Valproic Acid and Hypersensitivity Syndrome
Mr. A, a 48-year-old man, had been diagnosed with schizoaffective disorder 30 years previously and had been treated with haloperidol, fluphenazine, promethazine, and biperiden. He was admitted to a psychiatric hospital with schizomanic syndrome and was treated initially with oral haloperidol, fluphenazine, diazepam, clomethiazole, promethazine, biperiden, and vitamins B1 and B6. On day 3, his therapy was switched to prolonged-release oral valproic acid, amisulpride, and lithium; administration of vitamins B1 and B6 was continued.Three weeks after initiation of therapy, Mr. A developed a generalized maculopapular rash with lymphadenopathy and fever (39.1°C); his total WBC count was 14.2 cells/nl, and his levels of transaminases and creatinine were slightly elevated.We discontinued valproic acid and vitamins B1 and B6 after diagnosing a severe adverse drug reaction presenting as hypersensitivity syndrome. We introduced olanzapine with prednisolone (initially 80 mg/day). The skin rash as well as other clinical symptoms (including an intermittently elevated WBC count of 37.9 cells/nl with maximal eosinophilia of 24%) remitted completely in the next week. Therapy with corticosteroids was tapered over 3 weeks. After release from the hospital, Mr. A remained stable over the following 3 months while taking olanzapine, amisulpride, and lithium.A skin patch test performed at 3 months to test for valproate and vitamins B1 and B6 (pure and 30% in distilled water, respectively) gave a positive reading for the valproic acid preparations at 72 hours, while three healthy volunteers were negative for these compounds.
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