Index

Absorption, and pharmacokinetics,

442, 449

Academic functioning

. See Education; School(s)

Acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT),

286

Accommodative coping,

25

Acetaminophen,

286, 290

Acute-onset illness,

412

Acute pain,

266. See also Pain

Acute respiratory distress syndrome,

224

Acute stress disorder

anxiety symptoms and,

209

definition of,

213

differential diagnosis of depression and,

173, 185

DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for,

214–216

Adaptation, preparation for procedures and assessment of,

492–493

Adherence, to treatment

assessment of,

379, 380–382

consequences of nonadherence,

372–373

developmental influences on,

375–378

interventions for,

379, 383–385

pretransplant psychiatric assessment and,

327, 331

psychiatric factors in,

378–379

rates of,

371–372

risk factors for nonadherence,

373–375

Adjustment

cancer patients and psychosocial,

356–357

of family to chronic illness in child,

31–32, 416–19, 420–422

organ transplantation and,

336–337, 341–343

preparation for procedures and correlates of,

492

Adjustment disorder,

213, 219

Adjustment disorder with depressed mood,

173, 184

Adolescents

concepts of physical illness in,

401–402

consent for treatment of as mature minors,

77–78

correlates of adjustment to physical illness,

27

developmental factors in pain,

269–270

developmental understanding of death,

364, 365

family life cycle and,

415

informed consent and,

74–75

prevalence of depression in,

165

release of information and confidentiality,

83–84

transition to adult health care by,

13

treatment adherence and,

373, 375–378

Adulthood, and correlates of adjustment to physical illness,

27–28

Advocacy, and advocacy groups

false allegations of factitious disorder imposed on another and,

318

role of consultant and,

12–13

Affective lability, and delirium,

101

Age

. See also Adolescents; Adulthood; Preschool children; School-age children

appropriateness of manifestations of grief and,

367

of consent for sexual activity,

85

Agitation

catatonia and,

155

selection of medications for,

458–459, 460–469, 470–471

target symptom approach to psychopharmacology for,

443

treatment of as emergency,

76, 77

AIE

. See Autoimmune encephalitis

Albumin binding, and pharmacokinetics,

442, 444

Alcohol use

. See also Substance-related disorders

delirium and withdrawal from,

122

pretransplant psychiatric assessment and,

332

Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT),

117

Alexithymia,

170, 235

Allergic symptoms, and factitious disorder imposed on another,

309

Alternate nostril breathing, and preparation for procedures,

499–500

Amantadine, and neuroleptic malignant syndrome,

142

American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry (AACAP),

xii, xiii, 5, 45, 48–52, 114, 255

American Academy of Pediatrics,

75

American Board of Medical Specialties,

361

American Board of Psychiatry and Neurology (ABPN),

xii, 4

American Psychiatric Association,

136

American Psychological Association,

xii

Amitriptyline

for depression and anxiety,

475

insomnia and,

482

pain and,

287, 294

Amnesia, and delirium,

99

Amphetamines,

448, 457. See also Stimulants

Analgesic medications, and delirium,

103

Anesthesia, and preparation for procedures,

497. See also Hypnoanesthesia

Anger, and developmental concepts of illness,

402–403

Antacids,

448

Anterograde amnesia, and benzodiazepines,

300

Anticholinergic medications

delirium and,

103

gastrointestinal disease and,

449

Anticholinergic syndrome, symptoms of,

141

Anticipatory bereavement,

403–404, 425

Anticoagulant medications,

453, 455

Anticonvulsants, and pain management,

287, 295, 296–298

Antidepressants

. See also Tricyclic antidepressants

anxiety and,

471, 477, 473–474

depression and,

478

fatigue and,

480

hepatic disease and,

450

pain management and,

287, 291, 294

renal disease and,

454

respiratory disease and,

458

serotonin syndrome and,

146

Antiemetics, and serotonin syndrome,

146

Antiepileptics, and serotonin syndrome,

146

Anti–glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD)–associated encephalitis,

152, 153

Antihistamines, and agitation,

471. See also Diphenhydramine

Antihypertensives, and pain management,

288

Antimicrobials

pediatric acute-onset neuropsychiatric syndrome and,

159

serotonin syndrome and,

146

Anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis,

137, 148, 150–151, 152

Antipsychotics

. See also Haloperidol; Olanzapine; Risperidone

for agitation, aggression, irritability, or psychosis,

459, 460–466, 470

autoimmune encephalitis and,

154

cardiac disease and,

455, 456, 457

catatonia and,

136–137

delirium and,

114, 115

hepatic disease and,

450

neuroleptic malignant syndrome and,

137, 142–143

pain management and,

288–289, 300

renal disease and,

454

respiratory disease and,

458

Antisocial personality disorder,

309

Anxiety, symptoms of

. See also Anxiety disorders

assessment of,

226, 228

cognitive-behavioral therapy and,

394

co-occurrence of with depression in physically ill,

171

correlates of adjustment to physical illness and,

24, 29–30, 31

definition of,

205

developmental concepts of illness and,

402

direct physiological effects and,

220–226

factitious disorder imposed on another and,

311

hypnosis and preparation for procedures,

509

pain and relationship to,

277

physical illness and risk of,

206

physical signs of autonomic activity and psychological symptoms of,

208–209

as psychological reaction to stress of illness,

208–210, 211–212, 212–213, 219–220

selection of medications for,

471, 472–476, 477

specific physical conditions and,

221–226

target symptom approach to psychopharmacology for,

443

treatment of,

226–227, 229

Anxiety disorder(s)

. See also Anxiety; Generalized anxiety disorder; Illness anxiety disorder; Separation anxiety disorder; Social anxiety disorder; Substance/medication-induced anxiety disorder

antidepressants for,

471

differential diagnosis of,

207

etiology of,

206

prevalence of,

206

primary types of in physically ill children,

208

Anxiety disorder due to another medical condition,

220, 221

Anxiolytic agents

. See also Benzodiazepines

cardiac disease and,

456

for depression and anxiety,

475–476

hepatic disease and,

451

pain management and,

288, 300

renal disease and,

454

respiratory disease and,

458

Apnea, and factitious disorder imposed on another,

307, 308

Approach-oriented coping,

25

Aripiprazole,

460, 470

Art, and psychotherapy,

398

Asenapine,

465

Ask Suicide-Screening Questions (ASQ),

197

Assent, and involvement of minors in treatment decisions,

75

Assessment

. See also Diagnosis; Differential diagnosis; Standardized instruments

of anxiety,

226, 228

of autoimmune encephalitis,

148

biopsychosocial formulation and,

58–60

of catatonia,

136

communication of findings from,

60, 62–63, 66–67

critical steps in,

36

of delirium,

105–112

of depression,

195, 197, 198, 200–201

development of diagnosis and,

58

of factitious disorder imposed on another,

312–317

of family,

431–433

goals of,

35

of hypnotic responsivity,

506

initial meeting with parents or caretakers and,

39–40

interview with patient and,

40–45

multiple sources of information for,

37–38

of neuroleptic malignant syndrome,

139

observation of behavior and play,

56–58

organ transplantation and,

325–333, 334

of pain,

272, 273–275, 275–278, 279

of parenting capacity and medical neglect,

87–90

of pediatric acute-onset neuropsychiatric syndrome,

157–158

preparation for procedures and,

492–493

recommended questions for,

68–71

responsive intake system and,

36–37

role of consultant and,

5, 9, 11–14, 37

screening instruments and,

38

of serotonin syndrome,

145

of somatic symptom and related disorders,

247–249, 250–252

standardized principles for,

45, 47, 48–52

of treatment adherence,

379, 380–382

Associative logic,

26

Asthma,

224

Atomoxetine,

451

Attachment disorders, and factitious disorder imposed on another,

310

Attending physician,

6

Attention

delirium and,

97, 99

distraction techniques and preparation for procedures,

498

Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD),

451, 483

Autism spectrum disorder,

130, 459

Autoimmune disorders,

131, 158

Autoimmune encephalitis (AIE)

assessment of,

148

clinical presentation of,

148

definition of,

147–148

differential diagnosis of,

148, 150–154, 158

treatment of,

154–155

Avoidance-oriented coping,

25

Azathioprine,

340

Behavior

. See also Agitation; Behavioral interventions

assessment and observation of,

56–58

autoimmune encephalitis and,

151

concepts of illness and oppositional,

403

depressive symptoms as regression in,

184

grief and changes in,

367

illness-maintaining and patterns of,

425

of parents in factitious disorder imposed on another,

310–311

Behavioral interventions

. See also Cognitive-behavioral therapy

for acute distress and anxiety in physical illness,

29

for anxiety symptoms,

227–229

for management of pain,

280, 281–285

role of consultant and hospitalbased,

12

for somatic symptoms and related disorders,

257–258

for treatment adherence,

384, 385

Belief system, of family,

419. See also Religion

Benzodiazepines

agitation and,

155, 459, 470

anxiety and,

226–227, 477

catatonia and,

136, 155

delirium and,

103, 114, 116, 122

hepatic disease and,

451

insomnia and,

481

neuroleptic malignant syndrome and,

142

pain management and,

300

renal disease and,

454

respiratory disease and,

457

serotonin syndrome and,

145

Bereavement

. See also Grief

adjustment disorder with depressed mood and,

184–185

death of child and anticipatory,

403–404, 425

primary depressive disorder compared with,

186

psychotherapy and,

399–400, 402–404

Bereavement rooms, in hospitals,

363

Best-interest standard, for guardian decision making,

74

Bilirubin, and psychotropic medications,

448–449

Billing, and intake process,

36–37. See also Financial issues

Biofeedback

pain management and,

282

preparation for procedures and,

499

Biopsychosocial formulation

assessment and development of,

58–60, 66–67

of factitious disorder imposed on another,

316, 317

of somatic symptom and related disorders,

256

Bipolar disorders

. See also Mania; Substance/medication-induced bipolar and related disorder

differential diagnosis of depressive symptoms and,

173, 174, 183–185

DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for,

179–183, 191–192

Body image, and chronic physical illness,

330

Boston Children’s Hospital’s Transplant Experience Journal,

333

Bouncing ball technique, and hypnosis,

508

Boundary regulation, and family structure,

420

Brain tumors,

349. See also Cancer; Tumors

Breathing exercises, and preparation for procedures,

499–500

Brief supportive therapy,

399

Bromocriptine, and neuroleptic malignant syndrome,

142

Bullying, and psychogenic nonepileptic seizures,

235

Buprenorphine, and delirium,

122

Bupropion,

450, 473, 478, 480

Bush-Francis Catatonia Rating Scale,

130

Buspirone,

457, 477

Calcineurin inhibitors,

338

California Encephalitis Project,

154

Cancer

. See also Five Ds; Psychosocial Standards of Care Project for Childhood Cancer; Tumors

anxiety symptoms and,

221–223

family tasks associated with,

358

fatigue and,

479

pain and,

268

palliative care for,

361–368

physical sequelae of,

349, 355

psychosocial impact of,

347–349

risk of suicide and,

172

stem cell transplantation and,

359–360

survival rates,

347, 348, 359

types of childhood,

348

Cannabis-based medicines (CBMs),

301

Capsaicin,

300

Carbamazepine

drug-drug interactions and,

447

hepatic disease and,

451

for pain,

287, 296

Cardiac disorders

anxiety symptoms and,

222, 223

direct effects of on brain,

28

pretransplant psychiatric assessment and,

330

psychopharmacology and,

453, 455, 456–457, 457

Cardiovascular complications, and organ transplantation,

337

Case manager, role of in pediatric hospital setting,

7

Catatonia

agitation and,

155

assessment of,

130

clinical presentation of,

128

delirium and,

103–104

differential diagnosis of,

129–130, 131–132

epidemiology of,

128

high rates of mortality from,

127

neuroleptic malignant syndrome and,

131–132, 138

pathophysiology of,

128–129

risk of autoimmune encephalitis in patients with,

155

treatment of,

130, 136–137

Categorical approach, to physical illness,

22–23

Causal comorbidity,

9, 10, 11

Central nervous system disorders

catatonia and,

131

depressive disorders and,

190

Centripetal and centrifugal forces, and family life cycle,

416

Cerebrovascular conditions, and catatonia,

131

Challenge items, and hypnosis,

504

Chaplain, role of in pediatric hospital setting,

8

Chemotherapy, adverse effects of,

355, 360

Child abuse

. See also Medical neglect

factitious disorder imposed on another as variant of,

306, 318

mandated reporting of,

85, 318

parental access to information and,

83

treatment adherence and patient history of,

373

treatment of child without parental consent and,

76, 79

Child life programs, and preparation for procedures,

492–493

Child life specialist, role of in pediatric hospital setting,

8

Child protective service (CPS) agencies

factitious disorder imposed on another and,

313, 314, 316, 317, 318

medical neglect and,

88

sources of information for assessment and,

38

transfer of custody and termination of parental rights,

89–90

Children

. See Adolescents; Child abuse; Development; Patient(s); Preschool children; School-age children

Children’s Depression Inventory, 2nd Edition (CDI-2),

195

Children’s Global Assessment Scale,

16

Children’s Hypnotic Susceptibility Scale,

506

Children’s Oncology Group,

347

Children’s Psychosomatic Checklist,

249

Children’s Somatization Inventory,

249

Chlordiazepoxide,

122, 454

Chlorpromazine,

288, 300

Chronic-onset illness,

412

Chronic pain,

266. See also Pain

Citalopram,

456, 472

Classification framework, and role of consultant in pediatric setting,

9, 10, 11

Clinical consultation services, and practice patterns in pediatric CLP programs,

15–16

Clinical Institute Withdrawal Assessment for Alcohol, Revised (CIWA-Ar),

118–119, 122

Clinical Manual of Pediatric Psychosomatic Medicine (Shaw and DeMaso 2006),

xiii

Clinical Opiate Withdrawal Scale (COWS),

120–121, 122

Clonazepam,

476

Clonidine,

483

Cloud-gazing technique, and hypnosis,

507

Clozapine,

456

CLP

. See Pediatric consultation-liaison psychiatry

Codeine,

286, 291, 301

Cognition, and cognitive impairment

. See also Memory

cancer and,

355–356

common distortions of in patients with physical illness,

395

delirium and,

99–100

organ transplantation and,

343

pain and theories of,

268–270

treatment adherence by adolescents and,

377

Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT)

for anxiety symptoms,

226, 227

for depression in hospital,

198

goals of in pediatric setting,

394, 395

for pain management,

283–284

for somatic symptom and related disorders,

258

Cognitive depression,

170

Coincidental comorbidity,

9, 10, 28

Collaborative care models, for pediatric CLP,

4–5

Collaborative partnership, of family with pediatric team,

429

Collateral contacts, and practice patterns in pediatric CLP,

16

Co-located care, and models of collaborative care,

4

Coma, and anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis,

152

Comfort

palliative care for cancer and,

361

preparation for procedures and,

492

Communication

. See also Language

of consultant with family on assessment,

60, 62–63, 66–67

of family with pediatric team,

430–431

family structure and problems with,

422

Comorbidity

. See also Psychiatric disorders

illness anxiety disorder and,

247

pain and,

277

pretransplant psychiatric assessment and,

330

of psychiatric syndromes related to physical illness,

9, 10

unrelated psychiatric and physical illnesses occurring together,

28

Complete-a-Sentence Exercise,

45

Complex regional pain syndrome,

267

Concrete operations

. See School-age children

Concussion, and anxiety symptoms,

225

Confidentiality

factitious disorder imposed on another and,

316

as legal issue,

82–86

Conflict, treatment adherence and parent-child,

378–379

Congestive heart failure,

453

Consent, for pediatric medical treatment,

73–82, 317. See also Informed consent

Constrained parental autonomy,

74

Consultation-liaison psychiatry, as subspecialty,

4. See also Pediatric consultation-liaison psychiatry

Continuum, depression as,

166

Contraception, and consent for treatment,

78

Conversion disorder,

240–241, 242–244, 246

Coordinated care, and models of collaborative care,

4

Coping Cat program,

227

Coping, and coping methods

assessment of,

55, 71, 492

coping skills training as intervention and,

394, 496–500, 502

family adjustment to chronic illness and,

419, 423, 424, 425

parenting capacity and,

88

physical illness and style of,

23, 24, 25–26

preparation for procedures and,

492–493

somatization and,

235–236

Cornell Assessment of Pediatric Delirium (CAPD),

107, 110, 112

Corticosteroids

. See also Steroids

changes in physical appearance and,

378

dose-related impact of on mood lability and depression,

342

organ transplantation and,

336, 338, 378

Countertransference

. See also Therapeutic relationship

psychotherapy and,

405–407

somatic symptom and related disorders and,

252

CRAFFT Screening Questionnaire,

117

Cranial radiation, and cancer,

355

Culture

expression of pain and,

275

somatic symptom and related disorders and,

237

Custody, of child

confidentiality and disputes about,

86

termination of parental rights and transfer of,

89–90

Cyclosporine,

338–339, 453

Cyclothymic disorder,

173

Cyproheptadine, and serotonin syndrome,

145

Cystic fibrosis,

224

Cytochrome P450 system, and drugdrug interactions,

446, 447

DailyMed,

484

Dantrolene, and neuroleptic malignant syndrome,

142

Day treatment, for somatic symptom and related disorders,

258

Death

. See also Mortality; Palliative care; Suicide

anticipatory bereavement and,

403–404, 425

cancer and leading causes of,

347

developmental understanding of,

363–364, 365

psychological sources of anxiety associated with physical illness,

212

Deferential partnership, of family with pediatric team,

429

D-E-F Protocol,

213

Delirium

assessment of,

105–112

cancer and,

349

clinical characteristics of,

97–101

definition of,

95

diagnostic criteria for,

95–97

differential diagnosis of,

103–105

epidemiology of,

102

management of,

113–122

organ transplantation and,

334, 336

pathophysiology of,

102–103

target symptom approach to pharmacology for,

443

use of terms for,

97

Delusions, and factitious disorder imposed on another,

311

Denial, and grieving process,

400, 402

Depression

. See also Depressive disorder due to another medical condition; Major depressive disorder; Major depressive episode; Persistent depressive disorder; Primary depressive disorder; Substance/medication-induced depressive disorder

assessment of,

195, 197, 198, 200–201

cognitive-behavioral therapy for inflammatory bowel disease comorbid with,

394

as continuum,

166

developmental concepts of illness and,

403

differential diagnosis of,

172, 173, 174, 178–179, 183–184, 187, 190–192, 194–195, 199

functional impairment and,

171

health care behaviors and,

171–172

misdiagnosis or underdiagnosis of,

166, 170

morbidity and mortality of cooccurring physical illness and,

172

overlap of symptoms of with physical illness,

167–169

pain and,

277

physical illnesses related to episodes of,

188–190

prevalence of,

165–166

selection of medications for,

472–476, 477–480

symptom perception and,

170–171

target symptom approach to pharmacology for,

443

treatment adherence and,

378

treatment of and interventions for,

197–198

Depressive disorder due to another medical condition,

186, 187, 190, 199

Dermatologic symptoms, of factitious disorder imposed on another,

308

Deutsch, Felix,

xi

Development

. See also Developmental disorders

concepts of physical illness and,

401–402

correlates of adjustment to physical illness and,

24, 26–28

factitious disorder imposed on another and relationship with parent,

317

pediatric pain and,

268–270

pretransplant psychiatric assessment and,

329

treatment adherence and,

375–378

understanding of death and,

363–364, 365

Developmental disorders

. See also Intellectual disability

acute agitation and,

459

catatonia and,

130

Dexmedetomidine,

117

Dextroamphetamine,

289, 300

Diagnosis

. See also Assessment; Differential diagnosis; DSM-5

of acute stress disorder,

214–216

of anxiety disorder due to another medical condition,

221

of autoimmune encephalitis,

151

of bipolar disorders,

179–183, 191–192

consultation requests and,

9, 37, 61

of conversion disorder,

242–243

of depressive disorder due to another medical condition,

187

of factitious disorder imposed on another,

305–306

of limbic encephalitis,

153

of major depressive disorder,

174–176

missed of depression in physically ill children,

166, 170

of neuroleptic malignant syndrome,

138, 139

of persistent depressive disorder,

176–178

of posttraumatic stress disorder,

216–219

of somatic symptom disorder,

238–239

of substance/medication-induced disorders,

192, 192–194, 194–195

Dialysis

. See Renal disease

Diaphragmatic breathing, and preparation for procedures,

499

Diazepam,

122, 468, 469

Differential diagnosis

of autoimmune encephalitis,

148, 150–154

of catatonia,

129–130, 131–132

of delirium,

103–105

of depressive disorders,

172, 173, 174, 178–179, 183–184, 187, 190–192, 194–195, 199

of factitious disorder imposed on another,

310–312

of neuroleptic malignant syndrome,

131–132, 138

of pediatric acute-onset neuropsychiatric syndrome,

157, 158

of psychogenic nonepileptic seizures and epilepsy,

245

of somatic symptom and related disorders,

247, 248

Diphenhydramine,

468, 471, 480–481

Direct effects, of physical illness,

22

Direct examination, and delirium,

105

Disability, and adjustment of family to chronic illness,

418

Disclosure of personal information, and psychotherapy,

406

Disengagement, and coping responses to physical illness,

25

Disorientation, and delirium,

99

Disposition, as type of consultation request,

9, 37, 62

Disruptive mood dysregulation disorder,

173, 183

Dissociation, and hypnosis,

503

Distancing suggestions, and hypnosis,

509

Distraction, and preparation for procedures,

498

Distress

correlates of adjustment in childhood physical illness and,

24, 29–30

preparation for procedures and reduction of,

492

Distress Thermometer,

349

Divalproex,

451

Divorce

authorization to waive privilege and,

87

custody disputes and issues of confidentiality,

86

parental consent for treatment of child and,

81–82, 84

“Doctor shopping,” and illness anxiety disorder,

246

Dosages, of medications for patients with chronic illnesses,

449, 452

Draw-a-Person Test,

40–41

Droperidol,

456, 470

Drug bioavailability, and absorption,

442

Drug-drug interactions,

144, 446–448

Drug-induced disorders, and catatonia,

132. See also Substance-related disorders

DSM-IV-TR, and factitious disorder by proxy,

306

DSM-5 (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition)

acute stress disorder in,

214–216

anxiety disorder due to another medical condition in,

221

bipolar I disorder in,

179–183

bipolar and related disorder due to another medical condition in,

191–192

catatonia in,

128, 129

classification of psychiatric disorders and,

xiii

conversion disorder in,

242–243

definition of mental disorder in,

58

delirium in,

95–97

depressive disorder due to another medical condition in,

187

major depressive disorder in,

174–176

overlap of symptoms of depression and physical illness,

167–169

persistent depressive disorder in,

176–178

posttraumatic stress disorder in,

216–219

psychological factors in pain,

266

somatic symptom disorder in,

238–239

substance/medication-induced disorders and,

192–194

Duloxetine

for anxiety,

471, 474

for depression,

474

pain management and,

287, 295

Dysphoria, and grief,

175

Dysthymia

. See Persistent depressive disorder

Eating disorders, treatment of as medical emergency,

76

Education

. See also Learning; School(s)

assessment and initial meeting with parents,

39

for family on delirium,

114

family therapy and,

432–433

for family on treatment adherence,

383, 384

group therapy and,

395

on management of pain,

281–282

on organ transplantation,

333

of pediatric team by consultants,

13–14

preparation for procedures and,

493–495

Electrocardiographic monitoring, and tricyclic antidepressants,

294

Electroconvulsive therapy

for catatonia,

136

for neuroleptic malignant syndrome,

142

Electroencephalograms

autoimmune encephalitis and,

151

delirium and,

101

Electronic medical records (EMRs),

63

Electronic signature, and assessment report,

67

Elimination, and pharmacokinetics,

445

Emancipated minors, treatment of without parental consent,

76–77

Emergencies, and treatment of child without parental consent,

76, 77

Emergency department, pharmacological treatment of agitation in,

459, 470

EMLA,

300, 497

Emotion(s)

. See also Anger

adjustment after organ transplantation and,

341–343

assessment of impact of physical illness on,

53, 69

delirium and rapid fluctuations in,

101

family reactions to chronic illness and,

424–425

preparation for procedures and,

492

Emotion-focused coping,

25

Endocrine disorders

anxiety symptoms and,

222, 223–224

catatonia and,

132

episodes of depression and mania,

188

End-of-life strategies, and palliative care,

361, 363–364

Enmeshment, and family structure,

237, 420

Environmental interventions

for delirium,

113–114

for depression in hospital,

198

Epidemiology

. See also Prevalence

of catatonia,

128

of delirium,

102

of neuroleptic malignant syndrome,

137

of pain,

267–268

of pediatric acute-onset neuropsychiatric syndrome,

156

of somatic symptom and related disorders,

239, 240, 244, 246

Epilepsy

. See also Seizures

anxiety disorders and,

225

differentiation of psychogenic nonepileptic seizures from,

244, 245

Escitalopram,

456, 472, 478

Eszopiclone,

481

Ethics

disclosure of information and,

84

factitious disorder imposed on another and,

314

Executive functions, and delirium,

99

Experience journal, and preparation for procedures,

496

Exposure, and preparation for procedures,

496

Faces scale,

271

Factitious disorder imposed on another (FDIOA)

assessment of,

312–317

background of and diagnostic criteria for,

305–306

clinical features of,

306–310

differential diagnosis of,

310–312

etiology of,

310

legal issues and,

317–318

treatment of,

319–320

Factitious disorder imposed on self (FDIOS),

305, 312, 316

False allegations, of factitious disorder imposed on another,

318

Family

. See also Family meetings; Family therapy; Parent(s); Siblings

adjustment of to chronic illness of child,

416–419, 420–422

assessment of effect of physical illness on functioning of,

53–54, 70–71

beliefs of regarding pain,

274–275, 278

cancer in children and,

357, 358

communication of assessment findings to,

60, 62–63, 66–67

correlates of adjustment in childhood physical illness and,

24, 30–32

death of child and,

364, 366

education for on delirium,

114

education for on management of pain,

281–282

factitious disorder imposed on another and reunification of,

320

illness course and,

412–414

impact of chronic physical illness on functioning of,

411, 423–425

life cycle of,

414, 415, 416

organ transplantation and assessment of,

326, 328–329, 330, 331–332

preparation of for assessment,

38–39

somatic symptom and related disorders in,

237

treatment adherence and,

374, 375, 378–379, 382–383

working relationship of with pediatric team,

429–431

Family-based integrated care,

412

Family circle method,

432

Family genogram,

432

Family meetings

communication of assessment findings and,

60, 62

communication of family with pediatric team,

430

factitious disorder imposed on another and,

317–318

management of pain and,

279

management of somatic symptom and related disorders,

252–253, 255

Family therapy

benefits of,

412

for factitious disorder imposed on another,

320

guidelines for,

431–436, 437

for pain management,

284

for somatic symptom and related disorders,

258–259

for treatment adherence,

384, 385

Family timeline,

432

Fantasy, and preparation for procedures,

500. See also Rescue fantasies; Television fantasy

Fatigue

overlap of symptoms of depression and physical illness,

168–169

selection of medications for,

479–480

target symptom approach to psychopharmacology for,

443

FDIOA

. See Factitious disorder imposed on another

Fear, definition of,

205

Feedback, and pretransplant psychiatric assessment,

329

Feelings Mandala Project,

41, 43, 398

Feelings Pie Project,

41, 42, 398

Feeling Words Exercise,

42, 44

Fentanyl,

286, 291

Financial issues

. See also Billing

nonadherence with treatment and,

372–373

payment for treatment as legal issue,

82

service funding for pediatric CLP programs,

17

Five Ds, and diagnosis of cancer,

423

Fluoxetine,

456, 472, 478

Food and Drug Administration (FDA),

470, 484

Formal operations

. See Adolescents

Foster care, and transfer of custody,

90

Full Scale IQ,

355

Full-time faculty equivalents (FTEs),

15

Functional Disability Inventory,

249

Functional impairment, and depression,

171

Funeral, discussion of with child,

367–368

Gabapentin

insomnia and,

483

pain and,

287, 295

renal disease and,

454

Gastrointestinal disorders

. See also Inflammatory bowel disease

anxiety symptoms and,

233

factitious disorder imposed on another and symptoms of,

307, 308

posttransplant complications and,

337

psychopharmacology and,

449, 452

Generalized anxiety disorder,

208

Generalized Anxiety Disorder–7 (GAD-7),

226

Genetic(s)

anxiety disorders and,

206

catatonia and disorders of,

130

somatization and,

235

Graft-vs.-host disease,

360

Grief

. See also Bereavement

adjustment disorder with depressed mood and,

184–185

major depressive episode distinguished from,

175

primary depressive disorder compared to,

186

psychotherapy and process of,

399–400, 402–404

responses of family to death of child,

365, 366

Group A beta-hemolytic streptococcal (GABHS) infections,

156, 157, 159

Group therapy

goals of in pediatric setting,

395–396, 397

siblings and,

435

Guided imagery

consultant interventions and,

12

for pain management,

283

preparation for procedures and,

500

Guidelines

for family therapy,

431–436, 437

for integrated medical and psychiatric treatment of pain,

279–280

for preparation for procedures,

495

standards of care for pediatric cancer patients and,

350–354

Guilt, and countertransference,

405

Hallucinations, and delirium,

100

Haloperidol

for agitation, aggression, irritability, and psychosis,

459, 466, 469, 470

cardiovascular side effects of,

455, 456, 470

delirium and,

115, 116, 122

pain management and,

288, 300

Harm principle, and decision making by guardian,

74

Hashimoto’s encephalopathy,

153

Health care

. See also Hospitals; Integrated care; Laboratory tests; Medical history; Nurses; Physical examination; Physicians; Preparation for procedures

influence of depression on utilization and costs of,

171–172

medical neglect and,

88–89

pretransplant psychiatric assessment and previous experiences with,

327

Heart disease

. See Cardiac disorders

Heinroth, Johann,

xi

Hematological symptoms, and factitious disorder imposed on another,

308

Hepatic disease, and psychopharmacology,

448–449

Hepatic encephalopathy,

330

Hierarchy, and family structure,

421

HIV

pain and,

268

risk of suicide in patients with,

172

Homeless minors, treatment of without parental consent,

76–77

Horizontal stressors, and family life cycle,

414, 417

Hormone-secreting tumors, and symptoms of anxiety,

223–224

Hospitals, and hospitalization

. See also Emergency department; Health care; Intensive care unit; Partial hospitalization programs

assessment of child’s behavior in,

56

behavioral regression in,

184

bereavement rooms in,

363

child life programs and preparation for procedures in,

492–493

depression and environment of,

198

financial support for pediatric CLP programs in,

17

lawsuits against by victims of factitious disorder imposed on another,

318

pretransplant psychiatric assessment and previous experiences with,

327

professional disciplines in,

6–8

psychological sources of anxiety and,

211

recovery from organ transplantation and,

335–336

as setting for psychotherapy,

398–399

voluntary application for commitment to psychiatric,

80

Hunter criteria, for serotonin syndrome,

143, 145

Hydroxyzine,

300, 471, 476

Hyperactive delirium,

100, 105

Hyperarousal, and traumatic events,

219

Hypersomnia, and depression,

168. See also Sleep disturbances

Hyperthermia, and neuroleptic malignant syndrome,

138

Hyperthyroidism,

225

Hypnoanesthesia,

509

Hypomanic episodes, and bipolar I disorder,

180–181

Hypnosis

applicability of in pediatric setting,

394

for pain management,

12, 283

preparation for procedures and,

502–509

for procedural anxiety or pain management,

12

for somatic symptom and related disorders,

258

Hypnotic Induction Profile,

506

Hypnotic Susceptibility Scale,

506

Hypoactive delirium,

100–101, 105

Hypochondriasis

. See Illness anxiety disorder

Hypoxia,

224

Identified patient, concept of child as,

60

Ideomotor techniques, and hypnosis,

508

Illness anxiety disorder,

240–241, 246–247

Illness factors, and standardized principles for assessment,

47

IMDH inhibitors,

339–340

Imipramine,

482

Immunomodulation

autoimmune encephalitis and,

154

catatonia and,

137

pediatric acute-onset neuropsychiatric syndrome and,

159

Immunosuppressive agents, and organ transplantation,

336–337, 338–341

Indirect effects, of physical illness,

22

Induction methods, for hypnosis,

506–507

Infection, and infectious disorders catatonia and,

131

episodes of depression and mania,

189

factitious disorder imposed on another and,

308

treatment adherence and,

372

Inflammatory bowel disease

anxiety symptoms and,

223

cognitive-behavioral therapy for,

394

depression and,

170

direct effects of on brain,

28

Information

assessment and multiple sources of,

37–38

preparation for procedures and content of,

494

release of as legal issue,

83–84

Informed consent

. See also Consent

definition of,

74

living donors for organ transplantation and,

333

third-party access to information and,

84

Insight-oriented psychotherapy, for somatic symptom and related disorders,

258

Insomnia

. See also Sleep disturbances

depression and,

167–168

selection of medications for,

480–483

target symptom approach to psychopharmacology for,

443

Insulin levels, and factitious disorder imposed on another,

307

Intake system, setting up responsive,

36

Integrated care

. See also Health care; Mental health care

family-based,

412

models of collaborative care,

4

organ transplantation and,

323–324

treatment approach to pain,

279–280

Intellectual disability, and legal limits of parental authority,

80. See also Developmental disorders

Intensive care unit (ICU), and delirium,

98

International Association for the Study of Pain,

265

Interview, with child or adolescent patient for assessment,

40–45

Intravenous drug delivery, and bioavailability,

442

I WATCH DEATH (mnemonic),

103, 104

Journals, on pediatric consultationliaison psychiatry,

xii

Juvenile justice system, and sources of information for assessment,

38

Kanner, Leo,

xi

Kidney disease

. See Renal disease

Kinetic family drawing technique,

398

La belle indifférence, and conversion disorder,

243

Laboratory tests

anxiety symptoms and,

228

autoimmune encephalitis and,

149–150, 151

delirium and,

105

depressive and manic symptoms,

201

factitious disorder imposed on another and alteration of,

307

neuroleptic malignant syndrome and,

139

pediatric acute-onset neuropsychiatric syndrome and,

157–158

Lamotrigine,

297, 451

Language

. See also Communication

delirium and disturbances in,

100

preparation for procedures and,

494

Learning, and somatization,

236–237. See also Education; Social learning theory

Legal issues

. See also Mandated reporting; Safety

confidentiality and privilege as,

82–87

consent for treatment as,

73–82

factitious disorder imposed on another and,

314, 317–318

limits of parental authority as,

80–81

payment for treatment and,

82

Letter writing, as intervention technique,

398

Leukemia,

349, 359

Level I Cross-Cutting Symptom Measures,

38

Levetiracetam,

298

Liaison activities, of consultant with pediatric team,

13–14

Lidocaine,

300

Life cycle, of family,

414, 415, 416

Limbic encephalitis (LE),

151–153

Lithium

for agitation, aggression, irritability, and psychosis,

467

cardiac disease and,

456

renal disease and,

453, 454

Liver, and drug metabolism,

444, 445. See also Hepatic disease; Hepatic encephalopathy

Living donors (LD), for organ transplantation,

332–333, 334

Long-term adjustment, of pediatric patients and families,

30

Lorazepam

agitation and,

459, 468, 469, 470

catatonia and,

136

for depression and anxiety,

475–476

renal disease and,

454

Loss, and major depressive episode,

182

Lurasidone,

465

Lyme disease,

157, 159

Lymphoma,

359

Magical thinking, in preschool children,

26, 269, 364

Magic carpet technique, and hypnosis,

508

Major depressive disorder,

173, 174–176

Major depressive episode (MDE),

175181–182

Malingering, and factitious disorder imposed on another,

311–312

Management

. See also Treatment

consultation requests and,

9, 37, 61

of delirium,

113–122

of factitious disorder imposed on another,

315–316

of pain,

278–301

of somatic symptom and related disorders,

240

Mandated reporting, of child abuse,

85, 318

Mania, and manic episodes

. See also Secondary mania

assessment of,

200–201

bipolar I disorder and,

179

neurological causes of,

191

physical illnesses related to,

188–190

Mature minors, consent for treatment of,

77–78

Meaning, of pain,

276–277

Measurement, of pain,

270–272

Medical family therapy,

412

Medical history

. See also Medical records; Patient history

assessment of anxiety symptoms and,

228

assessment of delirium and,

105

factitious disorder imposed on another and,

313, 315

pain and,

276

Medical neglect

. See also Child abuse

assessment of parenting capacity and,

87–90

somatic symptom and related disorders and,

256

Medical records

. See also Medical history

assessment report and,

63

factitious disorder imposed on another and falsification of,

307

Medical severity, and correlates of adjustment to physical illness,

24, 28

Medications

. See Pharmacology

Melatonin,

117, 481–482

Membrane stabilizers, and pain management,

287–288

Memory

aids for treatment adherence,

383, 384

delirium and,

99

Mental health care

. See also Countertransference; Diagnosis; Integrated care; Management; Psychiatric disorders; Psychotherapy; Therapeutic relationship; Treatment; specific disorders

consent for treatment and,

79–80

pretransplant psychiatric assessment and history of,

328

psychiatric symptoms of autoimmune encephalitis and,

154–155

Mental status examination

anxiety symptoms in pediatric setting and,

228

depressive and manic symptoms in pediatric setting and,

200

guidelines for assessment and,

45, 66

Meperidine,

286, 291

Metabolism, and metabolic disorders

catatonia and,

132

pharmacokinetics and,

444–445

Methadone, and delirium,

122

Methylphenidate

cardiac function and,

457

pain management and,

289, 299–300

Methylprednisolone,

338

Midazolam,

468

Migraine

epidemiology of,

268

relaxation therapy for,

283, 500

serotonin syndrome and medications for,

146

Mild depression,

170

Mindfulness-based interventions

consultant interventions and,

12

goals of in pediatric setting,

394–395

for pain management,

284–285

Mirtazapine,

474, 482

Mixed-type delirium,

101

Modafinil,

339, 480

Modeling, and preparation for procedures,

495–496

Monitoring, degree of and adjustment of family to chronic illness,

418

Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs), and serotonin syndrome,

144

Monoclonal antibodies,

341

Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MOCA),

64–65, 66

Mood and Feeling Questionnaire (MFQ),

195

Mood scales,

41, 44

Mood stabilizers

agitation and,

471

cardiac disease and,

456

hepatic disease and,

451

renal disease and,

454

serotonin syndrome and,

146

Morphine,

286, 291

Mortality, and mortality rates

. See also Death

cardiovascular side effects of psychotropic medications and,

455

catatonia and,

127, 129

depression and,

172

factitious disorder imposed on another and,

307

living donors for organ transplantation,

333

neuroleptic malignant syndrome and,

137

Motivations, of parents in factitious disorder imposed on another,

311

Motor symptoms, of conversion disorder,

244

Movement imagery, and hypnosis,

508

Munchausen by proxy (MBP),

305–306

Muromonab-CD3 (OKT3),

341

Muscle tension, and pain,

276

Mycophenolic acid,

336

Narcissistic personality disorder,

309

Narrative therapy,

393, 436

National Cancer Institute,

347

National Child Traumatic Stress Network (NCTSN),

212–213

National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH),

xi–xii, 156, 159, 478

National Sleep Foundation,

482

Nephrotic syndrome,

452

Neuralgia,

267

Neurocognitive disorders

. See Autoimmune encephalitis; Catatonia; Delirium; Neuroleptic malignant syndrome; Pediatric acute-onset neuropsychiatric syndrome; Serotonin syndrome

Neurodevelopmental assessment, and pretransplantation evaluation,

329–330

Neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS)

assessment of,

139

autoimmune encephalitis in patients with,

155

clinical presentation of,

137–138, 141

diagnostic criteria for,

139

differential diagnosis of,

131–132, 138

epidemiology of,

137

pathophysiology of,

138

risk factors for,

140

treatment of,

141–143

Neurological disorders

anxiety symptoms and,

222

delirium and,

101

episodes of depression and mania in,

188

factitious disorder imposed on another and,

308

organ transplantation and,

337

Neuropathic pain,

267

Neurotransmitters, delirium and dysregulation of,

102–103

NMDA antagonists, and catatonia,

136

NMS

. See Neuroleptic malignant syndrome

Noncategorical approach, to physical illness,

23

Nociceptive pain,

267

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs),

159, 286, 290

Normalization, of illness experience for family,

433

Nortriptyline,

455, 456

Numeric rating scale,

270, 271

Nurses, and nursing

. See also Pediatric team

assessment of factitious disorder imposed on another and,

314

notes of as source of information for assessment,

37

role of in pediatric hospital setting,

6, 15

Nutritional disorders, and catatonia,

131

Nutritionists, role of in pediatric hospital setting,

8

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD),

156, 157

Occupation therapists, role of in pediatric hospital setting,

8

Olanzapine

for agitation, aggression, irritability, and psychosis,

461, 469, 470

delirium and,

115, 116

Omeprazole,

447

Ophthalmic symptoms, of factitious disorder imposed on another,

309

Opioids

delirium and,

103, 114, 122

pain management and,

286, 290–291, 292–293

serotonin syndrome and,

147

Organizational interventions, for treatment adherence,

383, 385

Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network (OPTN),

324

Organ transplantation

decisions on and preparation for,

333–334

history and current status of,

324

integrated behavioral health care and,

323–324

listing for and waiting period,

334–335

living donors and,

332–333, 334

posttransplant adjustment after,

336–337, 341–343

pretransplant psychiatric assessment and,

325–332

surgery for,

335–336

survival rates after,

324, 325

treatment adherence following,

372

Orthostatic hypotension, and tricyclic antidepressants,

455

Ovarian teratoma, and autoimmune encephalitis,

151

Over-the-counter medications, and serotonin syndrome,

147

Overprotectiveness, and family structure,

420

Oxazepam,

454

Oxcarbazepine,

287

Oxidative stress, and delirium,

102

Oxycodone,

286, 291

Pain, and pain management

anxiety and effective treatment of,

229

cancer and,

355

classification of,

265–266, 267

definition of,

265

depression and perception of,

170

developmental factors in,

268–270

epidemiology of,

267–268

hypnosis and,

509

measurement of,

270–272

preparation for procedures and management of,

492, 497

principles of management,

278–301

psychiatric assessment of,

272, 273–275, 275–278

psychotherapy and,

406

risk of suicide and,

172

target symptom approach to psychopharmacology for,

444

Pain-associated disability syndrome,

280

Pain diary,

272

Paliperidone,

464

Palliative care, and pediatric cancer,

361–368

PANDAS

. See Pediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorder associated with streptococcal infections

Panic attacks,

209, 210, 225

Panic disorder,

206, 208, 224

PANS

. See Pediatric acute-onset neuropsychiatric syndrome

PANS/PANDAS Research Consortium,

158–159

Parent(s)

. See also Divorce; Family

access of to information on treatment,

83–84

anxiety and distress during medical procedures,

31

assessment of capacity for,

87–89

consent for treatment of child,

73–82

countertransference issues in psychotherapy and,

405–406

death of child and,

364

factitious disorder imposed on another and,

310–311, 319

family therapy and establishing appropriate authority of,

435

hypnosis and,

504, 505–506

legal limits of authority,

80–81

observation of play and,

56–58

preparation for procedures and,

494–495, 497

transfer of custody and termination of rights,

89–90

treatment adherence and,

376, 378–379

Parental Stressor Scale,

54

Paroxetine,

480

Partial hospitalization programs, for somatic symptom disorders,

258

Passive coping,

25, 26

Pathological lying, and factitious disorder imposed on another,

309

Patient(s)

. See also Patient history

assessment and initial meeting with,

39

assessment and interview with child or adolescent,

40–45

communication of assessment findings to,

60, 62

concept of child as identified patient in biopsychosocial formulation,

60

preparation of for assessment,

38–39

privilege rules between physician and,

86

Patient-controlled analgesia (PCA),

291

Patient Health Questionnaire–9 (PHQ-9),

195

Patient history

. See also Medical history

assessment report and,

66

medical distress and long-term adaptation to physical illness,

29–30

treatment adherence and,

373, 374

Pediatric acute-onset neuropsychiatric syndrome (PANS),

155–159

Pediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorder associated with streptococcal infections (PANDAS),

155, 156, 157, 159

Pediatric Catatonia Rating Scale,

130, 133–135

Pediatric Confusion Assessment Method for the ICU Series,

107, 110, 111

Pediatric consultation-liaison psychiatry (CLP)

. See also Assessment; Legal issues; Pain; Physical illness; Preparation for procedures; Psychiatric disorders; Referrals; Treatment

collaborative care models for pediatrics and,

4–5

definition of,

xi, 3

history and development of,

xi–xii

organizations, journals, and textbooks on,

xii–xiii

practice patterns in,

14–17

roles of consultant in,

5–14

use of terms for,

3

Pediatric medical traumatic stress (PMTS),

209–210, 212–213

Pediatric Preventive Psychosocial Health Model,

349

Pediatric psychology,

xii

Pediatric psychosomatic medicine

. See Pediatric consultation-liaison psychiatry

Pediatric team

. See also Nurses; Physicians

assessment of factitious disorder imposed on another and,

314

communication of assessment findings to,

60, 62–63

liaison activities of consultant with,

13–14

working relationship of family with,

429–431

Pediatric ventricular assist devices (VADs),

335

Peer group affiliation, and treatment adherence by adolescents,

377–378

Perceptual disturbance, and delirium,

100

Perpetuating factors, in biopsychosocial formulation,

59

Persistent depressive disorder,

173, 176–178

Personality traits

. See also Temperament

factitious disorder imposed on another and,

309

response to pain and,

277

somatization and,

235

P-glycoproteins, and drug-drug interactions,

447

Pharmacokinetics,

442, 444–445

Pharmacology

. See also Antidepressants; Antipsychotics; Anxiolytic agents; Dosages; Drug-drug interactions; Medications; Opioids; Pharmacokinetics; Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors; Side effects; Stimulants; Toxicity

anxiety as side effect of,

222–223, 227, 228

cancer and,

356–357, 360

for delirium,

114, 115, 116–117

for depression,

198, 201

medication selection and,

457–459, 468, 470–471, 477–483

organ transplantation and,

342–343

as potential causes of depression and mania,

194–195, 196–197

psychiatric consultants and knowledge of,

11–12

serotonin syndrome and,

146–147

for somatic symptom and related disorders,

259

specific physical illnesses and,

448–457, 458

target symptom approach to,

441–442, 443–444

treatment interventions for pain and,

274, 276, 285–301

Pheochromocytoma,

223–224

Physical examination

. See also Laboratory tests

delirium and,

101

depressive and manic symptoms in pediatric setting and,

200

factitious disorder imposed on another and,

315

Physical illness, in children

. See also Adherence; Cancer; Cardiac disorders; Endocrine disorders; Epilepsy; Gastrointestinal disorders; Neurological disorders; Organ transplantation; Pain; Preparation for procedures; Prognosis; Renal disease; Respiratory disease; Seizure(s)

anxiety symptoms in specific,

221–226

categorical vs. noncategorical conceptualization of,

22–23

children’s conceptions of,

401–402

cognitive distortions and,

395

comorbidity of psychiatric syndromes with,

9, 10, 11

correlates of adjustment to,

23, 24, 25–32

definition of chronic,

22

diagnostic categories benefiting from palliative care,

362–363

differential diagnosis of somatic symptoms and,

248

impact of on family system and functioning,

411, 423–425

overlap between symptoms of depression and,

167–169

pretransplant psychiatric assessment and understanding of,

327

prevalence of,

21

psychological sources of anxiety associated with,

211–212

risk for symptoms of anxiety in,

206, 208

somatization and past history of,

237

somatopsychic illnesses and,

11

treatment adherence and duration of,

374, 375

types of related to episodes of depression and mania,

188–190

Physical restraints, and delirium,

113

Physical signs/symptoms, and factitious disorder imposed on another,

308–309

Physical therapy, and physical therapists

for management of pain,

282

role of in pediatric hospital setting,

8

somatic symptom and related disorders and,

257

Physicians

. See also Pediatric team

assessment of factitious disorder imposed on another,

314

assessment of patient relationship with,

71

caregiver behavior and adjustment of child to physical illness,

30

privilege rules between patient and,

86

problem of burnout,

14

role of in pediatric hospital setting,

7

somatic symptom and related disorders in primary care and,

257

Plasmapheresis, and autoimmune encephalitis,

154

Play

assessment and observation of,

56–58

preparation for procedures and,

496, 498, 500

psychotherapy and,

397–398

Positive reinforcement

preparation for procedures and,

502

treatment adherence and,

385

Positive statements, and preparation for procedures,

497

Postconcussive syndrome,

225

Posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD),

337

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

definition of,

213

delirium as risk factor for development of,

98

depressive symptoms as psychological reaction to physical illness and,

173

differential diagnosis of depression and,

185

DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for,

216–219

pediatric medical traumatic stress and,

209

treatment adherence and,

378

Practice Parameter for the Psychiatric Assessment and Management of Physically Ill Children and Adolescents,

45, 48–52

Predictability, and adjustment of family to chronic illness,

418

Predisposing, precipitating, perpetuating, and protective factors (4 Ps), in biopsychosocial formulation,

58–59

Prednisone,

338

Pregabalin,

298

Pregnancy, consent for prevention, treatment, or termination of,

78

Prehypnotic interview,

505

Preoperational phase

. See Preschool children

Preparation, for medical procedures

assessment of adaptation and coping,

492–493

coping skills training and,

496–500, 502

education and,

493–495

effective forms of,

491–492

exposure and,

496

hypnosis and,

502–509

modeling and,

495–496

previous experience with hospitalization and,

30

Preschool children

concepts of physical illness and,

401

correlates of adjustment to physical illness,

26

developmental understanding of death by,

364, 365

family life cycle and,

415

pain and developmental factors,

269

Preschool Confusion Assessment Method for the ICU (psCAMICU),

107, 111

Prevalence

. See also Epidemiology

of acute distress and anxiety in physical illness,

29

of anxiety disorders,

206, 225

of cancer-related fatigue,

479

of catatonia,

128

of delirium,

102

of depression,

165–166

of functionally impairing psychiatric disorders in children,

9

of illness anxiety disorder,

246

of physical illness in children,

21

of posttraumatic stress symptoms,

219–220

of somatic symptom disorder,

239

of somatization,

234

Primary control, and coping responses to physical illness,

25, 26

Primary depressive disorder,

174, 178–179, 186, 199

Primary gain, and conversion disorder,

243

Privilege, as legal issue,

82, 86–87

Problematic partnership, of of family with pediatric team,

429–430

Problem-focused coping,

25

Prognosis, of physical illness

adjustment of family to chronic illness and,

418–419

psychological sources of anxiety associated with,

212

Progressive illness,

413

Progressive muscle relaxation

pain management and,

283

preparation for procedures and,

499, 500, 501

Propranolol,

477

Protective factors, in biopsychosocial formulation,

59

Protein binding, and psychopharmacology,

442, 444, 449

PSCPCC

. See Psychosocial Standards of Care Project for Childhood Cancer

Psychiatric boarding,

15, 17

Psychiatric disorders

. See also Anxiety disorders; Assessment; Bipolar disorders; Comorbidity; Delirium; Depression; Factitious disorder imposed on another; Mental health care; Neurocognitive disorders; Posttraumatic stress disorder; Psychosis; Somatic symptom and related disorders; Substance-related disorders; Treatment

catatonia in patients with,

130

definition of in DSM-5,

58

pretransplantation psychiatric assessment and,

328

prevalence of in children,

9

Psychiatric factors, in treatment adherence,

378–379

Psychodynamic psychotherapy,

392–393, 396

Psychoeducation

. See Education

Psychogenic nonepileptic seizures,

244, 245

Psychological factors

anxiety associated with pediatric physical illness and,

211–212

in biopsychosocial formulation,

59

pain and,

266, 276–278

somatic symptom and related disorders and,

241

Psychological factors affecting other medical conditions,

185

Psychological reaction, depressive symptoms as,

173, 184–185, 199

Psychologists, on staff of hospitals,

15

Psychomotor activity

catatonia and,

128

delirium and,

100

overlap of symptoms of depression and physical illness,

169

Psychosis

anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis and,

152

factitious disorder imposed on another and,

316

selected medications for agitation, aggression, and irritability, and,

460–467

target symptom approach to psychopharmacology for,

444

Psychosocial adjustment, and cancer,

356–357

Psychosocial Assessment Tool,

349

Psychosocial interventions, for depression,

198

Psychosocial Standards of Care Project for Childhood Cancer (PSCPCC),

348–349, 350–354, 356, 357, 360

Psychosocial team meeting, and assessment,

63

Psychosomatic disorders, and physical symptoms caused by psychiatric illness,

11

Psychosomatic medicine

. See Consultation-liaison psychiatry

Psychotherapy

. See also Psychodynamic psychotherapy; Supportive psychotherapy

for anxiety symptoms,

227

cancer patients and,

360

choice of approach to,

396

countertransference issues for,

405–407

for depression,

477

duration and consistency of,

399

for factitious disorder imposed on another,

319–320

grieving process and,

399–400, 402–404

hospital as setting for,

398–399

models of,

392–396

organ transplantation and,

342

for pain management,

284

pediatric acute-onset neuropsychiatric syndrome and,

159

play and,

397–398

research on effectiveness of,

391–392

role of consultants in hospital setting and,

12

for somatic symptom and related disorders,

258–259

for treatment adherence,

384, 385

Pulmonary disease, and anxiety symptoms,

224

QT interval, and antipsychotics,

455, 457, 470

Quality of life

palliative care for cancer and,

361

treatment adherence and,

373

Quetiapine,

116, 456, 462

Radiation, and side effects of treatment for cancer,

355, 360

Referrals

assessment and,

37, 60, 61–62, 431–432

informing patient and family of reason for,

38–39

reaction of family to,

431–432

somatic symptom and related disorders and,

247–248

types of requests for,

9

Rehabilitation model

for management of pain,

280–281

for somatic symptom and related disorders,

257–258

Reinforcement, of pain behaviors,

275

Relapsing/episodic illnesses,

413

Relaxation therapy

consultant interventions and,

12

for pain management,

283

preparation for procedures and,

498–499

Religion

assessment of family and,

55–56, 57, 419

medical neglect and,

88

Renal disease

dialysis for and psychotropic medications,

452, 453

dialysis for and risk of suicide,

172

side effects of psychopharmacology and,

452–453, 454

symptoms of and factitious disorder imposed on another,

308–309

Reports, writing of on assessment,

63, 66–67. See also Mandated reporting

Reproductive health, and consent for medical treatment,

78

Rescue fantasies, and psychotherapy,

405

Research, and role of consultant,

14

Residents, and pediatric hospital,

6

Resistance, and family therapy,

436

Respiratory disease

. See also Asthma; Pulmonary disease

side effects of psychopharmacology and,

457, 458

symptoms of and factitious disorder imposed on another,

308

Reversibility, and developmental concept of death,

364

Richmond Agitation Sedation Scale (RASS),

107, 110, 112

Rigidity, and family structure,

421

Risk factors

for delirium,

102

for neuroleptic malignant syndrome,

140

for nonadherence with treatment,

373, 374, 375

for suicide in dialysis patients,

172

Risperidone

for agitation, aggression, irritability, and psychosis,

463, 470

cardiac function and,

456

delirium and,

115, 116

renal disease and,

454

Rituximab,

337

Road Map of Life,

44–45, 46

Rockefeller Foundation,

xi

Role allocation, and family structure,

421

Safety

of child in evaluation of factitious disorder imposed on another,

318

health-related statutes on warnings about,

85–86

School(s)

. See also Education

assessment of impact of physical illness,

55, 70

factitious disorder imposed on another and,

307

organ transplant patients and,

343

as source of information for assessment,

38

School-age children

concepts of physical illness and,

401

correlates of adjustment to physical illness,

27

developmental factors in pain,

269

developmental understanding of death by,

364, 365

family life cycle and,

415

Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders (SCARED),

226

Screening instruments

. See also Standardized instruments

assessment and,

38

cancer patients and,

349

for delirium,

106–107

practice patterns in pediatric CLP programs and,

16

Secondary coping responses, to physical illness,

25, 27

Secondary gain

pain and,

278, 284

somatization and,

236, 243

Secondary mania,

183, 191

Seizure(s)

. See also Epilepsy; Seizure disorders

autoimmune encephalitis and,

151, 152, 153

conversion disorder and,

244, 246

differentiating epilepsy from psychogenic nonepileptic,

244, 245

factitious disorder imposed on another and,

307

somatization and,

235

video-electroencephalographic monitoring of,

249

Seizure disorders, and symptoms of anxiety,

225

Selective mutism,

208

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)

anxiety and,

226, 471, 472–473

cardiac disease and,

456

depression and,

201, 472–473

gastrointestinal disease and,

452

pain treatment and,

294

renal disease and,

453

serotonin syndrome and,

144

Self-esteem

chronic physical illnesses and,

330

grief distinguished from major depressive episode and,

175

Self-report measures, of pain,

270, 271, 272

Sensorimotor stage

. See Preschool children

Sensory symptoms, of conversion disorder,

244

Separation anxiety disorder,

206, 208

Separation-individuation, and treatment adherence by adolescents,

376

Seronegative autoimmune encephalitis,

154

Serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs),

226, 291, 295

Serotonin syndrome,

141, 143–145, 146–147

Sertraline,

473

Service composition and demand, and practice patterns of pediatric CLP programs,

15, 16–17

Sexual abuse, evaluation and treatment of without parental consent,

79

Sexual activity

depression and loss of interest in,

169

exceptions to confidentiality and,

85

Sexually transmitted diseases, and consent for treatment,

78

Shared, family-centered decision making,

74

Siblings

. See also Family

assessment of impact of physical illness on,

54, 71

factitious disorder imposed on another and,

307

family therapy and,

435–436, 437

pediatric cancer and,

357

reactions of to chronic illness in family,

425–426, 427–428

response to death of,

364

Sickle cell disease,

172, 300

Side effects, of medications

. See also Neuroleptic malignant syndrome; Serotonin syndrome

benzodiazepines and,

477

cannabis-based medicines and,

301

clonidine and,

483

immunosuppressive agents and,

338–341

opioids and,

291, 292–293

psychostimulants and,

480

psychotropic medications and cardiovascular,

455

tricyclic antidepressants and,

294

SIG E CAPS (mnemonic),

195, 198

Simulation, and preparation for procedures,

496

Sirolimus,

340

Situational variables, and pediatric pain,

276

Sleep disturbances

. See also Hypersomnia; Insomnia

delirium and,

101

manic episodes and,

191

pain and,

276

Social anxiety disorder,

206, 208

Social factors, in biopsychosocial formulation,

60

Social learning theory

preparation for procedures and,

495

somatic symptoms and,

237

Social relationships, assessment of impact of physical illness on,

54–55, 70

Social service intervention, and somatic symptom and related disorders,

256. See also Child protective service agencies

Social support network, and pretransplant psychiatric assessment,

331

Social workers

assessment of factitious disorder imposed on another and,

314

role of in pediatric hospital setting,

7, 15

Society of Pediatric Psychology,

xii

Sociodemographic variables, in pain responses,

272, 275

Socioeconomic status, and somatic symptom and related disorders,

237

Somatic depression,

170

Somatic Symptom Checklist,

249

Somatic symptom disorder (SSD)

clinical features of,

238, 240–241, 242

definition of,

233

DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for,

238–239

epidemiology of,

239

factitious disorder imposed on another and,

312

Somatic symptom and related disorders (SSRDs)

. See also Conversion disorder; Illness anxiety disorder; Somatic symptom disorder; Somatization

assessment of,

247–249, 250–252

classification of factitious disorders in DSM-5 and,

305, 306

definition of,

233

treatment of,

249, 252–259

Somatization, risk factors for pediatric,

234–237

Somatopsychic illnesses,

11

Somatosensory amplification,

236

Specific phobia,

206, 208

Spirituality

. See Religion

Sports activity technique, and hypnosis,

508

Staff, communication of assessment findings to,

62–63. See also Nurses; Pediatric Team; Physicians

Staff-centered meetings, and assessment,

63

Standardized instruments

. See also Screening instruments

for anxiety symptoms,

226

for general assessment,

45, 47

for somatic symptom and related disorders,

249

Stanford Hypnotic Clinical Scale for Children,

506

State custody, and limits of parental authority,

80–81

Stem Cell Therapeutic Outcomes Database,

359

Stem cell transplantation (SCT),

359–360

Stepwise approach, for treatment of somatic symptom and related disorders,

249, 254–255

Steroids,

103, 154. See also Corticosteroids

Stigma, and adjustment of family to chronic illness,

418

Stimulants

. See also Dextroamphetamine; Methylphenidate

cardiac disease and,

457

depression and,

201, 478–479

fatigue and,

479–480

pain management and,

299–300

Stress, and stressful life events

family life cycle and,

414, 417, 419

pain and,

277

psychosocial in patients waiting for organ transplant,

335

somatization and,

235

Structural family approach, to family adaptation to chronic illness,

419, 420–422

Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA),

212

Substance/medication-induced anxiety disorder,

225–226, 227

Substance/medication-induced bipolar and related disorder,

192, 193–194, 194–195

Substance/medication-induced depressive disorder,

192, 192–193, 194–195

Substance-related disorders, and substance use

. See also Alcohol use; Withdrawal

catatonia and,

132

pretransplant psychiatric assessment and,

328, 332

serotonin syndrome and,

147

treatment of without parental consent,

79

Subsystems, and family structure,

419

Suggestion method, and preparation for procedures,

500

Suicide, and suicidality

adjustment disorder with depressed mood and,

185

depression in physically ill patients and,

172, 186

factitious disorder imposed on another and,

316

screening tool for risk of,

197

treatment adherence in patients with depression and,

378

Sundowning, and delirium,

98

Supervision, and treatment adherence,

384, 385

Supportive psychotherapy

for anxiety symptoms,

227

choice of as psychotherapeutic approach,

396

for depression in hospital,

198

goals of in pediatric setting,

392

Sydenham’s chorea,

157

Symptom perception, and depression,

170–171

Tacrolimus,

336, 339

Target symptom approach, to psychopharmacology,

441–442, 443–444

Television fantasy, and hypnosis,

507

Temperament, and correlates of adjustment in childhood physical illness,

24, 29. See also Personality traits

Temporal course, of delirium,

98

Tension headaches,

282

Tension-relaxation method, and preparation for procedures,

500

Termination, of parental rights,

89–90

Tetracaine,

300

Texas Children’s Medication Algorithm Project,

478

Textbook of Pediatric Psychosomatic Medicine (Shaw and DeMaso 2010),

xiii

Textbooks, on pediatric consultationliaison psychiatry,

xii–xiii

Therapeutic range, of drugs,

444

Therapeutic relationship

. See also Countertransference

assessment interview and establishment of,

40

factitious disorder imposed on another and,

317

psychotherapy and,

404, 405–406

Therapist monologue, and psychotherapy,

398

Thinking, and thought

. See also Magical thinking

delirium and disturbances in,

100

overlap between symptoms of

depression and physical illness,

169

Third-party access, and release of information,

84

Thyroid disease, and anxiety symptoms,

225

Thyrotoxicosis,

225

Tic disorders, and pediatric acute-onset neuropsychiatric syndrome,

156, 158

Topical anesthetics,

300

Topiramate,

296, 451, 454

Toxicity, of medications catatonia and,

132

serotonin syndrome and,

144

Toys, and preparation for procedures,

498. See also Play

Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS),

283

Transformation, and preparation for procedures,

498

Trauma-focused cognitive behavioral therapy, for anxiety symptoms,

227

Trauma- and stressor-related disorders

. See Acute stress disorder; Adjustment disorder; Posttraumatic stress disorder

Traumatic brain injury,

225

Trazodone

cardiovascular side effects of,

455

hepatic disease and,

450

insomnia and,

482

respiratory disease and,

457

serotonin syndrome and,

144

Treatment

. See also Adherence; Behavioral interventions; Cognitive-behavioral therapy; Electroconvulsive therapy; Family therapy; Group therapy; Management; Pharmacology; Psychotherapy

of anxiety symptoms,

226–227, 229

assessment and recommendations for,

61–62, 67

of autoimmune encephalitis,

154–155

of catatonia,

130, 136–137

of depression,

197–198

of factitious disorder imposed on another,

319–320

for pain,

274, 276

of pediatric acute-onset neuropsychiatric syndrome,

158–159

role of consultant and,

11–12

of serotonin syndrome,

145

of somatic symptom and related disorders,

249, 252–259

Treatment Recommendations for the Use of Antipsychotics for Aggressive Youth (TRAAY),

470

Tremor, and delirium,

101

Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs)

. See also Trazodone

for anxiety and depression,

475

cardiac disease and,

455, 456

clinical use at lower doses for pediatric patients,

478

drug-drug interactions and,

448

insomnia and,

482

pain management and,

291, 294

renal disease and,

453

Tryptophan, and serotonin syndrome,

144

Tumors, and episodes of depression and mania,

189. See also Brain tumors; Cancer

Understanding, assessment of in child and parent,

53

United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS),

324

U.S. National Library of Medicine,

484

Universality, and developmental concept of death,

364

“Unspecified” diagnosis, as DSM-5 disorder category,

58

Uridine glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs), and drug-drug interactions,

446–447

Valproic acid,

471

Vanderbilt Assessment for Delirium in Infants and Children,

105, 108–109

Vapocoolant spray,

300

Venlafaxine

anxiety and,

474

depression and,

478

pain management and,

287, 295

renal disease and,

454

Verbal descriptor scale,

270, 271

Vertical stressors, and family life cycle,

414, 417

Video-electroencephalographic monitoring, of seizures,

249

Video surveillance, and factitious disorder imposed on another,

318

Virtual reality, and preparation for procedures,

496

Visual analog scale,

271, 272

Visual imagery techniques, and hypnosis,

507–508

Visuospatial impairment, and delirium,

100

Voltage-gated potassium channel (VGKC) antibody encephalitis,

152

Waiver, of privilege,

86–87

Weight loss or gain, and depression,

167

Withdrawal, from substance or alcohol use/abuse

delirium and,

117, 118–121, 122

target symptom approach to psychopharmacology for,

444

Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome,

455

Working relationship, of family with pediatric team,

429–431

Written consent, for treatment of child,

74

Zaleplon,

451, 481

Ziprasidone,

470, 456, 483

Zolpidem,

136, 451, 481

Zonisamide,

298