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Supportive psychotherapy was described for years as the treatment for individuals whom therapists considered unsuitable for expressive therapies—persons who are difficult to treat or for whom expressive techniques are expected to fail (Rosenthal et al. 1999; Winston et al. 1986). From this perspective, supportive psychotherapy was said to be indicated for people who have 1) a predominance of primitive defenses (e.g., projection and denial); 2) an absence of capacity for mutuality and reciprocity, exemplifying an impairment in object relations; 3) an inability to introspect; 4) an inability to recognize others as separate from oneself; 5) inadequate affect regulation, especially in the form of aggression; 6) somatoform problems; and 7) overwhelming anxiety related to issues of separation or individuation (Buckley 1986; Werman 1984).
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