Chapter 3.Pathophysiology
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Excerpt
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is defined as “an alteration in brain function, or other evidence of brain pathology, caused by an external force” (Menon et al. 2010, p. 1637), and the immediate pathophysiological responses to injury begin with the initial mechanical deformation of brain parenchyma. However, as is reviewed in this chapter, traumatically induced perturbation of neural tissue induces myriad dynamic structural, metabolic, and physiological events that change over time and vary with injury severity. Understanding the pathophysiology of TBI requires both a microscopic (i.e., cellular and physiological) and a macroscopic (i.e., structural and gross anatomical) approach. This chapter presents such a combined approach, facilitated by use of contemporary neuroimaging methods that capture different aspects of TBI pathophysiology.
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