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Abstract

Objective

The objectives were to quantify psychiatrists’ judgments of the benefits and risks of antipsychotic treatments of patients with schizophrenia and to evaluate how patient adherence history affects these judgments.

Methods

Weights assigned by respondents to risks, benefits, and alternative drug formulations in the treatment of schizophrenia were assessed via a Web-based survey by using a discrete-choice experiment. Respondents in the United States and the United Kingdom chose among alternative scenarios characterized by various levels of improvement in positive symptoms, negative symptoms, social functioning, weight gain, extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS), hyperprolactinemia, and hyperglycemia and by formulation. The effect of patient adherence history on respondents’ judgments was also assessed. Random-parameters logit and bivariate probit models were estimated.

Results

The sample included 394 psychiatrists. Improvement in positive symptoms from “no improvement” to “very much improved” was the most preferred outcome over the range of improvements included and was assigned a relative importance score of 10. Other outcomes, in decreasing order of importance, were improvement in negative symptoms from “no improvement” to “very much improved” (5.2; 95% confidence interval [CI]=4.2–6.2), social functioning from “severe problems” to “mild problems” (4.6, CI=3.8–5.4), no hyperglycemia (1.9, CI=1.5–2.4), <15% weight gain (1.5, CI=.9–2.0), no hyperprolactinemia (1.3, CI=.8–1.6), and no EPS (1.1, CI=.7–1.5). As adherence decreased, formulation became more important than modest efficacy changes and injections were preferred to daily pills (p<.05).

Conclusions

Psychiatrists favored treatments that primarily improve positive symptoms. Choice of formulation became more important as likely adherence declined.

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Information & Authors

Information

Published In

Go to Psychiatric Services
Go to Psychiatric Services

Cover: Girl on a Swing, by Maxfield Parrish. Drawing, oil on paper. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, bequest of Susan Vanderpoel Clark (67.155.3). Image © Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York. Image source: Art Resource. New York.

Psychiatric Services
Pages: 1133 - 1139
PubMed: 24828964

History

Published online: 1 September 2014
Published in print: September 2014

Authors

Details

Michael A. Markowitz, M.D., M.S.P.H.
When this work was done, Dr. Markowitz was with Janssen Scientific Affairs, LLC, Titusville, New Jersey, where Dr. Alphs is affiliated. Dr. Markowitz is now with the CNS Practice Division, UCB Biosciences, Inc., Raleigh, North Carolina (e-mail: [email protected]). Dr. Levitan is with Janssen Research and Development, Titusville, New Jersey. When this work was done, Ms. Mohamed was with the Division of Health Preference Assessment, RTI Health Solutions, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina. Ms. Mohamed is now with Bayer Healthcare Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Whippany, New Jersey. Dr. Johnson is with the Center for Clinical and Genetic Economics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina. Dr. Bridges is with the Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore. Dr. Citrome is with the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, New York Medical College, Valhalla.
Bennett S. Levitan, M.D., Ph.D.
When this work was done, Dr. Markowitz was with Janssen Scientific Affairs, LLC, Titusville, New Jersey, where Dr. Alphs is affiliated. Dr. Markowitz is now with the CNS Practice Division, UCB Biosciences, Inc., Raleigh, North Carolina (e-mail: [email protected]). Dr. Levitan is with Janssen Research and Development, Titusville, New Jersey. When this work was done, Ms. Mohamed was with the Division of Health Preference Assessment, RTI Health Solutions, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina. Ms. Mohamed is now with Bayer Healthcare Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Whippany, New Jersey. Dr. Johnson is with the Center for Clinical and Genetic Economics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina. Dr. Bridges is with the Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore. Dr. Citrome is with the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, New York Medical College, Valhalla.
Ateesha F. Mohamed, M.A.
When this work was done, Dr. Markowitz was with Janssen Scientific Affairs, LLC, Titusville, New Jersey, where Dr. Alphs is affiliated. Dr. Markowitz is now with the CNS Practice Division, UCB Biosciences, Inc., Raleigh, North Carolina (e-mail: [email protected]). Dr. Levitan is with Janssen Research and Development, Titusville, New Jersey. When this work was done, Ms. Mohamed was with the Division of Health Preference Assessment, RTI Health Solutions, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina. Ms. Mohamed is now with Bayer Healthcare Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Whippany, New Jersey. Dr. Johnson is with the Center for Clinical and Genetic Economics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina. Dr. Bridges is with the Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore. Dr. Citrome is with the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, New York Medical College, Valhalla.
F. R. Johnson, Ph.D.
When this work was done, Dr. Markowitz was with Janssen Scientific Affairs, LLC, Titusville, New Jersey, where Dr. Alphs is affiliated. Dr. Markowitz is now with the CNS Practice Division, UCB Biosciences, Inc., Raleigh, North Carolina (e-mail: [email protected]). Dr. Levitan is with Janssen Research and Development, Titusville, New Jersey. When this work was done, Ms. Mohamed was with the Division of Health Preference Assessment, RTI Health Solutions, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina. Ms. Mohamed is now with Bayer Healthcare Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Whippany, New Jersey. Dr. Johnson is with the Center for Clinical and Genetic Economics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina. Dr. Bridges is with the Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore. Dr. Citrome is with the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, New York Medical College, Valhalla.
John F. P. Bridges, Ph.D.
When this work was done, Dr. Markowitz was with Janssen Scientific Affairs, LLC, Titusville, New Jersey, where Dr. Alphs is affiliated. Dr. Markowitz is now with the CNS Practice Division, UCB Biosciences, Inc., Raleigh, North Carolina (e-mail: [email protected]). Dr. Levitan is with Janssen Research and Development, Titusville, New Jersey. When this work was done, Ms. Mohamed was with the Division of Health Preference Assessment, RTI Health Solutions, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina. Ms. Mohamed is now with Bayer Healthcare Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Whippany, New Jersey. Dr. Johnson is with the Center for Clinical and Genetic Economics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina. Dr. Bridges is with the Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore. Dr. Citrome is with the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, New York Medical College, Valhalla.
Larry Alphs, M.D., Ph.D.
When this work was done, Dr. Markowitz was with Janssen Scientific Affairs, LLC, Titusville, New Jersey, where Dr. Alphs is affiliated. Dr. Markowitz is now with the CNS Practice Division, UCB Biosciences, Inc., Raleigh, North Carolina (e-mail: [email protected]). Dr. Levitan is with Janssen Research and Development, Titusville, New Jersey. When this work was done, Ms. Mohamed was with the Division of Health Preference Assessment, RTI Health Solutions, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina. Ms. Mohamed is now with Bayer Healthcare Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Whippany, New Jersey. Dr. Johnson is with the Center for Clinical and Genetic Economics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina. Dr. Bridges is with the Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore. Dr. Citrome is with the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, New York Medical College, Valhalla.
Leslie Citrome, M.D., M.P.H.
When this work was done, Dr. Markowitz was with Janssen Scientific Affairs, LLC, Titusville, New Jersey, where Dr. Alphs is affiliated. Dr. Markowitz is now with the CNS Practice Division, UCB Biosciences, Inc., Raleigh, North Carolina (e-mail: [email protected]). Dr. Levitan is with Janssen Research and Development, Titusville, New Jersey. When this work was done, Ms. Mohamed was with the Division of Health Preference Assessment, RTI Health Solutions, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina. Ms. Mohamed is now with Bayer Healthcare Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Whippany, New Jersey. Dr. Johnson is with the Center for Clinical and Genetic Economics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina. Dr. Bridges is with the Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore. Dr. Citrome is with the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, New York Medical College, Valhalla.

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