Chapter 30.Pituitary Dysfunction
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Excerpt
While increasing attention is being paid to the health effects of brain injury, the role that pituitary dysfunction may play in patients’ health after traumatic brain injury (TBI) remains underappreciated. Pituitary deficiencies are seen at a high rate in patients who have sustained TBI, with studies reporting chronic pituitary dysfunction in 15%–60% of individuals with TBI (Bondanelli et al. 2004; Kreber et al. 2016; Schneider et al. 2006). Pituitary deficiencies may include adrenal insufficiency (potentially fatal), reproductive hormone abnormalities, growth hormone (GH) deficiency, and centrally mediated thyroid deficiency. Hypopituitarism has impacts on health and quality of life and, if left untreated, is associated with increased mortality as well as morbidity (Jasim et al. 2017; Olsson et al. 2016; Pappachan et al. 2015; Rosén and Bengtsson 1990; Tomlinson et al. 2001; Wexler et al. 2009).
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