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Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is characterized by recurrent and persistent thoughts, urges, or images (obsessions) that are experienced, at some time during the disturbance, as intrusive and unwanted and by repetitive behaviors or mental acts (rituals or compulsions) that the person feels compelled to perform to lessen anxiety or discomfort (Rasmussen and Eisen 1989) (see Box 21- for criteria). Many treatments have been attempted for chronic and severe disorders such as OCD, but until recently, OCD was unresponsive to most remedies. Specific psychotherapeutic, pharmacological, and other somatic treatments, however, now have established efficacy for this condition.
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