Modification of Heritability for Educational Attainment and Fluid Intelligence by Socioeconomic Deprivation in the UK Biobank
Abstract
Objective:
Methods:
Results:
Conclusions:
Characteristic | Combined Cohort (N=362,498) | 1st Quintile (N=72,829) | 2nd Quintile (N=72,843) | 3rd Quintile (N=72,865) | 4th Quintile (N=72,860) | 5th Quintile (N=72,865) | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
N | % | N | % | N | % | N | % | N | % | N | % | |
Female | 195,067 | 53.9 | 38,825 | 53.3 | 39,020 | 53.6 | 39,358 | 54.0 | 39,644 | 54.4 | 37,984 | 52.1 |
College or university graduate | 113,355 | 31.6 | 25,655 | 35.8 | 23,459 | 32.7 | 22,238 | 31.0 | 22,743 | 31.7 | 19,042 | 26.6 |
Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | |
Age (years) | 56.9 | 8.0 | 57.3 | 7.8 | 57.4 | 7.8 | 57.1 | 7.9 | 56.5 | 8.1 | 56.0 | 8.2 |
Year of birth | 1951 | 8.0 | 1951 | 7.8 | 1951 | 7.8 | 1951 | 8.0 | 1952 | 8.1 | 1952 | 8.2 |
Years of education | 13.8 | 5.1 | 14.5 | 4.9 | 14.1 | 5.0 | 13.9 | 5.1 | 13.8 | 5.2 | 13.0 | 5.3 |
Townsend deprivation index | −1.57 | 2.94 | −4.75 | 0.56 | −3.47 | 0.32 | −2.33 | 0.37 | −0.54 | 0.71 | 3.25 | 1.83 |
Fluid intelligence score | 6.22 | 2.10 | 6.42 | 2.03 | 6.31 | 2.05 | 6.24 | 2.07 | 6.30 | 2.12 | 5.91 | 2.20 |
N | % | N | % | N | % | N | % | N | % | N | % | |
Fluid intelligence score questionnaire responders | 131,688 | 36.3 | 23,035 | 31.6 | 26,741 | 36.7 | 26,965 | 37.0 | 28,646 | 39.3 | 26,114 | 35.8 |
Professional qualifications questionnaire responders | 359,094 | 99.1 | 71,796 | 98.6 | 71,751 | 98.5 | 71,767 | 98.5 | 71,817 | 98.6 | 71,528 | 98.2 |
METHODS
UK Biobank Cohort
Genotyping
Genome-Wide Association Studies
SNP Heritability and Genetic Correlation
Polygenic Scores
Gene-Environment Interaction Analyses
Sensitivity Analyses: Resampling of TDI Subgroups With Similar Mean Polygenic Scores
Sample Truncation Bias Due to Stratification on TDI
Collider Bias Due to Pleiotropic Effects
Statistical Analysis
RESULTS
Sensitivity Analyses
DISCUSSION
CONCLUSIONS
Footnotes
Supplementary Material
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