Page numbers printed in boldface type refer to figures and tables.
Acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT),231, 232
Acting, as trauma-focused intervention,318–319
Activating event, Belief, Consequence (ABC) model,296
Active partners,370–371
Active psychosis,57
Activity scheduling,382
Actual self,82
Adapted transitivity analysis,108–114,
111–
113, 127–133
ADHD,196
Adverbs,120–122,
121, 141–142
Aetiology and Ethnicity of Schizophrenia and Other Psychoses (AESOP) study,59
African American experiences of racial trauma,62, 78–79
African Caribbean experiencesof hallucinations,59
of racial trauma,78–79
AIHQ (Ambiguous Intentions Hostility Questionnaire),74
Alternative explanations,185, 189
Ambiguous Intentions Hostility Questionnaire (AIHQ),74
Analytic reasoning,32–33
Anastrophe (turning back) phase of delusions,13, 72
Animal intermetamorphosis,262–264, 265
Animals’ belief-like behaviors,19
Anomalous perception model,80–81, 83
Antidote to catastrophization,390–391
Anti-Semitism,6, 23–24, 30, 32
Anxietyattachment style,85
comorbidity of psychosis,144
conspiracy theories and,32
death anxiety,32
in Japanese culture,291
paranoia models based on,80–81, 85
prevalence in urban environments,78
reduction through CBT,185, 189, 198, 204, 215–220, 2019
reduction through collaboration techniques,165, 167, 175, 212–220,
219, 391–392
reduction through schema work,212
as at-risk mental state,196, 198, 204
thought disorder and,277–279, 285–286
videos on,391–392, 397
Apophany (revelation) phase of delusions,13, 72
Applied language.
See Clinical linguistics
Aristotelian logic,267
ARMS.
See At-risk mental state
Assessing delusions,143–160
beginning the conversation,147–149
case examples,153–154,
154, 156
case formulations,154–156,
156.
See also Case formulations
conclusion,157–158
effects of delusions,146, 151–152
functional assessments,151–152, 154,
154 history collection, 149
key points,159
overview,143–144,
144–
147personal reflection,156–157
phenomenology,150
questions for discussion,158
videos on,158, 394
399Associated behavior model,330,
331At-risk mental state (ARMS),193–206
case exampleshaunted by jinns,201–204,
203PTSD and thought broadcasting,199–201
definition,194–195
key points,204–205
personal reflection,193–194
prevalence, in help-seeking adults,195–196
questions for discussion,204
state interventions for,196–198
suggested readings,205
therapy targets in CBT for,198–204,
201Attachment styles,84–85
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD),196
Attributional biases,82–83, 84–85
Automatic thoughtsof clinicians,xii, 101–103, 104
of family members,374–375,
375of patients,153, 215, 245, 246
AVATAR therapy,346.
See also Digital health tools
Avoidance attachment style,85
Bad-me vs. poor-me paranoia,83–84
Beads task,83–84
Befriendingcollaboration through,164–165, 172–173, 390
family and natural support coaching for,379, 384–385
normalizing and,176
in Schreber case,212–213
video on,164, 390
Behavioral effects, as assessment target,146, 151–152
Behavioral experimentsfor ARMS patients,199
for bizarre delusions,244
in CBTp,188–189, 190
in CBTp (f) program,334–335, 337
for families and natural supports,382
video on,188, 395
in virtual reality environment,246
Beliefs-delusions comparison,3–36
about and overview,3–5, 17
assessing core beliefs,147, 148, 151, 152–153, 155
certainty and,21–23
conclusion,33–35
contextual influences on,9–10
continuum hypothesis,15–17, 179–180, 247, 307, 377
cultural contexts and origins,17–19, 27–33, 58–61
evolution of,20–21, 25, 34–35
key points,36
as language-driven and propositional,19–21
legal cases,10–12
literature overview,xxxi–xxxii
lived experience of strongly held beliefs,47–55
ordinary people’s weird beliefs,5–7
overvalued ideas,201–202
personal reflection and,156–157
phenomenological approach to,12–15
propagation and,29–33, 34
psychiatric patients’ delusions,7–10.
See also specific delusionspsychoeducation on,376–377
questions for discussion,35
social relations and,34–35
systems of beliefs,23–27, 31, 99
uniqueness of delusions,27–33
universality and,9–10
Bereavement case example,186–189,
187Biological psychiatry,208, 239–240
Biopsychosocial-spiritual model,64–65
Bizarre and grandiose delusions,239–251
background,4–5, 8, 9, 239–240
case examplesin forensic setting,330–335,
333in office setting,241–249
definition,148
discussion,248–249
erotomania as,226–227
functions of,155
historical review of Schreber case,207–223
key points,250
normalizing,377
overview,179–180, 239–240
personal reflection,240–242
phases of therapy for,242–248
questions for discussion,249
universality of,9
videos on,244, 247–248, 392, 393, 394
Black Caribbean experiencesof hallucinations,59
of racial trauma,78–79
Brainstorming maps,110, 127–128
Brief Core Schema Scales,247
Brown, Brené,375
CAARMS (Comprehensive Assessment of At-Risk Mental States),195–196
California Consumer Privacy Act (2020),357
Cannabis,81, 180, 335, 336
Capgras syndrome.
See also Delusions of misidentification
background,9, 80, 253–254
biological and psychological explanations of,254–256, 258–261, 264–270
case examplesCapgras delusion,268–270
metamorphosis,263–264
definition,253
key points,270–271
ordinary mental life comparison,261–270
personal reflection,270
phenomenology of,255–261
questions for discussion,270
video on,268–270, 396
Case formulationsfor ARMS patients,199, 200–201,
201, 203–204,
203for assessing delusions,154–156,
156, 183,
184, 186,
187, 189
case examplesJapanese patient,298–299
grandiose delusion,332,
333paranoid delusion,336,
338–
339trauma-focused formulation,314,
315in CBTp (f),332,
333, 336,
338–
339digital health tools for,364
for family engagement,374–375, 381–382
maintenance formulations,183–184,
184, 397
Schreber case reinterpretation,xiv, 215–216, 218–220,
219for thought disorder,282–283,
283videos on,158, 394
Catastrophic thinking,166–167
Catastrophization antidote,390–391
CBTp.
See Cognitive-behavioral therapy for psychosis (CBTp) framework
Certainty judgment,22–23
CFT (compassion-focused therapy),308, 317–320,
319Chair work, as trauma-focused intervention,318–319
Challenging thoughts,170–171
Change strategiesbehavioral experiments,188, 244, 334–335, 337, 382
coping skills,213–214, 231–232, 243–244, 298–299, 383
maintaining change,183–184,
184, 381–382, 397
metacognitive techniques,243–244, 383
role-play techniques,269–270, 284–285, 318–319
schema work,212, 247, 249, 260
videos on,188, 244, 247, 268–270, 395–397
Childhood trauma and sexual abuseabout,307–308, 312
ARMS patients with history of,196
as bizarre delusion pathway,245–248
Capras syndrome and,260–261, 262–264, 265, 269–270
as paranoia pathway,79, 81, 86, 308
personal reflections,47–55, 181
as psychosis pathway,61–62, 196, 307–308
Schreber case reinterpretation,209–210
as sexual aggression delusion pathway,228–232,
229Circumscribed delusion,179–180, 190, 267–268
Circumscribed paranoia,179–180, 190.
See also Paranoia and paranoid (persecutory) delusions
Circumstantial thinking,275
CLIMB (Creating Live Interactions to Mitigate Barriers),348
Clinical high risk,194.
See also At-risk mental state
Clinical linguistics,99–125
about and overview,xii
for assessing delusions,148–149, 154
background,99–100
best practices for communication,100–104
best practices for creating common language,105–106
best practices framework,106–108
key points,124
mindful language,xxvii–xxviii
questions for discussion,123–124
summary and considerations,122–123
tools,108–122
transitivity analysis,108–114,
111–
113, 127–133
vocabulary chain analysis,114–120,
116–
117, 135–139
vocabulary chain linguistic modality analysis (adverbs),120–122,
121, 141–142
CNP (cognitive neuropsychiatric)models,254–255, 259, 263, 264, 266–267, 268
Cognitive (direct) model of paranoia,83–84, 86
Cognitive-behavioral therapy for psychosis (CBTp) framework,179–192.
See also Collaboration and therapeutic relationship
about and overview,xiii–xv, xxix–xxxi, xxxii–xxxiii, 179–180
assessment,143–160.
See also Assessing delusions
case examplesacute paranoia,183–186,
184case formulation for Japanese patient,298–299
paranoia linked to bereavement,186–189,
187thought disorder,276–277
comparison with CBT for ARMS,198–199
conclusion,189–190
digital health technology and,348–349,
350–
355family skills training,371, 378–385
in forensic settings,329–337,
330–
333future directions for,xxxiv, 86
for Japanese patients,289–306
key points,191–192
linguistic best practices,99–100, 103–104, 108–122.
See also Clinical linguistics
measurement-based care integration with,348–349
medication augmentation,xxx
personal reflection,181,
182phases of,182–189,
184,
187questions for discussion,191
referrals for expert treatment,xxxi
for at-risk mental state,198–204,
201for Schreber case,211–222,
219for thought disorder,276–277
trauma-focused,229–231
videos on,183–184, 188, 393, 395, 397
Cognitive neuropsychiatric (CNP) models,254–255, 259, 263, 264, 266–267, 268
Cognitive restructuring, digital health tools for,364
Collaboration and therapeutic relationship,163–177
about and overview,xiii, xiv, xxx–xxxi
befriending,164–165, 172–173, 176, 212–213, 390
for bizarre delusions,242–243, 249
case example,169–173,
174collaborative empiricism,168–169, 382
collusion avoidance,169–170, 391–392
confrontation avoidance,170–171, 392
cultural considerations,174–175, 300–301
family and natural support coaching for,379–380
in forensic settings,331, 335
key points,175–176
mindful language for,xxvii–xxviii
normalizing,163, 165–167, 172, 390–391.
See also Normalizing
overview,163
personal reflection,167
process of,171–173,
174questions for discussion,175
in Schreber case,213–216
for thought disorder therapy,284, 285–286
videos on,164, 167, 170, 171, 173, 390–393
Collaborative empiricism,168–169, 382
Collusion,169–170, 391–392
Common humanity experience,310–311
Communication.
See Clinical linguistics
Communication, delusions of,8
Communication disorder,274.
See also Thought disorder
Compassionate self,317–320
Compassion-focused therapy (CFT),308, 317–320,
319Comprehensive Assessment of At-Risk Mental States (CAARMS),195–196
Conditioned neurosis,19
Confirmation bias,227
Conformism, in Japan,290–291
Confrontation as approach to avoid,170–171, 392
Conspiracy theoriesbelief systems and,24, 25–27
covariation bias and,199
personal reflections,181, 193–194
propagation of,30–33
Continuum concept of paranoid delusions,72–73
Control, delusions of,8–9, 148
Control of feelings with delusions,313–314
Conviction and insight, as assessment target,146, 152, 153–154,
154Cooperation interventions, for paranoia,74–75
Coping strategiesfor bizarre delusions,243–244, 395
for families and natural supports,383
within Japanese CBTp,298–299
in Schreber case,213–214
for sexual aggression delusions,231–232
videos on,395–396
Core beliefsassessing,147, 148, 152–153, 155
behavioral strategies in psychosis,331beliefs-delusions comparison,27
personality disorders and,330personal reflection,156–157
schema work for,212, 247
as unconscious object-related fantasies,260
Co-rehearsal of skills,371
Cotard delusion,253, 256
Covariation bias,199–200
COVID-19 pandemicbarriers to health care and,259
covariation bias and,199
paranoid delusions and,10
Creating Live Interactions to Mitigate Barriers (CLIMB),348
Creeds,18
Crisis plan creation,376
Critical period hypothesis,328–329
Cultural adaptation framework,63–64
Cultural contexts,57–68, 289–306
about and overview,xii, xiii
assessment considerations,148
beliefs-delusion comparison and,17–19, 27–33, 58–61
case examplesculturally adapted CBT,64–65
cultural trauma,61–63
delusion assessment,60–61
collaboration and considerations of,174–175
cultural prevalence and incidence of psychosis,58–59
cultural trauma and psychosis,61–63
culture shock,65
definition,57–58
delusion prevalence and incidence through lens of,58–59
family engagement and,61, 65, 175, 301–302
Japanese cultural considerations,289–306
key points,66
Latinx cultural considerations,359–365
paranoia and current events,180
psychotherapy adaptations for,58, 63–65
questions for discussion,65–66
recommendations for working through cultural lens,63–64
thought disorder and,279–280
Cultural Formulation Interview,175
“Culture of shame” of Japan,291
Culture shock,65
Curious questioningfor collaboration,168–169, 171–173, 175, 183
family coaching for,379–380, 385
for thought disorder therapy,282, 285, 286
videos on,183, 184, 393
Das Trema phase of delusions,13, 22, 72
Data-gathering bias,83–84, 227
Data protection, for digital health tools,356–358
Data Protection Regulation (European Union, 2018),357
Daydreams,266, 267
Deafness, paranoia and,80–81
Death anxiety,32
Decision-making (shared),375–376
Defeat states, delusions for management of,312–313
Defense model of paranoia,81–83
Deficit in belief evaluation,264
Deficit in belief re-evaluation,266–267
Definitive expressions, in Japanese culture,301
Déjà vécu (“already lived”),258–259
Déjà vu (“already seen”),258–259
Delirium,255–256
Delusional mood,195
Delusional parasitosis,9
Delusional perception,245
Delusionsabout and overview,xi–xvii, xxix–xxxiv
assessment of,xii–xiii, 143–160.
See also Assessing delusions
comorbid thought disorder,xv, 273–288.
See also Thought disorder
conceptualizing and defining,xi–xii, 3–36, 59–60, 99, 148.
See also Beliefs-delusions comparison
connecting with patients,xii, xxvii–xxviii, 99–125, 163–177.
See also Clinical linguistics; Collaboration and therapeutic relationship
culture’s role in shaping beliefs,xii, xiii, xv–xvi, 57–68, 289–306.
See also Cultural contexts
function of,311–314
future evolution,xxxiii–xxxiv
lived experience of,xii, xxix, 47–55
as oriented and mobilized threat system,311–312
psychosis risk,xiii–xiv, 193–206.
See also At-risk mental state
referrals for expert treatment,xxxi
reinterpretation of Schreber case,xiv, xxxii, 207–223.
See also Schreber case reinterpretation
in specific settings,xvi–xvii, xxxiii, 327–342, 343–368, 369–387.
See also Digital health tools; Family engagement; Forensic settings
trauma and,xvi, 307–323.
See also Childhood trauma and sexual abuse; Trauma; Trauma-focused interventions
treatment,xiii–xv, xxix–xxxi, 163–177, 179–192.
See also Cognitive-behavioral therapy for psychosis (CBTp) framework; Collaboration and therapeutic relationship
types of,xiii, xiv–xv, 8–9, 148.
See also specific delusionsuniqueness of,27–33
Delusions of communication,8
Delusions of control (passivity phenomena),8–9, 148
Delusions of misidentification (DMI),253–272
background,253–254
case examplesanimal intermetamorphosis,262–264, 265
Capgras delusion,268–270
key points,270–271
ordinary mental life comparison,261–270
phenomenology of,255–261
prevalence,254
questions for discussions,270
types of,253
video on,268–270, 396
Delusions of observation,8
Delusions of reference,8, 9, 148
Delusions of subjective doubles,253, 256–257
Dementia praecox,70
Depersonalization,81, 258
Depressionassessing through cultural lens,61, 64, 65
comorbidity of psychosis,82, 144, 154, 196
as negative beliefs about everything,26
prevalence in urban environments,78
as at-risk mental state,196
Schreber case and,210, 211
Derailment,275
Derealization,81, 258
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (APA)DSM-III,3–4, 71
DSM-IV,3–4
DSM-5,149, 273
DSM-5-TR,3, 7, 8, 60, 71, 148
Dictator game,75
Digital health tools,343–368
about and overview,xvi–xvii, xxxiii–xxxiv, 343–344
best practices guidelines,349
case example,362–365
conclusion,365
cost and access considerations,349, 356
cultural considerations,358–361, 362–365
ease of use and user experience,356
ethical considerations,356–358
future evolution of,xxxiv
key points,366
linguistic considerations,359–360, 362–365
measurement-based care and,346–349,
350–
355personal reflection,361–362
questions for discussion,365–366
status quo of,345–346
Digital phenotyping,357
Diminished ipseity,267
Direct (cognitive) model of paranoia,83–84, 86
Disconfirmatory information bias,83, 84, 227
Discourse analysis.
See Clinical linguistics
Disordered or disorganized speech,273.
See also Thought disorder
Dissociative experiences,81
Dissociative processes,311
Distraction techniques,383
DMI.
See Delusions of misidentification
Downward arrow technique,27, 109–110, 152–153, 247–248, 393
Dreams, for emotional processing,314–316
DSM.
See Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
Dunning-Kruger effect,23
Echolalia,275
EMDR (eye movement desensitization and reprocessing),200
Emotional crisis, function of delusions during,312–314
Emotional processingas assessment target,146for bizarre delusions,246, 249
dreams for,314–316
Empathy, family and natural support coaching for,379
End user license agreement (EULA),356–358
Erotomania,225–228
Ethical communication,xii, xxvii–xxviii.
See also Clinical linguistics
Ethics of digital tool use,356–358
Ethnic Minority Psychiatric Illness Rates Community (EMPIRIC) study,58–59
EULA (end user license agreement),356–358
“Evaluating thoughts” worksheet,293–295,
294–
295Existential crisis,313–314
Exposure reprocessing,229
Exposure therapy, for ARMS patients,204
Externalizing bias,260
Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR),200
Familiarity of being disturbances,258–259
Familismo,360
Family engagement,369–387
about and overview,xvii, xxxiii, 369–371
assessing automatic thoughts and behaviors,374–375,
375barriers to,371–372
case examplesco-rehearsal of skills,371
core therapeutic interventions,384–385
digital health technology use,362–365
shared decision-making,376
cognitive-behavioral skills coaching,378–385
for cultural context,61, 65, 175, 301–302
definition,370
informed consent for,374
motivational interviewing techniques,376
pillars of support for,377–378
psychoeducation for,370–372, 376–377
shared decision-making,375–376
techniques,371, 373–385
for thought disorder therapy,280, 282
Fear, lived experience of,51–55
Feeling Safe Programme trial, xxxivFight-or-flight mode,312–313
Figurative truth, of delusions,267
FIRST skills training,378–385
Flight of ideas,275
Focusing techniques,383
Forensic settings,327–342
about and overview,xvi, 328–329
case examplesgrandiose delusion,330–335,
332paranoid delusion,335–337,
338–
339CBTp (f) program,329–337,
330–
333discussion,337, 340
key points,340–341
personal reflection,327–328
questions for discussion,340
Formal thought disorder,273, 275.
See also Thought disorder
Fregoli delusion,253, 256, 259, 260
Freud, Sigmund,70, 207–208.
See also Schreber case reinterpretation
Functional assessments,151–152, 154,
154GameChange, xxxivGame-style cognitive training software, xxxiv,345–346.
See also Digital health tools
Genetics of paranoia,77–79
Goalsas assessment target,145bizarre delusions and,247, 249
shared goal-setting for families,379
shared goal-setting when collaborating,168, 172–173
for thought disorder therapy,281, 286
Grandiose delusion.
See Bizarre and grandiose delusions
Grief case example,186–189,
187Grounding techniques, for sexual aggression delusions,231–232
Group-oriented self (Japanese concept),291
Hallucinations, delusions of control and,9
Haunted by jinns case example,201–204,
203Helplessness, vocabulary chain analysis of,114
“Her upstairs,”268–270, 396
Hilbert problem,5
History collection, for assessing delusions,149
Homework assignments, for reality testing,184–185, 188
Horyzons,348
Hunt, Shaun,xxix, 47–55
Hyperreflexive self-awareness,267–268
ICD-11, on definition of delusions,4
Ideal self,82
Ideas of reference,227
Identity integration,81
Idiosyncratic formulation,182Individual-oriented self (European concept),291
Inductive questioning,245
Informed consent, for family engagement,374
Inner lists,19–21
Insanity defense (legal),10–12
Insecure attachment styles,84–85
Insomnia,81
Intermetamorphosis,253, 256, 262–264, 265
International Classification of Diseases-11,4
Interpersonal trauma, as psychosis pathway,308.
See also Trauma-focused interventions
Jamais vécu (persistent jamais vu),258–259, 266
Jamais vu (“never seen”),258–259
Japanese patients,289–306
case examples,292–299,
293–
295,
297correlations,290–291
cultural considerations,291–299,
292discussion,299–302
key points,304
overview,289–290
personal reflection,302–303
questions for discussion,303
Jinns (case example),201–204,
203Jumping to conclusion bias,83–84, 227
Just world,7, 27
Just World Scale,7
Knight’s move thinking,275
Late-onset deafness,80–81
Latinx patientscase examplescore therapeutic interventions,384–385
digital health technology use,362–365
special considerations for treatment of,359–360
Legal issuescourt cases,10–12
for digital health tool use,356–358
informed consent for family engagement,374
Life chart,292–293,
293Life Events Checklist for DSM-5,149
Linguistic techniques.
See Clinical linguistics
Lived experience of strongly held beliefs,47–55
Loosening of associations,275
Mackay, Charles,5–6
Madness of the crowds.
See Beliefs-delusions comparison
“Mafia man” case,240
Maher, Brendan A.,80, 83
Maintenance case formulation,183–184,
184, 381–382, 397
Master interpretive systems,24
Meaning-making, as delusion function,313–314
Measurement-based care (MBC),346–349,
350–
355Medication augmentation,xxx
Medication management, by families,371, 373
Memoirs of Extraordinary Popular Delusions and the Madness of Crowds (Mackay),5–6
Mental Health Act (U.K.),52, 391
Mental health advance directive,376
Metacognitive techniques,243–244, 383, 397
Metamorphosis.
See Intermetamorphosis
Metaphors,231, 266–267, 314–316
Method of levels therapy,247
Mindfulness strategies,150, 232, 269, 318–320,
319, 383
Mirrored-self misidentification,253
Misidentification.
See Delusions of misidentification
Mistrust, paranoia and,76
M’Naghten rule,11
Momentum (social media-style networking intervention),348
Mood disorders, preceding psychosis,196
Morrison model,181,
182, 394
Mortality anxiety,32
Motivational interviewing,376
Multiple selves,316–320
National delusions,6–7
Natural supportsabout,369–371
assessing automatic thoughts and behaviors,374–375,
375case examplesco-rehearsal of skills,371
core therapeutic interventions,384–385
digital health technology use,362–365
shared decision-making,376
cognitive-behavioral skills coaching,378–385
engagement barriers,371–372
engagement techniques,371, 373–385
informed consent for,374
pillars of support for,377–378
psychoeducation for,370–372, 376–377
shared decision-making,375–376
Nazi ideology,6, 23–24, 26, 30, 32
“Never seen” (jamais vu),258–259
Normalizingabout,163, 165–167
for ARMS patients,195, 198–199
befriending and,176
digital health tools for facilitation of,355examples of,172, 176, 182, 186, 213, 234
family engagement and,374, 377, 378–379, 384–385
psychoeducation and,311, 374
video on,167, 390–391
in vocabulary chains,117, 118
Object relations theory,259–261, 264
Observation, delusions of,8
One-factor model of delusion,254
One Mind PsyberGuide,349
Overinclusiveness in thinking,274–275.
See also Thought disorder
Overnight therapy,315–316
Overvalued ideas,201–202
Paranoia and paranoid (persecutory) delusions,69–97
analytic thinking and,33
avoiding terminology during assessment such as,149
background,69
beliefs associated with,24, 26
biological etiology,180
case examplesCBTp in forensic setting,335–337,
338–
339CBTp in hospital setting,183–186,
187CBTp in office setting,186–189,
187, 276–277
conceptual history,69–74
conclusion,85–86
contextual influences on,9–10
continuum of,71–73, 86
culture and,180
definition,7–8, 148, 179–180
direct (cognitive) model of,83–84, 86
evolution of,34–35
future directions for treatment,86
genetic and social determinants of,77–79, 86
key points,87
lived experience of,47–55
manifestations of,73–74
psychological models of,79–85, 86
questions for discussion,87
sleep deprivation and,81
social isolation hypothesis,34–35
as social phenomenon,74–77
trauma-induced,308
universality of,9
Paranoid personality disorder,72
Paranormal beliefs,24
Parts of self,316–320
Passivity phenomena (delusions of control),8–9, 148
Pavlovian conditioning,19
Peculiar follies,6
Peripheral questioning,184, 242–243, 249
Persecutory delusions.
See Paranoia and paranoid (persecutory) delusions
Perseverative speech,275
Persistent jamais vu (jamais vécu),258–259, 266
Personalismo,360, 363
Personality disorders,196,
330Phenotyping (digital),357
Philosophical delusions,6
Physical effects, as assessment target,146Political beliefs,24–26, 27, 30–32
Polygamy,28
Poor-me vs. bad-me paranoia,83–84
Pornography,233–234
Positive imagery, for sexual aggression delusions,232
Positive symptoms, cognitive model of,332Posttraumatic stress disorder.
See PTSD
Poverty of content,275
Poverty of speech,275
Predicate logic,267
Preoccupation, as assessment target,146Pressured speech,275
Prevention through Risk Identification Management Education (PRIME),348
Primal beliefs,27
Prisoner’s dilemma,74–75
Privacy, digital health technology considerations for,356–358
Private self,300
Privileged hypothesis,265–266
Prodromal Questionnaire self-screen,196
Projection,260
Psychoanalytic object relations theory,259–261, 264
Psychoeducationfor ARMS patients,198–199
case example,309–310
de-shaming and empowerment through,308–311, 374
on digital health technology use,363–365
evolution-informed,308, 310, 311–314
for families,370–372, 376–377
for sexual aggression delusions,234–235
trauma-focused,308–311
Psychosis.
See also Cognitive-behavioral therapy for psychosis (CBTp) framework; Schizophrenia
behavioral strategies for,331cultural prevalence and incidence of,58–59
cultural trauma and,61–63
definition,57
developmental risk with delusions,xiii–xiv, 193–206
mindful language use and,149
Psychosis Recovery by Enabling Adult Carers at Home (Psychosis REACH),378
Psychotherapy.
See Clinical linguistics; Cognitive-behavioral therapy for psychosis (CBTp) framework; Collaboration and therapeutic relationship; Cultural contexts
Psychotic-like experiences,194–195
PTSD (posttraumatic stress disorder)case example,199–201
comorbidity of psychosis,144
preceding psychosis,196
as at-risk mental state,196, 198
sexual aggression delusions and,228–229,
229Public self,300
Questioning styles.
See Curious questioning; Peripheral questioning; Socratic questioning
Racial trauma,62, 78–79, 165
Reality testing,184–185, 188, 266
Reasoning biases,83–84, 86
Recovery model,144, 374
Recovery-oriented psychoeducation,376–377
Reduplicative paramnesia,253
Reference, delusions of,8, 9, 148
Referential ideas,195
Referrals for expert treatment,xxxi
Rejection of disconfirmatory evidence bias,227
Religious beliefs and delusions.
See also Schreber case reinterpretation
belief systems and,23–24
biological explanations of,14–15
conversions,14–15
difficult cases of,10–12
historical contexts,18–19
prevalence of,9
social, cultural, and political influences,9–10, 64–65, 148, 201–204,
203uniqueness of delusions,28–29, 30, 32
Reorientation,248
Respectin Japanese culture,300–301
in Latinx communities,360
Respeto,360
Reverse Fregoli delusions,257
Reverse subjective doubles,257
Right-left dimension,24, 25–26
Risk profile,194–195.
See also At-risk mental state
Risk reevaluation, in CBTp (f),335, 337
Role-play techniquesfor thought disorder therapy,284–285
as trauma-focused intervention,318–319
video on,268–270, 396
Root beliefs,27.
See also Core beliefs
Saul of Tarsus,14–15
Scaffolding,214–215, 243–244
Schema work,212, 247, 249, 260, 396
Schizoaffective psychosis,255
Schizophreniaclinical linguistics and,106, 123
cultural contexts and,57–59, 290–291, 292–293
delusions and diagnosis of,8–9, 48–54, 60–61, 69, 255–258, 268–270
etiology,370
family interventions,370
heritability of,77
historical context,70–71
paranoia and,71, 72
personal reflection,101–103
psychoeducation on,309–310
thought disorder and,273, 274
treatment,370
Schreber case reinterpretation,207–223
about and overview,xiv, xxxii, 70, 207–209
biography of Schreber,209–211
discussion,70, 220–221
key points,222
personal reflection,221
process of retrospective CBT,211–212
questions for discussion,222
stages of hypothetical CBT,212–220,
219Seishin-bun-retsu-byo (schizophrenia or split-mind disease),290
Self, in Japanese culture,300
Self-beliefs, linguistic techniques for analysis of,113–114
Self-representation splits,260
Self-serving biases,81–82, 84–85
Sexual abuse.
See also Childhood trauma and sexual abuse
about,308, 312
as psychosis pathway,61–62, 308
sexual aggression delusions and,228–232,
229Sexual aggression delusionscase examplesabuse of others,233–235
sexual trauma experience,230, 231–232
conclusion,235
key points,235–236
overview,228–235,
229questions for discussion,235
wrongfully believing one is the aggressor,232–235
Sexuality,232–233
Shame,375
Shared decision-making,375–376
SIPS (Structured Interview for Psychosis-Risk Syndromes),196
Sitting on the collaborative fence,169, 171–173
Skills coaching,381–383
Sleep deprivation,81
Slow thinking,32–33
Smartphones,345.
See also Digital health tools
Social determinants of paranoia,77–79
Social isolation,34–35, 277, 385
Social mechanisms, as psychosis pathway,308
Social media-style platforms,345, 348,
355.
See also Digital health tools
Social reasoning biases,81–82
Social rejection, assessment of,154, 156,
156Social skills training,197
Socratic questioning,184, 186–188, 282, 286, 393, 395
Stigma of mental disorders,61, 290, 360
Strategies, delusions as,311–314,
315Stress.
See Anxiety
Structured Interview for Psychosis-Risk Syndromes (SIPS),196
Subclinical psychotic symptoms,194–195
Subjective doubles, delusions of,253, 256–257
Supernatural beliefs,24
Surface beliefs,27
Tactical withdrawal,165
Taijin kyofusho (interpersonal fear disorder),291
Tangential thinking,275
TCO (threat-control override),328
Telehealth,360–361, 363–365
Temporal lobe epilepsy,259
Terror management theory,32
Text messaging,346.
See also Digital health tools
Theory of mind processing,197
Therapeutic relationship.
See Collaboration and therapeutic relationship
Thought blocking,275, 278
Thought broadcasting,199–201
Thought disorder,273–288
addressing,280–281
assessing,281–282
background,99–100, 273–274
case examples,276–277, 280, 283,
283, 285–286
case formulations,282–283,
283conclusion,286–287
cultural issues and,279–280
detection of,275–277
goal-setting for,281, 286
interventions for,283–286
key features of,274–275
key points,287
personal reflection,278–279
prognosis,279
psychological and social causes of,277–278
questions for discussion,287
Threat-control override (TCO),328
Threat system, delusions as,311–312
“Through a glass, darkly,”327–328
Timeline reviewfor bizarre delusions,245–246
as Capgras intervention,269
in CBTp (f),331, 336
cultural issues and,292–293,
293for Schreber case,215–216
for thought disorder therapy,284, 286
video on,394
Tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon,22
Togo-shiccho-sho (integration disorder),290
Transference, in ordinary mental life,260–261
Transitivity analysis,108–114,
111–
113, 127–133
Traumain childhood.
See Childhood trauma and sexual abuse
cultural,61–63
racial trauma,62, 78–79, 165
Trauma-focused interventions,307–323
about and overview,xvi, 307–308
case examplescase formulation,314,
315intervention steps,316–320,
319psychoeducation,309–310
CBTp,229–231
conclusion,320
delusions as strategies,311–314,
315key points,321–322
personal reflection,314–316
psychoeducation,308–311
questions for discussion,320–321
therapeutic opportunities,316–320,
319Trema experience,13, 22, 72
Triggers, assessment of,151
Trust,75–77
Turning back (anastrophe) phase of delusions,13, 72
U.K. Mental Health Act,52, 391
Ultra high risk,194.
See also At-risk mental state
Uniqueness disturbances,258–259
Unlovability, vocabulary chain analysis of,114
Urban environments, paranoia and role of,78
Verbal communication.
See Clinical linguistics
Verbal reattributions, in CBTp (f),332–334, 337
Video game-style cognitive training software,345–346.
See also Digital health tools
Videosabout and guide to,xvii, xix–xx, 389–390
Befriending,164, 390
Behavioral experiment,188, 395
Capgras delusion (role-play),268–270, 396
Collusion as an approach to avoid,170, 391–392
Confrontation as an approach to avoid,171, 392
Coping,244, 395–396
Downward arrow,247–248, 393
Formulation,158, 394
Maintaining change,183, 397
Metacognitive techniques,244, 297
Normalizing,167, 390–391
Schema intervention,247–248, 396
Sitting on the collaborative fence,173, 392–393
Socratic questioning,184, 393, 395
Timeline review,394
Vigilance-avoidance pattern,308
Violence, delusions and,328–329
Virtual reality (VR) technology,345–346.
See also Digital health tools
Vocabulary chain analysisabout,114–120,
116–
117, 135–139
of adverbs,120–122,
121, 141–142
Wellness planning,183,
184.
See also Case formulations
World Congress of Behavioral and Cognitive Therapy,290
Worry time,383
Worthlessness, vocabulary chain analysis of,114
Written communication,275
