Neurocognitive Disorders
Excerpt
The neurocognitive disorders diagnostic class of the Diagnostic Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition (DSM-5; American Psychiatric Association 2013) focuses on neurological and medical conditions that impair cognition, produce neuropsychiatric disturbances, and substantively limit an individual’s ability to meet the demands of everyday life in a flexible and adaptive manner. Although some of these conditions (i.e., delirium) compromise neuropsychiatric health transiently, they often are associated with significant morbidity and mortality. In these circumstances, prompt diagnosis and effective treatment reduce medical complications and prevent deaths. Many other neurocognitive disorders (i.e., those due to neurodegenerative conditions), once acquired, are permanent and relentlessly progressive. The moment at which these types of neurocognitive disorders are communicated to patients and their loved ones is life altering. Clinicians therefore owe a debt of responsibility to patients and their families to ensure that neurocognitive dis-order diagnoses made are accurate and treatments rendered thereafter are evidence-informed.
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