannabis, use in adolescents,94
Cannon, Joanna,237
Case, Brady,141
CAT,217
CATIE-AD.
See Clinical Antipsychotic Trials of Intervention Effectiveness—Alzheimer’s Disease
CBT.
See Cognitive-behavioral therapy
CBT/ERP.
See Cognitive-behavioral therapy
CBTp.
See Cognitive-behavioral therapy for psychosis
CFI.
See Cultural Formulation Interview
Chestnut Lodge Sanitarium,73
Children.
See also Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
emotional abuse in,94
FDA-approved medications for bipolar disorder in,103–104
mental health evaluation of,51
with neurodevelopmental disorders,50–51, 56
sexual abuse in,17–19
treatment of bipolar disorder in,104
Children’s Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (CY-BOCS),141
Chlorpromazine, for treatment of schizophrenia,75
Churchill, Larry,202, 205
Citalopram, for treatment of depressive and anxiety disorders,122–123, 124
Client Satisfaction Questionnaire (CSQ),264
Clinical Antipsychotic Trials of Intervention Effectiveness—Alzheimer’s Disease (CATIEAD),233
Clinician-patient alliance.
See Communication; Relationships; Therapeutic alliance
in the antipsychotic medication era,75–77
collaborations to decrease barriers to depressive care,133with patient with eating disorders,194–195
in treatment of BPD,247
Cliniciansactions associated with pharmacotherapy in BPD,254diagnostic disclosure with patient,248differences in,37
empathy for patients,211–212
healing role of,36–38, 205,
206interest in patients,70–71
key concepts and skills of,14learning from,12–13
relationship with Black veterans,2
strategies for prescribing for patients with schizophrenia,77–87
temptation to always “do something,”86–87
training,37–38
Clozapine, for treatment of schizophrenia,86
COBY.
See Course and Outcome of Bipolar Youth
Cochrane Collaboration,53–54, 210
Cognition.
See also Geriatric patients
decline of,226–227
impairment in older adults,232
slowing and sedation with medication for treatment of schizophrenia,84–85
Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT; CBT/ERP)with exposure and response prevention,140
for treatment of depressive and anxiety disorders,123
for treatment of eating disorders,197, 198
for treatment of neurocognitive disorders,234–235
for treatment of OCD,142–143, 149, 150–151
for treatment of schizophrenia,77
for treatment of somatic distress,180–181
for treatment of trauma,159
Cognitive-behavioral therapy for psychosis (CBTp), for treatment of schizophrenia,81
Collaborator model,8–
9, 9–10, 260–261,
See also Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder; Relationships
approach for patients with eating disorders,203–
204building,132
in children,50–51
vs. dispenser model,259
from dispensing to collaborating in BPD,256–257
symptom reduction with,9–10
in treatment of BPD,255
Communication.
See also Language
active engagement with patient,248diagnostic disclosure,248factors affecting,32,
33medical language and,30
neurocognitive disorders and,236–239
with other medical practitioners,186
with patients who are survivors of trauma,161, 163,
162with patients who have schizophrenia,83–86
regular contact with patient,248Communitybuilding collaboration in,132
prescriber facilitation connection to,130–136
support for treatment of PTSD,1
Compliance, therapeutic alliance and,45
Compulsions, DSM-5 definition of,139,
140Concordancenarrative,108, 115
questions from prescribing clinicians to cultivate medication concordance,109–
114relational,108, 115
in treatment of bipolar depression,103
Confusion Assessment Method (CAM),225–226
use of to identify delirium,227
Connecticut Mental Health Center,246
Consumer Assessment of Behavioral Health Services,264
Countertransference, in BPD,244
Course and Outcome of Bipolar Youth (COBY),95
COVID-19 pandemic,65
CSQ.
See Client Satisfaction Questionnaire
Cultivating Compassion Project,49, 58, 61
Cultural Formulation Interview (CFI),183.
See also DSM-5-TR
questions,184Culture.
See also Latin cultures; Mexican cultures
“cultural competency,”218–219
cultural concepts of distress in DSM-5-TR in Latin cultures,177–
178DSM-5-TR Cultural Formulation Interview questions,184–
185CY-BOCS.
See Children’s Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale
DARN,217
DARN CAT,217
DBT.
See Dialectical behavior therapy
“Decade of the Brain,”219
DeliriumCAM identification of,227
description of,226
neurocognitive disorders and,226–228
Dementiadescription of,226–227
treatment for,228–230
Dementia praecox,72
Denver Health,192, 211
Deprescribingdescription of,248–249
principles of,248–249,
249in treatment of BPD,245
treatment of neurocognitive disorders,235
Depression.
See also Depressive and anxiety disorders
in children,103–104
prevalenceamong Black Americans,131–132
among women,120
Depressive and anxiety disordersclinical trials,127–130
collaborator modelpatient-clinician collaborations to decrease barriers to depressive care,133strategies for prescribing cliniciansfacilitate connection to community and sources of meaning,130–136
opportunities for collaboration, instruction, and encouragement,125–127
pathways to reconnection,135prescribing medications within a psychotherapeutic context,127–130
DSM-5 field trials,126
prescribing overview,119–120
race in,130
recurrence of,135
relapse,129
remission,123
socioeconomics and,130–131
stress and,133–134
treatment,121
CBT,123
comorbidities,119,
122medications,121–122
psychotherapy,127–128
in relationship,120–125
Diabetes mellitus, as side effect of antipsychotics for treatment of schizophrenia,85
Dialectical behavior therapy (DBT)for treatment of BPD,243
for treatment of OCD,143
for treatment of trauma survivors,162Dispenser model,6,
8–
9, 9
biomedical models of disease,20–21
in BPD,256–257
vs. collaborator model,259
“evidence-based” medications with,11
patient stories and,12
in treatment of BPD,255
Disulfiram, for treatment of alcohol use disorder,209
Donepezil, for treatment of neurocognitive disorders,230
Dopaminediscontinuation of,101–102
second-generation, for treatment of bipolar depression,101,
99side effects in treatment of schizophrenia,85
for treatment of bipolar disorder in children,104
Doran, Jennifer,36
DSM-5definition of mental disorders,20–21
definition of obsessions and compulsions,139,
140diagnostic conceptualization of bipolar disorder,93–94,
94diagnostic criteria for neurocognitive disorders,226
field trials for depressive and anxiety disorders,126
model of ADHD,51
structure of eating disorders,193
DSM-5-TR.
See also Cultural Formulation Interview
cultural concepts of distress in Latin cultures,177–
178Cultural Formulation Interview questions in,184–
185description of schizophrenia in,71, 76
diagnostic app for,5
diagnostic criteria for feeding and eating disorders,196
diagnostic criteria for neurocognitive disorders,226
diagnostic criteria for PTSD,155–156
diagnostic criteria for somatic distress,173–174
diagnostic symptoms of schizophrenia,79
symptoms of ADHD in,51
DSM-III, definition of schizophrenia,75–76
Eating disorders.
See also Anorexia nervosa; Avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder; Binge-eating disorder; Bulimia nervosa; Pica; Rumination disorder
CBT for treatment of,197, 198
clinician-patient relationship and,194–195
collaborative approach for patients with,203–
204DSM-5 structure of,193
DSM-5-TR diagnostic criteria for,196
healing skills of exemplary clinicians,205,
206learning from patients with,193–195
mentalization for managing,199–200
mind, body, and agency,202, 205
overview,191–192
prevalence of,192
process of care with,194–195
role and limits of medications for,195–198
therapeutic alliance with patients with,198–202
listening, empathy, and warmth,198–199
patients’ goals and strengths,199–200
unhealthy cultural practices and attitudes,200–202
understanding disordered eating,192–193
El Future clinic,175–176
Embodied mentalization, for managing eating disorders,199–200
Embodied simulation theory, description of,245–246
EMDR.
See Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing
Empathywith symptoms of ADHD,59–60
in therapeutic alliance,248Empowerment, trauma survivors and,164
Engel, George,24
Externalization, of symptoms of OCD,147–149,
148Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR), for treatment of trauma,165
“Fat envelope cases,”31
FDA.
See U.S. Food and Drug Administration
Felitti, Vincent,17–20
Fineberg, Sarah,250–251, 255, 256
Fluoxetinefor treatment of bipolar depression,99for treatment of bulimia nervosa,196
for treatment of depression in children,103
for treatment of PTSD,1
Fonagy, Peter,247
Four A’s,72–73, 213,
2154PAS.
See 4-Point ordinal Alliance Self-report
4-Point ordinal Alliance Self-report (4PAS),265
Four P’s.
See also Prescribing
description of,23–24,
23medications and sample questions for prescribers,24questions about,23relationships and,22–24
Frank, Jerome,30–31, 92, 128
Franklin, Martin,140
Freeman, Jennifer,142, 148–149
Freud, Sigmund,176, 179
Fromm-Reichmann, Freida,73–74,
73Galantamine, for treatment of neurocognitive disorders,230
Garcia, Abbe,141
General psychiatric management (GPM), for treatment of BPD,243, 246, 247,
248Geneticsbipolar disorder and,94–95
variance in OCD prevalence attributable to,142
Geriatric patients.
See also Cognition
changes in older adult physiology,231GPM.
See General psychiatric management
Grady Memorial Hospital,156
Graves’ disease,20
HAES.
See Health at Every Size movement
Hallucinations.
See also Schizophrenia
patient’s experiences with,81
in patients in a women’s prison,69–70
with schizophrenia,76,
80Haloperidol, in treatment of BPD,255
HAM-A.
See Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale
HAM-D.
See Hamilton Depression Rating Scale
Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A),12Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D),12Hankerson, Sidney,119–120, 121, 125–126, 128, 130, 136
Hansen, Helena,212, 218–219
HAq.
See Helping Alliance Questionnaire
HAq-1.
See Helping Alliance Questionnaire
HAq-II.
See Helping Alliance Questionnaire
HAq-PC.
See Helping Alliance Questionnaire
Hari, Johann,134
Health at Every Size (HAES) movement,201
Health Care Climate Questionnaire,265
Healthy Longevity Global Grand Challenge,228
Hearing Voices Network,70
HELP.
See Hospital Elder Life Program
Helping Alliance Questionnaire (HAq; HAq-I; HAq-II; HAq-PC),264
Herman, Judith,157–158
HIV,227
Hopein bipolar disorder,92–93
in depressive and anxiety disorders,130
of patients with eating disorders,194–195
Hospital Elder Life Program (HELP),228
The Human Connection (THC),264–265
Huntington’s disease,227
Hydroxyzine, for treatment of trauma,166
Hypervigilance,163
Ideas of reference,80Imipramine, for treatment of depressive and anxiety disorders,124–125
Inouye, Sharon K.,227, 230, 232, 239–240
Insomnia,163, 166
Institutional review board (IRB), Southern California Permanente Medical Group,19
Intensive Program for OCD,141–142, 144
Internetfor treatment for trauma,159
for treatment of OCD and related disorders,143
IRB.
See Institutional review board, Southern California Permanente Medical Group
Toxoplasma gondii,94
Jamison, Kay Redfield,91–93, 95, 97, 98, 101, 104, 108, 115
Kaiser Permanente,17
Kendler, Kenneth,126, 133–134
Kennedy-Satcher Center for Mental Health Equity,156
Ketamine, for treatment of BPD,245
Kitwood, Tom,237
Kleinman, Arthur,186–187
Kraepelin, Emil,72, 126
LAI.
See Long-acting injectable antipsychotic medications
Lamotrigine, for treatment of bipolar depression,102,
99Language.
See also Communication
Latino,175
n1
“medication compliance” vs. “medication interest,”164
Latin cultures,221–222
cultural concepts of distress in DSM-5-TR,177–
178Lewy body,227
Likelihood to help or harm (LLH),99–
100Likert scale,263, 264
Linehan, Marsha,246–247
Lithiumfor treatment of bipolar depression,102,
99in treatment of bipolar disorder,98, 101
for treatment of depression in children,103
for treatment of depressive and anxiety disorders,123
for treatment of mania in children,103
LLH.
See Likelihood to help or harm
Long-acting injectable (LAI) antipsychotic medications,86
“The Long Gray Line,”155
Lowell, Robert,91–92
Lurasidone, for treatment of bipolar depression,99Mad Pride movement,70, 82
MADRS.
See Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale
Maniain bipolar disorder,101
definition of,93
treatment in children,103
Manic-depressive psychosis,72, 91.
See also Bipolar disorder
March, John,140
Marijuanadecriminalization of,221–222
use in adolescents,94
Martin, Emily,95–96, 107
Massachusetts Mental Health Center,74
MAT.
See Medication-assisted treatment
Medication.
See also Prescribing;
individual drug names“magic pill” expectation,164, 165
meaning of,164–165
“medication compliance” vs. “medication interest,”164
questions from prescribing clinicans to cultivate medication concordance,109–
114side effects of,106–107
“soul of the pill,”164
Medication-assisted treatment (MAT)structural barriers to,210–211
for substance use disorders,220–221
Meltzer, David,44–45
Memantine, for treatment of neurocognitive disorders,230
Menninger, Karl,78, 132–133
Mental health disordersas biosocial,9
definition of,20–21
DSM-5 definition of,21
outside-in approach to,20–22
symptom reduction as goal of,82
threats to mental health,156
Mentalizationcycles of,58,
59for managing eating disorders,199–200
questions to encourage,61–62,
62self-regulation in treatment of ADHD,63–64
in treatment of ADHD,58–65
for treatment of BPD,243
Methadone, for treatment of opioid use disorder,210
Metzl, Jonathan,212, 218–219
Mexican cultures,182
somatic syndromes in,179
MI.
See Motivational interviewing
Militarysurvivors of combat trauma,157
treatment of PTSD in veterans,156
Miller, William,212–213
Mind-body connection,193–194, 199, 201–202
Mini-Mental State Exam (MMSE),237, 239
Mintz, David, what clinicians learned from,3–4
Mirtazapine, for treatment of depressive and anxiety disorders,123, 124
MITI.
See Motivational Interviewing Treatment Integrity Code
MMSE.
See Mini-Mental State Exam
Modelsbiomedical modelsof disease,20–21
for OCD,142
collaborator model,8–
9, 21–22, 132, 246–257, 255, 259, 260–261,
8–
9in children,50–51
commitments of,10–12,
12desprescribing model,248–249,
249dispenser model,8–
9, 255, 256–257, 259
DSM syndrome of ADHD,51
4P model,23–24,
23“inside-out” biomedical model of disease,20–21
“medical” model for psychotherapy,9
“outside-in” approach to mental disorder,20–21
Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS),12Mood stabilizers, for treatment of bipolar depression,99Mood states, in bipolar disorder,93–95,
94Morehouse School of Medicine,156
Motivational interviewing (MI)aspects of acceptance in,215,
215“change talk” and “sustain talk” in,216, 218
method of,213
OARS in,216patients’ ambivalence toward,216–218
principles for building collaborative relationships in,216spirit of,213
for substance use disorders,212–218
traps of,214–215
Motivational Interviewing Treatment Integrity Code (MITI),265
Movement, communication with patient about side effects of medication side effects for treatment of schizophrenia,85
Naltrexone, for treatment of alcohol use disorder,209–210
National Academy of Medicine,228
National Health Service (England),31
National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH),102, 121
NCDs.
See Neurocognitive disorders
Netherland, Julie,219
Neurocognitive disorderscomorbidities and,233
DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for,226
DSM-5-TR diagnostic criteria for,226
treatmentwith antipsychotics,233
with CBT,234–235
with N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor agonist,230
with omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids,229
with tacrine,230
Neurocognitive disorders (NCDs)changes in older adult physiology with altered pharmacokinetics,231communication and,236–239
comorbid medical and mental disorders with,232–235
conditions that resemble,228,
229delirium and,226–228
deprescribing medications for,235
encouraging meaningful social connections,236
learning from geriatric patients,239–240
in older adults,230–232
overview,225–226
social and financial barriers to care,232
Nightmares, in survivor patients of trauma,166
NIMH.
See National Institute of Mental Health
NNH.
See Number needed to harm
NNT.
See Number needed to treat
Norepinephrine, for treatment of depressive and anxiety disorders,121
Number needed to harm (NNH),98, 233–234
Number needed to treat (NNT),97,
98, 102, 209–210
OARS, in MI,216Obesity, program for,17–18
Obesity Program,18
Obsessions, DSM-5 definition of,139,
140Obsessive-compulsive (OCD) and related disordersclinician judgment and,145–147
comorbidity and diagnostic complexity of,150–151
DSM-5 definition of obsessions and compulsions,139,
140encouragement of externalization of symptoms of,147–149,
148medication in,142–144
with psychotherapy,149–151
patient exposure in,145
prevalence to genetic effects of,142
severity of distress,150
therapeutic alliances in pharmacotherapy for,144–151
treatmentacceptance and commitment therapy,143
dialectical behavior therapy,143
internet-based,143
psychodynamic psychotherapy,143
“talk back to,”147
ways to build alliance with patient with,145,
146OCD.
See Obsessive-compulsive and related disorders
Olanzapinefor treatment of anorexia nervosa,196
for treatment of bipolar depression,99, 101, 102
for treatment of depression in children,103
for treatment of mania in children,103
for treatment of schizophrenia,2, 84
Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, for treatment of dementia,229
180 Health Partners,156
Ordóñez, Cecilia,174–176, 175
n1, 183, 185
Ostow, Mortimer, on medications with psychotherapy,4
OxyContin,219
Paranoia,80Paroxetinefor treatment of bipolar depression,100for treatment of PTSD,1
for treatment of trauma,166
Patientsambivalent,28
ambivalence toward MI,216–218
characteristics reducing treatment outcomes,40–
43clinicians’ interest in,70–71
collaboration regarding medication for treatment of BPD,252–255,
253, 254
exposure of OCD in,145
hope with eating disorders,194–195
learning from geriatric patients,239–240
“magic pill” expectation,164, 165 “making patients active agents in their own lives,” 165
meaning of posttraumatic experience in,156
nonverbal habits of,34
referential content of patients’ experience,79,
80, 81
with social challenges,221
stories from,12
treatment-resistant,28
verbal habits of,34
who are medically fragile,192
PE-A.
See Prolonged exposure therapy for adolescents
Pediatric OCD Treatment Study (POTS I; POTS II),140–141, 144, 149
Persons-in-relation,259–260
Pharmacotherapyclinician actions regarding medication for treatment of BPD,254cultivating alliance, for PTSD,159–169
systematic review evidence in BPD,253therapeutic alliances for OCD and,144–151
for treatment of OCD,143
Pica.
See also Eating disorders
description of,193
Placebo, prescribing,27–28
Pollan, Michael,44
Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale,2
Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD).
See also Trauma- and stressor-related disorders
cultivating alliance in pharmacotherapy for,159–169
diagnosis of,1
meaning of patient’s experiences with,156
symptoms of,2, 163
intensity of,166
treatment, in female veterans,156
POTS I.
See Pediatric OCD Treatment Study
POTS II.
See Pediatric OCD Treatment Study
Prazosin, for treatment of trauma,166
Prescribing.
See also Dispenser model; Four P’s; Therapeutic alliance
actions vs. interactions with patient,29–30
collaboration model of,5–6, 21–22, 260–261
connection in,29–30
countertransference,244, 255
as a form of psychotherapy,1
goals of medication use,3
how to prescribe,3–5
medications and sample questions for,24meta-analysis of,39
6,8–
9, 9
patient characteristics reducing treatment outcomes,40–
43a placebo,27–28
power of prescribing alliance,38–39
psychodynamic,39, 44–45,
40–
43psychology of psychopharmacology,27–29
roots of,30–32
questions during follow-up of ADHD,62,
63relationships and,3
stimulants for ADHD,52–53
strategies in bipolar disorder,104–108
during a therapeutic alliance,3
via a vending machine,5–6, 12
Prion,227
Prolonged exposure therapy for adolescents (PE-A), for treatment of trauma,159
Psychedelics,44
Psychiatristshistoric view of the role of therapeutic alliance in schizophrenia,72,
73“Psychodynamic psychopharmacology,”5
PsychoeducationGPM in therapeutic alliance,248of patient,251
Psychopharmacology “psychodynamic,”5
psychology of,27–29
with psychotherapy,4–5
roots of,30–32
PsychotherapyCBTp to build therapeutic alliance,81
“medical” model for,9
“medication-assisted,”44
medication for OCD and,149–151
Ostow on medications with,4
prescribing,1
prescribing medications for depressive and anxiety disorders,127–130
with psychopharmacology,4–5
for treatment of depressive and anxiety disorders,127–128
for treatment of OCD,143
for treatment of trauma,165–167
in women to manage eating disorders,200
Psychotic disorders.
See also Schizophrenia
experiences with,80therapeutic relationships in schizophrenia,72
PTSD.
See Posttraumatic stress disorder
Purdue Pharmaceuticals,219
Quality of life, with bipolar disorder,102
Quetiapinefor treatment of bipolar depression,99for treatment of mania in children,103
for treatment of schizophrenia,84
Racein depressive and anxiety disorders,130–131
effects on mental illness,131, 167
Relationships.
See also Clinician-patient alliance; Collaborator model
cultivating strong working relationships with patients with somatic distress,180–186
development of,63–64
dose-response,18–19
early experience with,20
four P’s and,22–24,
23,
24healing,93
health problems and,19–20
outside-in approach to mental disorder,20–22
in patients with bipolar disorder,93–95
in patients with trauma disorders,169
persons-in-relation,259–260
prescribing and,3
traps of,214–215
trauma- and stressor-related disorders and,157–158
with trauma survivors,158
in trauma treatment,169
in treatment of depressive and anxiety disorders,121
Resilience, trauma survivors and,164
Risperidonefor treatment of bipolar disorder,101
for treatment of mania in children,103
for treatment of schizophrenia,2
Rivastigmine, for treatment of neurocognitive disorders,230
Rollnick, Stephen,212–213
Rumination disorder.
See also Eating disorders
description of,193
Schenck, David,202, 205
Schizophrenia.
See also Hallucinations
before antipsychotic medications,72–75
clinicians’ humanization of,78–79
clinicians’ temptation to always “do something,”86–87
description in DSM-5-TR,71
diagnosis of,73–74
as a disorder of the “social brain,”76
DSM-5-TR diagnostic symptoms of,79
DSM-III definition of,75–76
focus on patient’s function and goals vs. symptoms,82–83
lifelong illness with,78
medication efficacy trials for,2
prescribing overview,69–71
“primary vs. secondary insight” into,82–83
strategies for prescribing clinicians’ alliance with patients,77–87
symptoms of,77, 79–82,
80Four A’s,72–73
therapeutic relationships in patients with,72, 76
CBTp to build therapeutic alliance,81
treatment for,2
in the antipsychotic medication era,75–77
CBT,77
communication about medication side effects,83–86
altered movement,85
cognitive slowing and sedation,84–85
sexual function problems,85
weight gain, increased appetite, and metabolic side effects,85–86
historic psychiatrists’ view of the role of therapeutic alliance,72,
73medications,71–72
Second-generation dopamine antagonists, for treatment of bipolar depression,99Semrad, Elvin,73, 74–75
Serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SRI)mechanism of,164–165
side effects of,2
for treatment of depressive and anxiety disorders,121, 122–123
for treatment of PTSD,1
Sertralinefor treatment of neurocognitive disorders,233
for treatment of OCD,141
for treatment of PTSD,1
for treatment of trauma,166
Sexual abuse, in childhood,17–19
Sexual function, with medication for treatment of schizophrenia,84–85
Shay, Jonathan,167
Shea, Shawn Christopher,164
Shepherd and Enoch Pratt Hospital,74
Skilled nursing facility (SNF),237
Smith, Luke,174–176, 175
n1, 182, 186–187
SNF.
See Skilled nursing facility
Socioeconomics, in depressive and anxiety disorders,130–131
Somatic distresscultivating strong working relationships in patients with,180–186
relationship of stress to the body,183, 185
cultural concepts of distress in DSM-5-TR in Latin cultures,177–
178culture, personhood, and somatization,176, 179–180
diagnosis of,174
DSM-5-TRCultural Formulation Interview questions,184–
185diagnostic criteria of somatic distress in,173–174
El Futuro clinic,175–176
in Latin populations,175–176, 175
n1
stages of,180
symptoms of,176
cultural context of symptoms,182–183
expression of,186
syndromes of,179
targets for medication treatment and monitoring,185
validating patients’ distress,181–182
SRI.
See Serotonin reuptake inhibitor
STAR*D.
See Treatment Alternatives to Relieve Depression trial
St. Elizabeths Hospital,74
STEP-BD.
See Systematic Treatment Enhancement Program for Bipolar Disorder
Stimulantsclinical effects of,54–55
discontinued use of,54
misuse of,54
for treatment of ADHD,52–53
Stress,133–134
relationship to the body,183, 185
Structural competency,218–221
Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-5,2
Substance use disordersabstinence-based approach to treatment of,210
motivational interviewing and prescribing for,212–218
open engagement with the patient,214–215,
215permission and feedback about medication,215–216
recovery from,217
structural competency and,218–220
therapeutic alliance and,211–212
Suicide,50
Sullivan, Harry Stack,73, 74
Systematic Treatment Enhancement Program for Bipolar Disorder (STEP-BD),102
Tacrine, for treatment of neurocognitive disorders,230
TAQS.
See Therapeutic Alliance Quality Scale
THC.
See The Human Connection
Therapeutic alliance.
See also Prescribing
antipsychotics and,75–77
in bipolar disorder,102–104
in BPD,249–256
communication factors affecting,32,
33compliance and,45
features of,34,
35GPM for building effective alliances,248healing power of,32–34
historic view of the role in schizophrenia,72,
73importance in treatment of schizophrenia,76
measures,263–266
measuring,34–36
medication and,129–130
efficacy of,145
as partnership,213
with patients with eating disorders,198–202
in pharmacotherapy for OCD,144–151
with pharmacotherapy for PTSD,159–169
prescribing during,3
quality of,129
relationships with trauma survivors,158
strategies for prescribing clinicians’ alliance with patients with schizophrenia,77–87
substance use disorders and,211–212
traps of,214–215
in treatment of depressive and anxiety disorders,124–125, 128–130
for treatment of eating disorders,197–198
in treatment of OCD,144
Therapeutic Alliance Quality Scale (TAQS),35–36
Therapist Bond Scale,265
Therapists.
See Clinicians
Thoridazine, for treatment of schizophrenia,84
Thought broadcasting,80Thought insertion,8Thyroid hormone,20
for treatment of depressive and anxiety disorders,123
Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH),20
Topiramate, for reduction of binge eating and purging,196–197
Transference, in treatment of ADHD,60
Transference-focused therapy, for treatment of BPD,243
Tranylcypromine, for treatment of depressive and anxiety disorders,123
Trauma- and stressor-related disorders.
See also Posttraumatic stress disorders
context of,167
cultivating alliance in pharmacotherapy for PTSD,159–169
exposure to,156–157
practical strategies for building strong prescribing relationships with survivors of,160, 161–169
relationships and,157–158, 169
survivors of,156–157
treatmentCBT,159
DBT,162EMDR,165
PE-A,159
psychotherapy,165–167
Trazodone, for treatment of sleep disorder,1
Treatment Alternatives to Relieve Depression (STAR*D) trial,121–124, 127
TSH.
See Thyroid-stimulating hormone
U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (VA),1
U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA),102
VA.
See U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs; Veterans Affairs hospital
Validation, for building strong prescribing relationships with survivors of trauma,161,
162Vanderbilt Therapeutic Alliance Scale (VTAS; VTAS-R),265
Venlafaxinefor treatment of depressive and anxiety disorders,123
for treatment of trauma,166
Veterans Affairs (VA) hospital,227
Veterans Health Administration,233–234
Vortioxetine, for treatment of neurocognitive disorders,234–235
VTAS.
See Vanderbilt Therapeutic Alliance Scale
VTAS-R.
See Vanderbilt Therapeutic Alliance Scale
WAI.
See Working Alliance Inventory
WAI-S.
See Working Alliance Inventory
“War on Drugs,”219
WHO.
See World Health Organization
Womendepression prevalence among,120
psychotherapy to manage eating disorders,200
treatment of veterans with PTSD,156
with unexplained neurological symptoms,176, 179
Working Alliance Inventory (WAI; WAI-S),36, 263
World Health Organization (WHO),120–121, 131
Wrenn, Glenda,159, 161–169,
160Young Mania Rating Scale,106
Ziprasidone, for treatment of bipolar depression,99