Skip to main content

References

Abraham AJ, Knudsen HK, Roman PM: A longitudinal examination of alcohol pharmacotherapy adoption in substance use disorder treatment programs: patterns of sustainability and discontinuation. J Stud Alcohol Drugs 72(4):669–677, 2011
Abramsky T, Watts CH, Garcia-Moreno C, et al: What factors are associated with recent intimate partner violence? Findings from the WHO multi-country study on women’s health and domestic violence. BMC Public Health 11:109, 2011
Acevedo A, Garnick DW, Dunigan R, et al: Performance measures and racial/ethnic disparities in the treatment of substance use disorders. J Stud Alcohol Drugs 76(1):57–67, 2015
Adamson SJ, Heather N, Morton V, Raistrick D; UKATT Research Team: Initial preference for drinking goal in the treatment of alcohol problems: II. Treatment outcomes. Alcohol Alcohol 45(2):136–142, 2010
Adamson SJ, Sellman JD, Foulds JA, et al: A randomized trial of combined citalopram and naltrexone for nonabstinent outpatients with co-occurring alcohol dependence and major depression. J Clin Psychopharmacol 35(2):143–149, 2015
Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality: Methods Guide for Effectiveness and Comparative Effectiveness Reviews. AHRQ Publ No 10(14)-EHC063-EF. Rockville, MD, Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. January 2014. Available at: www.effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/search-for-guides-reviews-and-reports/?pageaction=displayproduct&productid=318. Accessed February 15, 2017.
Ahmadi J, Ahmadi N: A double blind, placebo-controlled study of naltrexone in the treatment of alcohol dependence. German Journal of Psychiatry 5(4):85–89, 2002
Ahmadi J, Babaeebeigi M, Maany I, et al: Naltrexone for alcohol-dependent patients. Ir J Med Sci 173(1):34–37, 2004
Alatalo P, Koivisto H, Puukka K, et al: Biomarkers of liver status in heavy drinkers, moderate drinkers and abstainers. Alcohol Alcohol 44(2):199–203, 2009
Allen JP, Litten RZ: Techniques to enhance compliance with disulfiram. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 16(6):1035–1041, 1992
Al-Otaiba Z, Worden BL, McCrady BS, Epstein EE: Accounting for self-selected drinking goals in the assessment of treatment outcome. Psychol Addict Behav 22(3):439–443, 2008
Alsaad AM, Chaudhry SA, Koren G: First trimester exposure to topiramate and the risk of oral clefts in the offspring: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Reprod Toxicol 53:45–50, 2015
American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. Committee on Health Care for Underserved Women: Committee opinion no. 496: At-risk drinking and alcohol dependence: obstetric and gynecologic implications. Obstet Gynecol 118(2 Pt 1):383–388, 2011
American Psychiatric Association: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th Edition, Text Revision. Washington, DC, American Psychiatric Association, 2000
American Psychiatric Association: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition. Arlington, VA, American Psychiatric Publishing, 2013
American Psychiatric Association: Practice Guidelines for the Psychiatric Evaluation of Adults, 3rd Edition. Arlington, VA, American Psychiatric Association Publishing, 2016
American Society of Addiction Medicine: The ASAM Performance Measures for the Addiction Specialist Physician, 2014. Available at: www.asam.org/docs/default-source/advocacy/performance-measures-for-the-addiction-specialist-physician.pdf?sfvrsn=0. Accessed March 28, 2017.
Andréasson S, Danielsson AK, Wallhed-Finn S: Preferences regarding treatment for alcohol problems. Alcohol Alcohol 48(6):694–699, 2013
Andrews JC, Schünemann HJ, Oxman AD, et al: GRADE guidelines: 15. Going from evidence to recommendation-determinants of a recommendation’s direction and strength. J Clin Epidemiol 66(7):726–735, 2013
Anton RF; COMBINE Study Research Group: Testing combined pharmacotherapies and behavioral interventions for alcohol dependence (the COMBINE study): a pilot feasibility study. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 27(7):1123–1131, 2003
Anton RF, Moak DH, Waid LR, et al: Naltrexone and cognitive behavioral therapy for the treatment of outpatient alcoholics: results of a placebo-controlled trial. Am J Psychiatry 156(11):1758–1764, 1999
Anton RF, Moak DH, Latham PK, et al: Posttreatment results of combining naltrexone with cognitive-behavior therapy for the treatment of alcoholism. J Clin Psychopharmacol 21(1):72–77, 2001
Anton RF, Lieber C, Tabakoff B; CDTect Study Group: Carbohydrate-deficient transferrin and gamma-glutamyltransferase for the detection and monitoring of alcohol use: results from a multisite study. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 26(8):1215–1222, 2002
Anton RF, Moak DH, Latham P, et al: Naltrexone combined with either cognitive behavioral or motivational enhancement therapy for alcohol dependence. J Clin Psychopharmacol 25(4):349–357, 2005
Anton RF, O’Malley SS, Ciraulo DA, et al; COMBINE Study Research Group: Combined pharmacotherapies and behavioral interventions for alcohol dependence: the COMBINE study: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 295(17):2003–2017, 2006
Anton RF, Kranzler H, Breder C, et al: A randomized, multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of the efficacy and safety of aripiprazole for the treatment of alcohol dependence. J Clin Psychopharmacol 28(1):5–12, 2008a
Anton RF, Oroszi G, O’Malley S, et al: An evaluation of mu-opioid receptor (OPRM1) as a predictor of naltrexone response in the treatment of alcohol dependence: results from the Combined Pharmacotherapies and Behavioral Interventions for Alcohol Dependence (COMBINE) study. Arch Gen Psychiatry 65(2):135–144, 2008b
Anton RF, Myrick H, Baros AM, et al: Efficacy of a combination of flumazenil and gabapentin in the treatment of alcohol dependence: relationship to alcohol withdrawal symptoms. J Clin Psychopharmacol 29(4):334–342, 2009
Anton RF, Myrick H, Wright TM, et al: Gabapentin combined with naltrexone for the treatment of alcohol dependence. Am J Psychiatry 168(7):709–717, 2011
Arias AJ, Gelernter J, Gueorguieva R, et al: Pharmacogenetics of naltrexone and disulfiram in alcohol dependent, dually diagnosed veterans. Am J Addict 23(3):288–293, 2014
Ashenhurst JR, Bujarski S, Ray LA: Delta and kappa opioid receptor polymorphisms influence the effects of naltrexone on subjective responses to alcohol. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 103(2):253–259, 2012
Bachhuber MA, Hennessy S, Cunningham CO, Starrels JL: Increasing Benzodiazepine Prescriptions and Overdose Mortality in the United States, 1996-2013. Am J Public Health 106(4):686–688, 2016
Balldin J, Berglund M, Borg S, et al: A 6-month controlled naltrexone study: combined effect with cognitive behavioral therapy in outpatient treatment of alcohol dependence. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 27(7):1142–1149, 2003
Balldin J, Berggren U, Berglund K, et al: Gamma-glutamyltransferase in alcohol use disorders: modification of decision limits in relation to treatment goals? Scand J Clin Lab Invest 70(2):71–74, 2010
Balshem H, Helfand M, Schünemann HJ, et al: GRADE guidelines: 3. Rating the quality of evidence. J Clin Epidemiol 64(4):401–406, 2011
Baltieri DA, De Andrade AG: Acamprosate in alcohol dependence: a randomized controlled efficacy study in a standard clinical setting. J Stud Alcohol 65(1):136–139, 2004
Baltieri DA, Daró FR, Ribeiro PL, de Andrade AG: Comparing topiramate with naltrexone in the treatment of alcohol dependence. Addiction 103(12):2035–2044, 2008
Baltieri DA, Daró FR, Ribeiro PL, Andrade AG: Effects of topiramate or naltrexone on tobacco use among male alcohol-dependent outpatients. Drug Alcohol Depend 105(1–2):33–41, 2009
Barrio P, Gual A: Patient-centered care interventions for the management of alcohol use disorders: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Patient Prefer Adherence 10:1823–1845, 2016
Barrio P, Teixidor L, Ortega L, et al: Patients’ knowledge and attitudes towards regular alcohol urine screening: a survey study. J Addict Med 11(4):300–307, 2017
Batki SL, Pennington DL, Lasher B, et al: Topiramate treatment of alcohol use disorder in veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder: a randomized controlled pilot trial. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 38(8):2169–2177, 2014
Beraha EM, Salemink E, Goudriaan AE, et al: Efficacy and safety of high-dose baclofen for the treatment of alcohol dependence: a multicentre, randomised, double-blind controlled trial. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 26(12):1950–1959, 2016
Berger L, Fisher M, Brondino M, et al: Efficacy of acamprosate for alcohol dependence in a family medicine setting in the United States: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 37(4):668–674, 2013
Berger L, Brondino M, Fisher M, et al: Alcohol use disorder treatment: the association of pretreatment use and the role of drinking goal. J Am Board Fam Med 29(1):37–49, 2016
Bergström JP, Helander A: Clinical characteristics of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (%disialotransferrin) measured by HPLC: sensitivity, specificity, gender effects, and relationship with other alcohol biomarkers. Alcohol Alcohol 43(4):436–441, 2008a
Bergström JP, Helander A: Influence of alcohol use, ethnicity, age, gender, BMI and smoking on the serum transferrin glycoform pattern: implications for use of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) as alcohol biomarker. Clin Chim Acta 388(1–2):59–67, 2008b
Bertholet N, Winter MR, Cheng DM, et al: How accurate are blood (or breath) tests for identifying self-reported heavy drinking among people with alcohol dependence? Alcohol Alcohol 49(4):423–429, 2014
Besson J, Aeby F, Kasas A, et al: Combined efficacy of acamprosate and disulfiram in the treatment of alcoholism: a controlled study. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 22(3):573–579, 1998
Björnsson E, Nordlinder H, Olsson R: Clinical characteristics and prognostic markers in disulfiram-induced liver injury. J Hepatol 44(4):791–797, 2006
Bogenschutz MP, Bhatt S, Bohan J, et al: Coadministration of disulfiram and lorazepam in the treatment of alcohol dependence and co-occurring anxiety disorder: an open-label pilot study. Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse 42(5):490–499, 2016
Book SW, Thomas SE, Randall PK, Randall CL: Paroxetine reduces social anxiety in individuals with a co-occurring alcohol use disorder. J Anxiety Disord 22(2):310–318, 2008
Borges G, Bagge CL, Cherpitel CJ, et al: A meta-analysis of acute use of alcohol and the risk of suicide attempt. Psychol Med 47(5):949–957, 2017
Bouchery EE, Harwood HJ, Sacks JJ, et al: Economic costs of excessive alcohol consumption in the U.S., 2006. Am J Prev Med 41(5):516–524, 2011
Bradley KA, Kivlahan DR: Bringing patient-centered care to patients with alcohol use disorders. JAMA 311(18):1861–1862, 2014
Bradley KA, Lapham GT, Hawkins EJ, et al: Quality concerns with routine alcohol screening in VA clinical settings. J Gen Intern Med 26(3):299–306, 2011
Brady KT, Sonne S, Anton RF, et al: Sertraline in the treatment of co-occurring alcohol dependence and posttraumatic stress disorder. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 29(3):395–401, 2005
Branas CC, Han S, Wiebe DJ: Alcohol use and firearm violence. Epidemiol Rev 38(1):32–45, 2016
Breslow RA, Dong C, White A: Prevalence of alcohol-interactive prescription medication use among current drinkers: United States, 1999 to 2010. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 39(2):371–379, 2015
Brewer C, Wong VS: Naltrexone: report of lack of hepatotoxicity in acute viral hepatitis, with a review of the literature. Addict Biol 9(1):81–87, 2004
Briggs GG, Freeman RK: Drugs in Pregnancy and Lactation: A Reference Guide to Fetal and Neonatal Risk. Philadelphia, PA, Wolters Kluwer/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Health, 2015
Brito JP, Domecq JP, Murad MH, et al: The Endocrine Society guidelines: when the confidence cart goes before the evidence horse. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 98(8):3246–3252, 2013
Brown ES, Carmody TJ, Schmitz JM, et al: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot study of naltrexone in outpatients with bipolar disorder and alcohol dependence. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 33(11):1863–1869, 2009
Buchanan A, Binder R, Norko M, Swartz M: American Psychiatric Association resource document on psychiatric violence risk assessment. Washington, DC, American Psychiatric Association, 2011. Available at: www.psychiatry.org/File%20Library/Psychiatrists/Directories/Library-and-Archive/resource_documents/rd2011_violencerisk.pdf. Accessed March 22, 2017.
Bujarski S, O’Malley SS, Lunny K, Ray LA: The effects of drinking goal on treatment outcome for alcoholism. J Consult Clin Psychol 81(1):13–22, 2013
Burns E, Gray R, Smith LA: Brief screening questionnaires to identify problem drinking during pregnancy: a systematic review. Addiction 105(4):601–614, 2010
Bush K, Kivlahan DR, McDonell MB, et al: The AUDIT alcohol consumption questions (AUDIT-C): an effective brief screening test for problem drinking: Ambulatory Care Quality Improvement Project (ACQUIP) Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test. Arch Intern Med 158(16):1789–1795, 1998
Carroll K, Ziedonis D, O’Malley SS, et al: Pharmacologic interventions for alcohol- and cocaine-abusing individuals: A pilot study of disulfiram vs. naltrexone. Am J Addict 2(1):77–79, 1993
Carroll KM, Nich C, Ball SA, et al: One-year follow-up of disulfiram and psychotherapy for cocaine-alcohol users: sustained effects of treatment. Addiction 95(9):1335–1349, 2000
Carroll KM, Nich C, Shi JM, et al: Efficacy of disulfiram and twelve step facilitation in cocaine-dependent individuals maintained on methadone: a randomized placebo-controlled trial. Drug Alcohol Depend 126(1–2):224–231, 2012
Center for Health Policy/Center for Primary Care and Outcomes Research and Battelle Memorial Institute: Quality Indicator Measure Development, Implementation, Maintenance, and Retirement (Prepared by Battelle, under Contract No 290-04-0020). Rockville, MD: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, May 2011. Available at: www.qualityindicators.ahrq.gov/Downloads/Resources/Publications/2011/QI_Measure_Development_Implementation_Maintenance_Retirement_Full_5-3-11.pdf. Accessed April 2, 2017.
Center for Substance Abuse and Treatment: Incorporating Alcohol Pharmacotherapies Into Medical Practice. (Treatment Improvement Protocol [TIP] No 49). Rockville, MD, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA), 2009
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC): Quitting smoking among adults—United States, 2001–2010. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 60(44):1513–1519, 2011
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: Hepatitis C, Acute 2016 Case Definition. Atlanta, GA, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2016. Available at: www.cdc.gov/nndss/conditions/hepatitis-c-acute/case-definition/2016/. Accessed March 31, 2017.
Chang G, McNamara TK, Orav EJ, Wilkins-Haug L: Brief intervention for prenatal alcohol use: the role of drinking goal selection. J Subst Abuse Treat 31(4):419–424, 2006
Chapman C, Slade T, Hunt C, Teesson M: Delay to first treatment contact for alcohol use disorder. Drug Alcohol Depend 147:116–121, 2015
Charlet K, Heinz A: Harm reduction—a systematic review on effects of alcohol reduction on physical and mental symptoms. Addict Biol 22(5):1119–1159, 2017
Charney DA, Heath LM, Zikos E, et al: Poorer drinking outcomes with citalopram treatment for alcohol dependence: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 39(9):1756–1765, 2015
Chavez LJ, Williams EC, Lapham G, Bradley KA: Association between alcohol screening scores and alcohol-related risks among female Veterans Affairs patients. J Stud Alcohol Drugs 73(3):391–400, 2012
Chen AC, Davis CM, Kahler CW, et al: 5-HTTLPR moderates naltrexone and psychosocial treatment responses in heavy drinking men who have sex with men. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 38(9):2362–2368, 2014
Cherpitel CJ: Screening for alcohol problems in the U.S. general population: comparison of the CAGE, RAPS4, and RAPS4-QF by gender, ethnicity, and service utilization: Rapid Alcohol Problems Screen. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 26(11):1686–1691, 2002
Cherpitel CJ, Ye Y, Andreuccetti G, et al: Risk of injury from alcohol, marijuana and other drug use among emergency department patients. Drug Alcohol Depend 174:121–127, 2017
Chick J: Safety issues concerning the use of disulfiram in treating alcohol dependence. Drug Saf 20(5):427–435, 1999
Chick J, Anton R, Checinski K, et al: A multicentre, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of naltrexone in the treatment of alcohol dependence or abuse. Alcohol Alcohol 35(6):587–593, 2000a
Chick J, Howlett H, Morgan MY, Ritson B: United Kingdom Multicentre Acamprosate Study (UKMAS): a 6-month prospective study of acamprosate versus placebo in preventing relapse after withdrawal from alcohol. Alcohol Alcohol 35(2):176–187, 2000b
Chick J, Aschauer H, Hornik K; Investigators’ Group: Efficacy of fluvoxamine in preventing relapse in alcohol dependence: a one-year, double-blind, placebo-controlled multicentre study with analysis by typology. Drug Alcohol Depend 74(1):61–70, 2004
Chou R, Gordon DB, de Leon-Casasola OA, et al: Management of Postoperative Pain: a clinical practice guideline from the American Pain Society, the American Society of Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, and the American Society of Anesthesiologists’ Committee on Regional Anesthesia, Executive Committee, and Administrative Council. J Pain 17(2):131–157, 2016b Correction: Pain 17(4):508–510, 2016
Chou SP, Goldstein RB, Smith SM, et al: The epidemiology of DSM-5 nicotine use disorder: results from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions-III. J Clin Psychiatry 77(10):1404–1412, 2016
Coller JK, Cahill S, Edmonds C, et al: OPRM1 A118G genotype fails to predict the effectiveness of naltrexone treatment for alcohol dependence. Pharmacogenet Genomics 21(12):902–905, 2011
Collins SE, Grazioli VS, Torres NI, et al: Qualitatively and quantitatively evaluating harm-reduction goal setting among chronically homeless individuals with alcohol dependence. Addict Behav 45:184–190, 2015
Compton WM, Dawson DA, Goldstein RB, Grant BF: Crosswalk between DSM-IV dependence and DSM-5 substance use disorders for opioids, cannabis, cocaine and alcohol. Drug Alcohol Depend 132(1–2):387–390, 2013
Conigrave KM, Degenhardt LJ, Whitfield JB, et al; WHO/ISBRA Study Group: CDT, GGT, and AST as markers of alcohol use: the WHO/ISBRA collaborative project. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 26(3):332–339, 2002
Conigrave KM, Davies P, Haber P, Whitfield JB: Traditional markers of excessive alcohol use. Addiction 98(Suppl 2):31–43, 2003
Cornelius JR, Salloum IM, Cornelius MD, et al: Preliminary report: double-blind, placebo-controlled study of fluoxetine in depressed alcoholics. Psychopharmacol Bull 31(2):297–303, 1995
Cornelius JR, Salloum IM, Ehler JG, et al: Fluoxetine in depressed alcoholics: a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Arch Gen Psychiatry 54(8):700–705, 1997
Coskunol H, Gökden O, Ercan ES, et al: Long-term efficacy of sertraline in the prevention of alcoholic relapses in alcohol-dependent patients: a single-center, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study. Current Therapeutic Research 63(11):759–771, 2002
Council of Medical Specialty Societies: Principles for the Development of Specialty Society Clinical Guidelines. Chicago, IL, Council of Medical Specialty Societies, 2012
Croop RS, Faulkner EB, Labriola DF; The Naltrexone Usage Study Group: The safety profile of naltrexone in the treatment of alcoholism: results from a multicenter usage study. Arch Gen Psychiatry 54(12):1130–1135, 1997
Darvishi N, Farhadi M, Haghtalab T, Poorolajal J: Alcohol-related risk of suicidal ideation, suicide attempt, and completed suicide: a meta-analysis. PLoS One 10(5):e0126870, 2015
Dasgupta A: Alcohol biomarkers: an overview, in Alcohol and Its Biomarkers: Clinical Aspects and Laboratory Determination. San Diego, CA, Elsevier, 2015, pp 91–120
Dawson DA, Grant BF, Stinson FS, Chou PS: Estimating the effect of help-seeking on achieving recovery from alcohol dependence. Addiction 101(6):824–834, 2006
Dawson DA, Goldstein RB, Grant BF: Rates and correlates of relapse among individuals in remission from DSM-IV alcohol dependence: a 3-year follow-up. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 31(12):2036–2045, 2007
Dawson DA, Smith SM, Saha TD, et al: Comparative performance of the AUDIT-C in screening for DSM-IV and DSM-5 alcohol use disorders. Drug Alcohol Depend 126(3):384–388, 2012
de Bejczy A, Löf E, Walther L, et al: Varenicline for treatment of alcohol dependence: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 39(11):2189–2199, 2015
De Sousa A, De Sousa A: A one-year pragmatic trial of naltrexone vs disulfiram in the treatment of alcohol dependence. Alcohol Alcohol 39(6):528–531, 2004
De Sousa A, De Sousa A: An open randomized study comparing disulfiram and acamprosate in the treatment of alcohol dependence. Alcohol Alcohol 40(6):545–548, 2005
De Sousa AA, De Sousa J, Kapoor H: An open randomized trial comparing disulfiram and topiramate in the treatment of alcohol dependence. J Subst Abuse Treat 34(4):460–463, 2008
Deady M: A review of screening, assessment and outcome measures for drug and alcohol settings. Woolloomooloo, NSW, Australia, Network of Alcohol and Other Drugs Agencies, 2009. Available at: www.nada.org.au/media/7678/review_of_measures_09.pdf. Accessed March 27, 2017.
Degenhardt L, Larney S, Kimber J, et al: Excess mortality among opioid-using patients treated with oral naltrexone in Australia. Drug Alcohol Rev 34(1):90–96, 2015
Del Fiol G, Huser V, Strasberg HR, et al: Implementations of the HL7 Context-Aware Knowledge Retrieval (“Infobutton”) Standard: challenges, strengths, limitations, and uptake. J Biomed Inform 45(4):726–735, 2012
Delker E, Brown Q, Hasin DS: Alcohol consumption in demographic subpopulations: an epidemiologic overview. Alcohol Res 38(1):7–15, 2016
Dhalla S, Kopec JA: The CAGE questionnaire for alcohol misuse: a review of reliability and validity studies. Clin Invest Med 30(1):33–41, 2007
Dieperink E, Fuller B, Isenhart C, et al: Efficacy of motivational enhancement therapy on alcohol use disorders in patients with chronic hepatitis C: a randomized controlled trial. Addiction 109(11):1869–1877, 2014
Djulbegovic B, Trikalinos TA, Roback J, et al: Impact of quality of evidence on the strength of recommendations: an empirical study. BMC Health Serv Res 9:120, 2009
do Amaral RA, Malbergier A: Effectiveness of the CAGE questionnaire, gamma-glutamyltransferase and mean corpuscular volume of red blood cells as markers for alcohol-related problems in the workplace. Addict Behav 33(6):772–781, 2008
Donovan DM, Kivlahan DR, Doyle SR, et al: Concurrent validity of the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) and AUDIT zones in defining levels of severity among out-patients with alcohol dependence in the COMBINE study. Addiction 101(12):1696–1704, 2006
Donovan DM, Anton RF, Miller WR, et al; COMBINE Study Research Group: Combined pharmacotherapies and behavioral interventions for alcohol dependence (The COMBINE Study): examination of posttreatment drinking outcomes. J Stud Alcohol Drugs 69(1):5–13, 2008 18080059
Drake RE, Essock SM, Shaner A, et al: Implementing dual-diagnosis services for clients with severe mental illness. Psychiatr Serv 52(4):469–476, 2001 11274491
Drake R, Skinner J, Goldman HH: What explains the diffusion of treatments for mental illness? Am J Psychiatry 165(11):1385–1392, 2008
Dundon W, Lynch KG, Pettinati HM, Lipkin C: Treatment outcomes in type A and B alcohol dependence 6 months after serotonergic pharmacotherapy. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 28(7):1065–1073, 2004
Dunlap LJ, Zarkin GA, Bray JW, et al: Revisiting the cost-effectiveness of the COMBINE study for alcohol dependent patients: the patient perspective. Med Care 48(4):306–313, 2010
Dunn KE, Strain EC: Pretreatment alcohol drinking goals are associated with treatment outcomes. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 37(10):1745–1752, 2013
Durand MA, Carpenter L, Dolan H, et al: Do interventions designed to support shared decision-making reduce health inequalities? A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 9(4):e94670, 2014
Epstein EE, McCrady BS: A Cognitive-Behavioral Treatment Program for Overcoming Alcohol Problems. Oxford, UK, Oxford University Press, 2009
Erol A, Karpyak VM: Sex and gender-related differences in alcohol use and its consequences: contemporary knowledge and future research considerations. Drug Alcohol Depend 156:1–13, 2015
Evoy KE, Morrison MD, Saklad SR: Abuse and misuse of pregabalin and gabapentin. Drugs 77(4):403–426, 2017
Ewing JA: Detecting alcoholism: the CAGE questionnaire. JAMA 252(14):1905–1907, 1984
FDA-NIH Biomarker Working Group: BEST (Biomarkers, EndpointS, and other Tools) Resource. Silver Spring, MD, U.S. Food and Drug Administration; Bethesda, MD, National Institutes of Health, 2016. Available at: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK326791/. Accessed March 8, 2017.
Feinn R, Tennen H, Kranzler HR: Psychometric properties of the short index of problems as a measure of recent alcohol-related problems. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 27(9):1436–1441, 2003
Fernandes-Taylor S, Harris AH: Comparing alternative specifications of quality measures: access to pharmacotherapy for alcohol use disorders. J Subst Abuse Treat 42(1):102–107, 2012
Ferri M, Amato L, Davoli M: Alcoholics Anonymous and other 12-step programmes for alcohol dependence. Cochrane Database Syst Rev (3):CD005032, 2006
Flórez G, García-Portilla P, Alvarez S, et al: Using topiramate or naltrexone for the treatment of alcohol-dependent patients. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 32(7):1251–1259, 2008
Flórez G, Saiz PA, García-Portilla P, et al: Topiramate for the treatment of alcohol dependence: comparison with naltrexone. Eur Addict Res 17(1):29–36, 2011
Foa EB, Williams MT: Methodology of a randomized double-blind clinical trial for comorbid posttraumatic stress disorder and alcohol dependence. Ment Health Subst Use 3(2):131–147, 2010
Foa EB, Yusko DA, McLean CP, et al: Concurrent naltrexone and prolonged exposure therapy for patients with comorbid alcohol dependence and PTSD: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA 310(5):488–495, 2013
Fogaça MN, Santos-Galduróz RF, Eserian JK, Galduróz JC: The effects of polyunsaturated fatty acids in alcohol dependence treatment—a double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot study. BMC Clin Pharmacol 11:10, 2011
Forcehimes AA, Tonigan JS, Miller WR, et al: Psychometrics of the Drinker Inventory of Consequences (DrInC). Addict Behav 32(8):1699–1704, 2007
Forest Pharmaceuticals: CAMPRAL® (acamprosate calcium) [package insert], 2005. Available at: www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2010/021431s013lbl.pdf. Accessed April 3, 2017.
Fortney JC, Unützer J, Wrenn G, et al: A tipping point for measurement-based care. Psychiatr Serv 68(2):179–188, 2017
Foulds JA, Adamson SJ, Boden JM, et al: Depression in patients with alcohol use disorders: systematic review and meta-analysis of outcomes for independent and substance-induced disorders. J Affect Disord 185:47–59, 2015
Fridberg DJ, Cao D, Grant JE, King AC: Naltrexone improves quit rates, attenuates smoking urge, and reduces alcohol use in heavy drinking smokers attempting to quit smoking. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 38(10):2622–2629, 2014
Frisoni GB, Di Monda V: Disulfiram neuropathy: a review (1971–1988) and report of a case. Alcohol Alcohol 24(5):429–437, 1989
Fucito LM, Park A, Gulliver SB, et al: Cigarette smoking predicts differential benefit from naltrexone for alcohol dependence. Biol Psychiatry 72(10):832–838, 2012
Fuller RK, Roth HP: Disulfiram for the treatment of alcoholism: an evaluation in 128 men. Ann Intern Med 90(6):901–904, 1979
Fuller RK, Branchey L, Brightwell DR, et al: Disulfiram treatment of alcoholism: a Veterans Administration cooperative study. JAMA 256(11):1449–1455, 1986
Furieri FA, Nakamura-Palacios EM: Gabapentin reduces alcohol consumption and craving: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. J Clin Psychiatry 68(11):1691–1700, 2007
Garbutt JC, Kranzler HR, O’Malley SS, et al; Vivitrex Study Group: Efficacy and tolerability of long-acting injectable naltrexone for alcohol dependence: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 293(13):1617–1625, 2005
Garbutt JC, Kampov-Polevoy AB, Gallop R, et al: Efficacy and safety of baclofen for alcohol dependence: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 34(11):1849–1857, 2010
Gastpar M, Bonnet U, Böning J, et al: Lack of efficacy of naltrexone in the prevention of alcohol relapse: results from a German multicenter study. J Clin Psychopharmacol 22(6):592–598, 2002
Geerlings PJ, Ansoms C, Van Den Brink W: Acamprosate and prevention of relapse in alcoholics: results of a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study in out-patient alcoholics in the Netherlands, Belgium and Luxembourg. Eur Addict Res 3(3):129–137, 1997
Gelernter J, Gueorguieva R, Kranzler HR, et al; VA Cooperative Study #425 Study Group: Opioid receptor gene (OPRM1, OPRK1, and OPRD1) variants and response to naltrexone treatment for alcohol dependence: results from the VA Cooperative Study. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 31(4):555–563, 2007
Glass JE, Bohnert KM, Brown RL: Alcohol screening and intervention among United States adults who attend ambulatory healthcare. J Gen Intern Med 31(7):739–745, 2016
Gough G, Heathers L, Puckett D, et al: The utility of commonly used laboratory tests to screen for excessive alcohol use in clinical practice. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 39(8):1493–1500, 2015
Gowing L, Ali R, White JM: Opioid antagonists with minimal sedation for opioid withdrawal. Cochrane Database Syst Rev (4):CD002021, 2009
Gowing L, Ali R, White JM: Opioid antagonists under heavy sedation or anaesthesia for opioid withdrawal. Cochrane Database Syst Rev (1):CD002022, 2010
Grant BF, Stinson FS, Dawson DA, et al: Prevalence and co-occurrence of substance use disorders and independent mood and anxiety disorders: results from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions. Arch Gen Psychiatry 61(8):807–816, 2004
Grant BF, Goldstein RB, Saha TD, et al: Epidemiology of DSM-5 alcohol use disorder: results from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions III. JAMA Psychiatry 72(8):757–766, 2015
Grant BF, Saha TD, Ruan WJ, et al: Epidemiology of DSM-5 drug use disorder: results from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions-III. JAMA Psychiatry 73(1):39–47, 2016
Greenfield SF, Pettinati HM, O’Malley S, et al: Gender differences in alcohol treatment: an analysis of outcome from the COMBINE study. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 34(10):1803–1812, 2010
Greenhalgh T, Robert G, Macfarlane F, et al: Diffusion of innovations in service organizations: systematic review and recommendations. Milbank Q 82(4):581–629, 2004
Gual A, Lehert P: Acamprosate during and after acute alcohol withdrawal: a double-blind placebo-controlled study in Spain. Alcohol Alcohol 36(5):413–418, 2001
Gual A, Balcells M, Torres M, et al: Sertraline for the prevention of relapse in detoxicated alcohol dependent patients with a comorbid depressive disorder: a randomized controlled trial. Alcohol Alcohol 38(6):619–625, 2003
Guardia J, Caso C, Arias F, et al: A double-blind, placebo-controlled study of naltrexone in the treatment of alcohol-dependence disorder: results from a multicenter clinical trial. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 26(9):1381–1387, 2002
Gueorguieva R, Wu R, Donovan D, et al: Baseline trajectories of drinking moderate acamprosate and naltrexone effects in the COMBINE study. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 35(3):523–531, 2011
Gueorguieva R, Wu R, O’Connor PG, et al: Predictors of abstinence from heavy drinking during treatment in COMBINE and external validation in PREDICT. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 38(10):2647–2656, 2014
Gupta KK, Gupta VK, Shirasaka T: An update on fetal alcohol syndrome—pathogenesis, risks, and treatment. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 40(8):1594–1602, 2016
Guyatt G, Gutterman D, Baumann MH, et al: Grading strength of recommendations and quality of evidence in clinical guidelines: report from an American College of Chest Physicians Task Force. Chest 129(1):174–181, 2006
Guyatt GH, Oxman AD, Kunz R, et al; GRADE Working Group: Going from evidence to recommendations. BMJ 336(7652):1049–1051, 2008
Guyatt G, Eikelboom JW, Akl EA, et al: A guide to GRADE guidelines for the readers of JTH. J Thromb Haemost 11(8):1603–1608, 2013
Hagedorn HJ, Brown R, Dawes M, et al: Enhancing access to alcohol use disorder pharmacotherapy and treatment in primary care settings: ADaPT-PC. Implement Sci 11:64, 2016
Harasymiw J, Bean P: The Early Detection of Alcohol Consumption (EDAC) test shows better performance than gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) to detect heavy drinking in a large population of males and females. Med Sci Monit 13(9):PI19–PI24, 2007
Harris AH, Ellerbe L, Reeder RN, et al: Pharmacotherapy for alcohol dependence: perceived treatment barriers and action strategies among Veterans Health Administration service providers. Psychol Serv 10(4):410–419, 2013
Harris AH, Bowe T, Hagedorn H, et al: Multifaceted academic detailing program to increase pharmacotherapy for alcohol use disorder: interrupted time series evaluation of effectiveness. Addict Sci Clin Pract 11(1):15, 2016
Harris BS, Bishop KC, Kemeny HR, et al: Risk factors for birth defects. Obstet Gynecol Surv 72(2):123–135, 2017
Hartung DM, McCarty D, Fu R, et al: Extended-release naltrexone for alcohol and opioid dependence: a meta-analysis of healthcare utilization studies. J Subst Abuse Treat 47(2):113–121, 2014
Hasin DS, Grant BF: The National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC) Waves 1 and 2: review and summary of findings. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 50(11):1609–1640, 2015
Hasin DS, Goodwin RD, Stinson FS, Grant BF: Epidemiology of major depressive disorder: results from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcoholism and Related Conditions. Arch Gen Psychiatry 62(10):1097–1106, 2005
Hasin DS, O’Brien CP, Auriacombe M, et al: DSM-5 criteria for substance use disorders: recommendations and rationale. Am J Psychiatry 170(8):834–851, 2013
Hauser P, Fuller B, Ho SB, et al: The safety and efficacy of baclofen to reduce alcohol use in veterans with chronic hepatitis C: a randomized controlled trial. Addiction 112(7):1173–1183, 2017
Hazlehurst JM, Armstrong MJ, Sherlock M, et al: A comparative quality assessment of evidence-based clinical guidelines in endocrinology. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 78(2):183–190, 2013
Heinälä P, Alho H, Kiianmaa K, et al: Targeted use of naltrexone without prior detoxification in the treatment of alcohol dependence: a factorial double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. J Clin Psychopharmacol 21(3):287–292, 2001
Helander A, Husa A, Jeppsson JO: Improved HPLC method for carbohydrate-deficient transferrin in serum. Clin Chem 49(11):1881–1890, 2003
Helander A, Olsson I, Dahl H: Postcollection synthesis of ethyl glucuronide by bacteria in urine may cause false identification of alcohol consumption. Clin Chem 53(10):1855–1857, 2007
Hepner KA, Watkins KE, Farmer CM, et al: Quality of care measures for the management of unhealthy alcohol use. J Subst Abuse Treat 76:11–17, 2017
Herbeck DM, Jeter KE, Cousins SJ, et al: Gender differences in treatment and clinical characteristics among patients receiving extended release naltrexone. J Addict Dis 35(4):305–314, 2016
Hien DA, Levin FR, Ruglass LM, et al: Combining seeking safety with sertraline for PTSD and alcohol use disorders: a randomized controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol 83(2):359–369, 2015
Hietala J, Koivisto H, Anttila P, Niemelä O: Comparison of the combined marker GGT-CDT and the conventional laboratory markers of alcohol abuse in heavy drinkers, moderate drinkers and abstainers. Alcohol Alcohol 41(5):528–533, 2006
Higgins ST, Budney AJ, Bickel WK, et al: Disulfiram therapy in patients abusing cocaine and alcohol. Am J Psychiatry 150(4):675–676, 1993
Higuchi S; Japanese Acamprosate Study Group: Efficacy of acamprosate for the treatment of alcohol dependence long after recovery from withdrawal syndrome: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study conducted in Japan (Sunrise Study). J Clin Psychiatry 76(2):181–188, 2015
Hock B, Schwarz M, Domke I, et al: Validity of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (%CDT), gamma-glutamyltransferase (gamma-GT) and mean corpuscular erythrocyte volume (MCV) as biomarkers for chronic alcohol abuse: a study in patients with alcohol dependence and liver disorders of non-alcoholic and alcoholic origin. Addiction 100(10):1477–1486, 2005
Horvitz-Lennon M, Donohue JM, Domino ME, Normand SL: Improving quality and diffusing best practices: the case of schizophrenia. Health Aff (Millwood) 28(3):701–712, 2009
Huang J, Zhu T, Qu Y, Mu D: Prenatal, perinatal and neonatal risk factors for intellectual disability: a systemic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 11(4):e0153655, 2016
Huang MC, Chen CH, Yu JM, Chen CC: A double-blind, placebo-controlled study of naltrexone in the treatment of alcohol dependence in Taiwan. Addict Biol 10(3):289–292, 2005
Humeniuk R, Ali R, Babor TF, et al: Validation of the alcohol, smoking and substance involvement screening test (ASSIST). Addiction 103(6):1039–1047, 2008
Iheanacho T, Issa M, Marienfeld C, Rosenheck R: Use of naltrexone for alcohol use disorders in the Veterans’ Health Administration: a national study. Drug Alcohol Depend 132(1-2):122–126, 2013
Institute of Medicine, Committee on Quality of Health Care in America: Crossing the Quality Chasm: A New Health System for the 21st Century. Washington, DC, National Academies Press, 2001. Available at: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK222274/. Accessed March 28, 2017.
Institute of Medicine: Clinical Practice Guidelines We Can Trust. Washington, DC, National Academies Press, 2011
Ipser JC, Wilson D, Akindipe TO, et al: Pharmacotherapy for anxiety and comorbid alcohol use disorders. Cochrane Database Syst Rev (1):CD007505, 2015
Isaksson A, Walther L, Hansson T, et al: Phosphatidylethanol in blood (B-PEth): a marker for alcohol use and abuse. Drug Test Anal 3(4):195–200, 2011
Iyer SP, Spaeth-Rublee B, Pincus HA: Challenges in the operationalization of mental health quality measures: an assessment of alternatives. Psychiatr Serv 67(10):1057–1059, 2016
Jatlow PI, Agro A, Wu R, et al: Ethyl glucuronide and ethyl sulfate assays in clinical trials, interpretation, and limitations: results of a dose ranging alcohol challenge study and 2 clinical trials. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 38(7):2056–2065, 2014
Jeppsson JO, Arndt T, Schellenberg F, et al; International Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine Working Group on Standardization of Carbohydrate-deficient Transferin (IFCC-WG-CDT): Toward standardization of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) measurements: I. analyte definition and proposal of a candidate reference method. Clin Chem Lab Med 45(4):558–562, 2007
Johnson BA, Ait-Daoud N, Bowden CL, et al: Oral topiramate for treatment of alcohol dependence: a randomised controlled trial. Lancet 361(9370):1677–1685, 2003
Johnson BA, Ait-Daoud N, Akhtar FZ, Ma JZ: Oral topiramate reduces the consequences of drinking and improves the quality of life of alcohol-dependent individuals: a randomized controlled trial. Arch Gen Psychiatry 61(9):905–912, 2004a
Johnson BA, Ait-Daoud N, Aubin HJ, et al: A pilot evaluation of the safety and tolerability of repeat dose administration of long-acting injectable naltrexone (Vivitrex) in patients with alcohol dependence. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 28(9):1356–1361, 2004b
Johnson BA, Rosenthal N, Capece JA, et al; Topiramate for Alcoholism Advisory Board; Topiramate for Alcoholism Study Group: Topiramate for treating alcohol dependence: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 298(14):1641–1651, 2007
Johnson BA, Rosenthal N, Capece JA, et al; Topiramate for Alcoholism Advisory Board; Topiramate for Alcoholism Study Group: Improvement of physical health and quality of life of alcohol-dependent individuals with topiramate treatment: US multisite randomized controlled trial. Arch Intern Med 168(11):1188–1199, 2008
Jonas DE, Garbutt JC, Amick HR, et al: Behavioral counseling after screening for alcohol misuse in primary care: a systematic review and meta-analysis for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. Ann Intern Med 157(9):645–654, 2012a
Jonas DE, Garbutt JC, Brown JM, et al: Screening, Behavioral Counseling, and Referral in Primary Care to Reduce Alcohol Misuse. AHQR Comparative Effectiveness Review No 64. (Prepared by the RTI International-University of North Carolina Evidence-Based Practice Center under Contract No 290-2007-10056-I.) AHRQ Publ No 12-EHC055-EF. Rockville, MD, Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, July 2012b. Available at: www.effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/reports/final.cfm. Accessed March 28, 2017.
Jonas DE, Amick HR, Feltner C, et al: Pharmacotherapy for Adults With Alcohol-Use Disorders in Outpatient Settings. AHRQ Comparative Effectiveness Review No 134. Report No 14-EHC029-EF. Rockville, MD, Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, May 2014. Available at: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK208590/. Accessed March 28, 2017.
Jones AW: Pharmacokinetics of ethanol—issues of forensic importance. Forensic Sci Rev 23(2):91–136, 2011
Jones CM, Paulozzi LJ, Mack KA; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC): Alcohol involvement in opioid pain reliever and benzodiazepine drug abuse-related emergency department visits and drug-related deaths—United States, 2010. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 63(40):881–885, 2014
Jørgensen CH, Pedersen B, Tønnesen H: The efficacy of disulfiram for the treatment of alcohol use disorder. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 35(10):1749–1758, 2011
Kabel DI, Petty F: A placebo-controlled, double-blind study of fluoxetine in severe alcohol dependence: adjunctive pharmacotherapy during and after inpatient treatment. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 20(4):780–784, 1996
Kalk NJ, Lingford-Hughes AR: The clinical pharmacology of acamprosate. Br J Clin Pharmacol 77(2):315–323, 2014
Kampman K, Jarvis M: American Society of Addiction Medicine (ASAM) national practice guideline for the use of medications in the treatment of addiction involving opioid use. J Addict Med 9(5):358–367, 2015
Kampman KM, Pettinati HM, Lynch KG, et al: A double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of topiramate for the treatment of comorbid cocaine and alcohol dependence. Drug Alcohol Depend 133(1):94–99, 2013
Kaner E, Bland M, Cassidy P, et al: Effectiveness of screening and brief alcohol intervention in primary care (SIPS trial): pragmatic cluster randomised controlled trial. BMJ 346:e8501, 2013
Kaskutas LA: Alcoholics anonymous effectiveness: faith meets science. J Addict Dis 28(2):145–157, 2009
Kaskutas LA, Subbaraman MS, Witbrodt J, Zemore SE: Effectiveness of making Alcoholics Anonymous easier: a group format 12-step facilitation approach. J Subst Abuse Treat 37(3):228–239, 2009
Kaufmann CN, Chen LY, Crum RM, Mojtabai R: Treatment seeking and barriers to treatment for alcohol use in persons with alcohol use disorders and comorbid mood or anxiety disorders. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 49(9):1489–1499, 2014
Kelly AT, Mozayani A: An overview of alcohol testing and interpretation in the 21st century. J Pharm Pract 25(1):30–36, 2012
Kelly E, Darke S, Ross J: A review of drug use and driving: epidemiology, impairment, risk factors and risk perceptions. Drug Alcohol Rev 23(3):319–344, 2004
Kelty E, Hulse G: Examination of mortality rates in a retrospective cohort of patients treated with oral or implant naltrexone for problematic opiate use. Addiction 107(10):1817–1824, 2012
Kendler KS, Ohlsson H, Sundquist J, Sundquist K: Alcohol use disorder and mortality across the life-span: a longitudinal cohort and co-relative analysis. JAMA Psychiatry 73(6):575–581, 2016
Kenneson A, Funderburk JS, Maisto SA: Substance use disorders increase the odds of subsequent mood disorders. Drug Alcohol Depend 133(2):338–343, 2013
Kerr-Corrêa F, Igami TZ, Hiroce V, Tucci AM: Patterns of alcohol use between genders: a cross-cultural evaluation. J Affect Disord 102(1–3):265–275, 2007
Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) CKD Work Group: KDIGO 2012 Clinical Practice Guideline for the Evaluation and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease. Kidney Int Suppl 3(1):1–150, 2013
Kiefer F, Jahn H, Tarnaske T, et al: Comparing and combining naltrexone and acamprosate in relapse prevention of alcoholism: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Arch Gen Psychiatry 60(1):92–99, 2003
Kiefer F, Andersohn F, Otte C, et al: Long-term effects of pharmacotherapy on relapse prevention in alcohol dependence. Acta Neuropsychiatr 16(5):233–238, 2004
Kiefer F, Helwig H, Tarnaske T, et al: Pharmacological relapse prevention of alcoholism: clinical predictors of outcome. Eur Addict Res 11(2):83–91, 2005
Killeen TK, Brady KT, Gold PB, et al: Effectiveness of naltrexone in a community treatment program. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 28(11):1710–1717, 2004
King AC, Cao D, O’Malley SS, et al: Effects of naltrexone on smoking cessation outcomes and weight gain in nicotine-dependent men and women. J Clin Psychopharmacol 32(5):630–636, 2012
Kim SG, Kim CM, Choi SW, et al: A mu opioid receptor gene polymorphism (A118G) and naltrexone treatment response in adherent Korean alcohol-dependent patients. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 201(4):611–618, 2009 18795264
Kiritzé-Topor P, Huas D, Rosenzweig C, et al: A pragmatic trial of acamprosate in the treatment of alcohol dependence in primary care. Alcohol Alcohol 39(6):520–527, 2004
Knapp CM, Ciraulo DA, Sarid-Segal O, et al: Zonisamide, topiramate, and levetiracetam: efficacy and neuropsychological effects in alcohol use disorders. J Clin Psychopharmacol 35(1):34–42, 2015
Knight JR, Shrier LA, Bravender TD, et al: A new brief screen for adolescent substance abuse. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 153(6):591–596, 1999
Knopman DS, Hartman M: Cognitive effects of high-dose naltrexone in patients with probable Alzheimer’s disease. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 49(11):1321–1322, 1986
Kollmann D, Rasoul-Rockenschaub S, Steiner I, et al: Good outcome after liver transplantation for ALD without a 6 months abstinence rule prior to transplantation including post-transplant CDT monitoring for alcohol relapse assessment—a retrospective study. Transpl Int 29(5):559–567, 2016
Korthuis PT, Lum PJ, Vergara-Rodriguez P, et al; CTN-0055 CHOICES Investigators: Feasibility and safety of extended-release naltrexone treatment of opioid and alcohol use disorder in HIV clinics: a pilot/feasibility randomized trial. Addiction 112(6):1036–1044, 2017
Kosten TR, Wu G, Huang W, et al: Pharmacogenetic randomized trial for cocaine abuse: disulfiram and dopamine beta-hydroxylase. Biol Psychiatry 73(3):219–224, 2013
Kowinski J, Baker S, Carroll KM: Twelve Step Facilitation Therapy Manual: A Clinical Research Guide for Therapists Treating Individuals With Alcohol Abuse and Dependence. NIAAA Project MATCH Monograph Series, Vol 1, DHHS Publ No (ADM) 92-1893. Rockville, MD, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, 1992. Available at: https://pubs.niaaa.nih.gov/publications/ProjectMatch/match01.pdf. Accessed March 28, 2017.
Krampe H, Ehrenreich H: Supervised disulfiram as adjunct to psychotherapy in alcoholism treatment. Curr Pharm Des 16(19):2076–2090, 2010
Kranzler HR, Burleson JA, Korner P, et al: Placebo-controlled trial of fluoxetine as an adjunct to relapse prevention in alcoholics. Am J Psychiatry 152(3):391–397, 1995
Kranzler HR, Burleson JA, Brown J, Babor TF: Fluoxetine treatment seems to reduce the beneficial effects of cognitive-behavioral therapy in type B alcoholics. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 20(9):1534-1541, 1996 8986200
Kranzler HR, Armeli S, Tennen H, et al: Targeted naltrexone for early problem drinkers. J Clin Psychopharmacol 23(3):294–304, 2003
Kranzler HR, Wesson DR, Billot L; DrugAbuse Sciences Naltrexone Depot Study Group: Naltrexone depot for treatment of alcohol dependence: a multicenter, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 28(7):1051–1059, 2004
Kranzler HR, Tennen H, Armeli S, et al: Targeted naltrexone for problem drinkers. J Clin Psychopharmacol 29(4):350–357, 2009
Kranzler HR, Armeli S, Tennen H, et al: A double-blind, randomized trial of sertraline for alcohol dependence: moderation by age of onset [corrected] and 5-hydroxytryptamine transporter-linked promoter region genotype. J Clin Psychopharmacol 31(1):22–30, 2011
Kranzler HR, Feinn R, Armeli S, Tennen H: Comparison of alcoholism subtypes as moderators of the response to sertraline treatment. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 36(3):509–516, 2012a
Kranzler HR, Armeli S, Tennen H: Post-treatment outcomes in a double-blind, randomized trial of sertraline for alcohol dependence. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 36(4):739–744, 2012b
Kranzler HR, Armeli S, Covault J, et al: Variation in OPRM1 moderates the effect of desire to drink on subsequent drinking and its attenuation by naltrexone treatment. Addiction Biol 18(1):193–201, 2013 22784013
Kranzler HR, Covault J, Feinn R, et al: Topiramate treatment for heavy drinkers: moderation by a GRIK1 polymorphism. Am J Psychiatry 171(4):445–452, 2014a
Kranzler HR, Armeli S, Tennen H, Gelernter J, et al: GRIK1 genotype and daily expectations of alcohol's positive effects moderate the reduction of heavy drinking by topiramate. Exp Clin Psychopharmacol 22(6):494–501, 2014b
Kranzler HR, Wetherill R, Feinn R, et al: Posttreatment effects of topiramate treatment for heavy drinking. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 38(12):3017–3023, 2014c
Krupitsky E, Nunes EV, Ling W, et al: Injectable extended-release naltrexone for opioid dependence: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicentre randomised trial. Lancet 377(9776):1506–1513, 2011
Krupitsky E, Zvartau E, Blokhina E, et al: Randomized trial of long-acting sustained-release naltrexone implant vs oral naltrexone or placebo for preventing relapse to opioid dependence. Arch Gen Psychiatry 69(9):973–981, 2012
Krupitsky E, Nunes EV, Ling W, et al: Injectable extended-release naltrexone (XR-NTX) for opioid dependence: long-term safety and effectiveness. Addiction 108(9):1628–1637, 2013
Krystal JH, Cramer JA, Krol WF, et al; Veterans Affairs Naltrexone Cooperative Study 425 Group: Naltrexone in the treatment of alcohol dependence. N Engl J Med 345(24):1734–1739, 2001
Kulkarni RR, Bairy BK: Disulfiram-induced de novo convulsions without alcohol challenge: case series and review of literature. Indian J Psychol Med 37(3):345–348, 2015
Kwo PY, Cohen SM, Lim JK: ACG clinical guideline: evaluation of abnormal liver chemistries. Am J Gastroenterol 112(1):18–35, 2017
Laaksonen E, Koski-Jännes A, Salaspuro M, et al: A randomized, multicentre, open-label, comparative trial of disulfiram, naltrexone and acamprosate in the treatment of alcohol dependence. Alcohol Alcohol 43(1):53–61, 2008
Lai HM, Cleary M, Sitharthan T, Hunt GE: Prevalence of comorbid substance use, anxiety and mood disorders in epidemiological surveys, 1990–2014: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Drug Alcohol Depend 154:1–13, 2015
Laramée P, Leonard S, Buchanan-Hughes A, et al: Risk of all-cause mortality in alcohol-dependent individuals: a systematic literature review and meta-analysis. EBioMedicine 2(10):1394–1404, 2015
Larney S, Gowing L, Mattick RP, et al: A systematic review and meta-analysis of naltrexone implants for the treatment of opioid dependence. Drug Alcohol Rev 33(2):115–128, 2014
Larson EW, Olincy A, Rummans TA, Morse RM: Disulfiram treatment of patients with both alcohol dependence and other psychiatric disorders: a review. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 16(1):125–130, 1992
Latt NC, Jurd S, Houseman J, Wutzke SE: Naltrexone in alcohol dependence: a randomised controlled trial of effectiveness in a standard clinical setting. Med J Aust 176(11):530–534, 2002
Lee A, Tan S, Lim D, et al: Naltrexone in the treatment of male alcoholics—an effectiveness study in Singapore. Drug Alcohol Rev 20(2):193–199, 2001
Lee HS, Mericle AA, Ayalon L, Areán PA: Harm reduction among at-risk elderly drinkers: a site-specific analysis from the multi-site Primary Care Research in Substance Abuse and Mental Health for Elderly (PRISM-E) study. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 24(1):54–60, 2009
Lee WM, Larson AM, Stravitz RT: AASLD position paper: The management of acute liver failure: update 2011. Available at: www.aasld.org/sites/default/files/guideline_documents/alfenhanced.pdf. Accessed March 31, 2017.
Lenz AS, Rosenbaum L, Sheperis D: Meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials of motivational enhancement therapy for reducing substance use. J Addict Offender Couns 37:66–86, 2016
Levounis P, Arnaout B, Marienfeld C (eds): Motivational Interviewing for Clinical Practice. Arlington, VA, American Psychiatric Association Publishing, 2017
Lhuintre JP, Daoust M, Moore ND, et al: Ability of calcium bis acetyl homotaurine, a GABA agonist, to prevent relapse in weaned alcoholics. Lancet 1(8436):1014–1016, 1985
Lhuintre JP, Moore N, Tran G, et al: Acamprosate appears to decrease alcohol intake in weaned alcoholics. Alcohol Alcohol 25(6):613–622, 1990
Liangpunsakul S, Qi R, Crabb DW, Witzmann F: Relationship between alcohol drinking and aspartate aminotransferase:alanine aminotransferase (AST:ALT) ratio, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), and apolipoprotein A1 and B in the U.S. population. J Stud Alcohol Drugs 71(2):249–252, 2010
Lieberman DZ, Cioletti A, Massey SH, et al: Treatment preferences among problem drinkers in primary care. Int J Psychiatry Med 47(3):231–240, 2014
Likhitsathian S, Uttawichai K, Booncharoen H, et al: Topiramate treatment for alcoholic outpatients recently receiving residential treatment programs: a 12-week, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Drug Alcohol Depend 133(2):440–446, 2013
Ling W, Weiss DG, Charuvastra VC, O’Brien CP: Use of disulfiram for alcoholics in methadone maintenance programs: a Veterans Administration cooperative study. Arch Gen Psychiatry 40(8):851–854, 1983
Litten RZ, Bradley AM, Moss HB: Alcohol biomarkers in applied settings: recent advances and future research opportunities. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 34(6):955–967, 2010
Litten RZ, Ryan ML, Fertig JB, et al; NCIG (National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism Clinical Investigations Group) Study Group: A double-blind, placebo-controlled trial assessing the efficacy of varenicline tartrate for alcohol dependence. J Addict Med 7(4):277–286, 2013
Litten RZ, Falk D, Ryan M, Fertig J: Research opportunities for medications to treat alcohol dependence: addressing stakeholders’ needs. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 38(1):27–32, 2014
Litten RZ, Wilford BB, Falk DE, et al: Potential medications for the treatment of alcohol use disorder: an evaluation of clinical efficacy and safety. Subst Abus 37(2):286–298, 2016
LoCastro JS, Youngblood M, Cisler RA, et al: Alcohol treatment effects on secondary nondrinking outcomes and quality of life: the COMBINE study. J Stud Alcohol Drugs 70(2):186–196, 2009
Longabaugh R, Wirtz PW, Gulliver SB, Davidson D: Extended naltrexone and broad spectrum treatment or motivational enhancement therapy. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 206(3):367–376, 2009
Lowe JM, McDonell MG, Leickly E, et al: Determining ethyl glucuronide cutoffs when detecting self-reported alcohol use in addiction treatment patients. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 39(5):905–910, 2015
Lucey MR, Silverman BL, Illeperuma A, O’Brien CP: Hepatic safety of once-monthly injectable extended-release naltrexone administered to actively drinking alcoholics. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 32(3):498–504, 2008
Ma JZ, Ait-Daoud N, Johnson BA: Topiramate reduces the harm of excessive drinking: implications for public health and primary care. Addiction 101(11):1561–1568, 2006
Maenhout TM, Poll A, Vermassen T, et al; ROAD Study Group: Usefulness of indirect alcohol biomarkers for predicting recidivism of drunk-driving among previously convicted drunk-driving offenders: results from the recidivism of alcohol-impaired driving (ROAD) study. Addiction 109(1):71–78, 2014
Maisel NC, Blodgett JC, Wilbourne PL, et al: Meta-analysis of naltrexone and acamprosate for treating alcohol use disorders: when are these medications most helpful? Addiction 108(2):275–293, 2013
Makoul G, Clayman ML: An integrative model of shared decision making in medical encounters. Patient Educ Couns 60(3):301–312, 2006
Malcolm R, O’Neil PM, Sexauer JD, et al: A controlled trial of naltrexone in obese humans. Int J Obes 9(5):347–353, 1985
Mann K, Lemenager T, Hoffmann S, et al; PREDICT Study Team: Results of a double-blind, placebo-controlled pharmacotherapy trial in alcoholism conducted in Germany and comparison with the US COMBINE study. Addict Biol 18(6):937–946, 2013
Mannelli P, Peindl K, Patkar AA, et al: Problem drinking and low-dose naltrexone-assisted opioid detoxification. J Stud Alcohol Drugs 72(3):507–513, 2011
Mannelli P, Peindl KS, Lee T, et al: Buprenorphine-mediated transition from opioid agonist to antagonist treatment: state of the art and new perspectives. Curr Drug Abuse Rev 5(1):52–63, 2012
Marienfeld C, Iheanacho T, Issa M, Rosenheck RA: Long-acting injectable depot naltrexone use in the Veterans’ Health Administration: a national study. Addict Behav 39(2):434–438, 2014
Mark TL, Kassed CA, Vandivort-Warren R, et al: Alcohol and opioid dependence medications: prescription trends, overall and by physician specialty. Drug Alcohol Depend 99(1–3):345–349, 2009
Mark TL, Lubran R, McCance-Katz EF, et al: Medicaid coverage of medications to treat alcohol and opioid dependence. J Subst Abuse Treat 55:1–5, 2015
Marques P, Tippetts S, Allen J, et al: Estimating driver risk using alcohol biomarkers, interlock blood alcohol concentration tests and psychometric assessments: initial descriptives. Addiction 105(2):226–239, 2010
Martin GW, Rehm J: The effectiveness of psychosocial modalities in the treatment of alcohol problems in adults: a review of the evidence. Can J Psychiatry 57(6):350–358, 2012
Martinotti G, Di Nicola M, De Vita O, Hatzigiakoumis DS, et al: Low-dose topiramate in alcohol dependence: a single-blind, placebo-controlled study. J Clin Psychopharmacol 34(6)709–715, 2014
Martins SS, Gorelick DA: Conditional substance abuse and dependence by diagnosis of mood or anxiety disorder or schizophrenia in the U.S. population. Drug Alcohol Depend 119(1–2):28–36, 2011
Mason BJ, Kocsis JH, Ritvo EC, Cutler RB: A double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of desipramine for primary alcohol dependence stratified on the presence or absence of major depression. JAMA 275(10):761–767, 1996
Mason BJ, Goodman AM, Chabac S, Lehert P: Effect of oral acamprosate on abstinence in patients with alcohol dependence in a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial: the role of patient motivation. J Psychiatr Res 40(5):383–393, 2006
Mason BJ, Quello S, Goodell V, et al: Gabapentin treatment for alcohol dependence: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Intern Med 174(1):70–77, 2014
Mattick RP, Breen C, Kimber J, Davoli M: Buprenorphine maintenance versus placebo or methadone maintenance for opioid dependence. Cochrane Database Syst Rev Feb 6;(2):CD002207, 2014
McCance-Katz EF, Gruber VA, Beatty G, et al: Interaction of disulfiram with antiretroviral medications: efavirenz increases while atazanavir decreases disulfiram effect on enzymes of alcohol metabolism. Am J Addict 23(2):137–144, 2014
McCaul ME, Wand GS, Eissenberg T, et al: Naltrexone alters subjective and psychomotor responses to alcohol in heavy drinking subjects. Neuropsychopharmacology 22(5):480–492, 2000a
McCaul ME, Wand GS, Rohde C, Lee SM: Serum 6-beta-naltrexol levels are related to alcohol responses in heavy drinkers. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 24(9):1385–1391, 2000b
McConchie RD, Panitz DR, Sauber SR, Shapiro S: Disulfiram-induced de novo seizures in the absence of ethanol challenge. J Stud Alcohol 44(4):739–743, 1983
McDonell MG, Skalisky J, Leickly E, et al: Using ethyl glucuronide in urine to detect light and heavy drinking in alcohol dependent outpatients. Drug Alcohol Depend 157:184–187, 2015
McDonell MG, Leickly E, McPherson S, et al: A randomized controlled trial of ethyl glucuronide-based contingency management for outpatients with co-occurring alcohol use disorders and serious mental illness. Am J Psychiatry 174(4):370–377, 2017
McGrath PJ, Nunes EV, Stewart JW, et al: Imipramine treatment of alcoholics with primary depression: a placebo-controlled clinical trial. Arch Gen Psychiatry 53(3):232–240, 1996
McLean CP, Su YJ, Foa EB: Posttraumatic stress disorder and alcohol dependence: does order of onset make a difference? J Anxiety Disord 28(8):894–901, 2014
Mersfelder TL, Nichols WH: Gabapentin: abuse, dependence, and withdrawal. Ann Pharmacother 50(3):229–233, 2016
Meyer A, Wapp M, Strik W, Moggi F: Association between drinking goal and alcohol use one year after residential treatment: a multicenter study. J Addict Dis 33(3):234–242, 2014
Micromedex: Acamprosate. Ann Arbor, MI, Truven Health Analytics, 2017a. Available at: www.micromedexsolutions.com/home/dispatch. Accessed February 7, 2017.
Micromedex: Gabapentin. Ann Arbor, MI, Truven Health Analytics, 2017b. Available at: www.micromedexsolutions.com/home/dispatch. Accessed February 7, 2017.
Micromedex: Naltrexone. Ann Arbor, MI, Truven Health Analytics, 2017c. Available at: www.micromedexsolutions.com/home/dispatch. Accessed February 7, 2017.
Micromedex: Topiramate. Ann Arbor, MI, Truven Health Analytics, 2017d. Available at: www.micromedexsolutions.com/home/dispatch. Accessed February 7, 2017.
Miller PM, Ornstein SM, Nietert PJ, Anton RF: Self-report and biomarker alcohol screening by primary care physicians: the need to translate research into guidelines and practice. Alcohol Alcohol 39(4):325–328, 2004
Miller PM, Thomas SE, Mallin R: Patient attitudes towards self-report and biomarker alcohol screening by primary care physicians. Alcohol Alcohol 41(3):306–310, 2006
Miller WR, Rollnick S: Motivational Interviewing: Helping People Change, 3rd Edition. New York, Guilford, 2013
Miller WR, Zweben A, DiClemente CC, Rychtarik RG: Motivational Enhancement Therapy Manual: A Clinical Research Guide for Therapists Treating Individuals With Alcohol Abuse and Dependence. Project MATCH Monograph Series, Vol 2. NIH Publ No 94-3723. Rockville, MD, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, 1994. Available at: https://pubs.niaaa.nih.gov/publications/ProjectMatch/match02.pdf. Accessed February 4, 2017.
Miller WR, Tonigan JS, Longabaugh R: The Drinker Inventory of Consequences (DrInC): An Instrument for Assessing Adverse Consequences of Alcohol Abuse: Test Manual. Project MATCH Monograph Series, Vol 4. NIH Publ No 95-3911. Rockville, MD, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, 1995
Minozzi S, Amato L, Vecchi S, et al: Oral naltrexone maintenance treatment for opioid dependence. Cochrane Database Syst Rev (4):CD001333, 2011
Mitchell AA, Gilboa SM, Werler MM, et al; National Birth Defects Prevention Study: Medication use during pregnancy, with particular focus on prescription drugs: 1976–2008. Am J Obstet Gynecol 205(1):51.e1–51.e8, 2011
Mitchell AJ, Meader N, Bird V, Rizzo M: Clinical recognition and recording of alcohol disorders by clinicians in primary and secondary care: meta-analysis. Br J Psychiatry 201:93–100, 2012
Mitchell JE, Morley JE, Levine AS, et al: High-dose naltrexone therapy and dietary counseling for obesity. Biol Psychiatry 22(1):35–42, 1987
Mitchell MC, Memisoglu A, Silverman BL: Hepatic safety of injectable extended-release naltrexone in patients with chronic hepatitis C and HIV infection. J Stud Alcohol Drugs 73(6):991–997, 2012
Moak DH, Anton RF, Latham PK, et al: Sertraline and cognitive behavioral therapy for depressed alcoholics: results of a placebo-controlled trial. J Clin Psychopharmacol 23(6):553–562, 2003
Monroe AK, Lau B, Mugavero MJ, et al: Heavy alcohol use is associated with worse retention in HIV care. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 73(4):419–425, 2016
Monterosso JR, Flannery BA, Pettinati HM, et al: Predicting treatment response to naltrexone: the influence of craving and family history. Am J Addict 10(3):258–268, 2001
Monti PM, Rohsenow DJ, Swift RM, et al: Naltrexone and cue exposure with coping and communication skills training for alcoholics: treatment process and 1-year outcomes. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 25(11):1634–1647, 2001
Moore AA, Giuli L, Gould R, et al: Alcohol use, comorbidity, and mortality. J Am Geriatr Soc 54(5):757–762, 2006
Moos RH, Moos BS: Rates and predictors of relapse after natural and treated remission from alcohol use disorders. Addiction 101(2):212–222, 2006
Morgenstern J, Kuerbis AN, Chen AC, et al: A randomized clinical trial of naltrexone and behavioral therapy for problem drinking men who have sex with men. J Consult Clin Psychol 80(5):863–875, 2012
Morley KC, Teesson M, Reid SC, et al: Naltrexone versus acamprosate in the treatment of alcohol dependence: a multi-centre, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Addiction 101(10):1451–1462, 2006
Morley KC, Teesson M, Sannibale C, et al: Clinical predictors of outcome from an Australian pharmacological relapse prevention trial. Alcohol Alcohol 45(6):520–526, 2010
Morris PL, Hopwood M, Whelan G, et al: Naltrexone for alcohol dependence: a randomized controlled trial. Addiction 96(11):1565–1573, 2001
Mowbray O, Krentzman AR, Bradley JC, et al: The effect of drinking goals at treatment entry on longitudinal alcohol use patterns among adults with alcohol dependence. Drug Alcohol Depend 132(1–2):182–188, 2013
Moyer VA; U.S. Preventive Services Task Force: Screening and behavioral counseling interventions in primary care to reduce alcohol misuse: U.S. preventive services task force recommendation statement. Ann Intern Med 159(3):210–218, 2013
Mundle G, Ackermann K, Mann K: Biological markers as indicators for relapse in alcohol-dependent patients. Addict Biol 4(2):209–214, 1999
Naranjo CA, Bremner KE, Lanctôt KL: Effects of citalopram and a brief psycho-social intervention on alcohol intake, dependence and problems. Addiction 90(1):87–99, 1995
Narayana PL, Gupta AK, Sharma PK: Use of anti-craving agents in soldiers with alcohol dependence syndrome. Med J Armed Forces India 64(4):320–324, 2008
National Collaborating Centre for Mental Health: National Institute for Health & Clinical Excellence. Alcohol Use Disorders: The NICE Guidelines on Diagnosis, Assessment and Management of Harmful Drinking and Alcohol Dependence. The British Psychological Society and The Royal College of Psychiatrists, 2011. Available at: www.nice.org.uk/guidance/cg115/evidence/full-guideline-136423405. Accessed April 3, 2017.
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease: Hepatitis. Bethesda, MD, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, 2017. Available at: www.niaid.nih.gov/diseases-conditions/hepatitis. Accessed March 31, 2017.
National Library of Medicine: LiverTox: Clinical and Research Information on Drug Induced Liver Injury: Acamprosate. Bethesda, MD, National Library of Medicine, 2017a. Available at: https://livertox.nih.gov/Acamprosate.htm. Accessed March 24, 2017.
National Library of Medicine: LiverTox: Clinical and Research Information on Drug-Induced Liver Injury: Acute Hepatitis. Bethesda, MD, National Library of Medicine, 2017b. Available at: https://livertox.nih.gov/Phenotypes_acutehepatitis.html. Accessed March 31, 2017.
National Library of Medicine: LiverTox: Clinical and Research Information on Drug-Induced Liver Injury: Disulfiram. Bethesda, MD, National Library of Medicine, 2017c. Available at: https://livertox.nih.gov/Disulfiram.htm. Accessed March 23, 2017.
National Quality Measures Clearinghouse: Measure Summary: Preventive Care and Screening: Percentage of Patients Aged 18 Years and Older Who Were Screened for Unhealthy Alcohol Use Using a Systematic Screening Method at Least Once Within the Last 24 Months AND Who Received Brief Counseling If Identified as an Unhealthy Alcohol User. Rockville, MD, Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, 2016. Available at: www.qualitymeasures.ahrq.gov/summaries/summary/50213/preventive-care-and-screening-percentage-of-patients-aged-18-years-and-older-who-were-screened-for-unhealthy-alcohol-use-using-a-systematic-screening-method-at-least-once-within-the-last-24-months-and-who-received-brief-counseling-if-identified-as-an-unhealthy?q=Measure+summary+preventive+care+and+screening+. Accessed April 1, 2017.
Nava F, Premi S, Manzato E, Lucchini A: Comparing treatments of alcoholism on craving and biochemical measures of alcohol consumptions. J Psychoactive Drugs 38(3):211–217, 2006
Nehlin C, Fredriksson A, Jansson L: Brief alcohol screening in a clinical psychiatric population: special attention needed. Drug Alcohol Rev 31(4):538–543, 2012
Niemelä O: Biomarker-based approaches for assessing alcohol use disorders. Int J Environ Res Public Health 13(2):166, 2016
Norström T, Rossow I: Alcohol consumption as a risk factor for suicidal behavior: a systematic review of associations at the individual and at the population level. Arch Suicide Res 20(4):489–506, 2016
O’Farrell TJ, Allen JP, Litten RZ: Disulfiram (Antabuse) contracts in treatment of alcoholism. NIDA Res Monogr 150:65–91, 1995
Okuda M, Olfson M, Wang S, et al: Correlates of intimate partner violence perpetration: results from a National Epidemiologic Survey. J Trauma Stress 28(1):49–56, 2015
Oliveto A, Poling J, Mancino MJ, et al: Randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled trial of disulfiram for the treatment of cocaine dependence in methadone-stabilized patients. Drug Alcohol Depend 113(2–3):184–191, 2011
O’Malley SS, O’Connor PG: Medications for unhealthy alcohol use: across the spectrum. Alcohol Res Health 33(4):300–312, 2011
O’Malley SS, Jaffe AJ, Chang G, et al: Naltrexone and coping skills therapy for alcohol dependence: a controlled study. Arch Gen Psychiatry 49(11):881–887, 1992
O’Malley SS, Jaffe AJ, Chang G, et al: Six-month follow-up of naltrexone and psychotherapy for alcohol dependence. Arch Gen Psychiatry 53(3):217–224, 1996
O’Malley SS, Rounsaville BJ, Farren C, et al: Initial and maintenance naltrexone treatment for alcohol dependence using primary care vs specialty care: a nested sequence of 3 randomized trials. Arch Intern Med 163(14):1695–1704, 2003
O’Malley SS, Sinha R, Grilo CM, et al: Naltrexone and cognitive behavioral coping skills therapy for the treatment of alcohol drinking and eating disorder features in alcohol-dependent women: a randomized controlled trial. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 31(4):625–634, 2007
O’Malley SS, Robin RW, Levenson AL, et al: Naltrexone alone and with sertraline for the treatment of alcohol dependence in Alaska natives and non-natives residing in rural settings: a randomized controlled trial. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 32(7):1271–1283, 2008
O’Shea RS, Dasarathy S, McCullough AJ; Practice Guideline Committee of the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases; Practice Parameters Committee of the American College of Gastroenterology: Alcoholic liver disease. Hepatology 51(1):307–328, 2010
Oslin D, Liberto JG, O’Brien J, et al: Naltrexone as an adjunctive treatment for older patients with alcohol dependence. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 5(4):324–332, 1997
Oslin DW, Berrettini W, Kranzler HR, et al: A functional polymorphism of the mu-opioid receptor gene is associated with naltrexone response in alcohol-dependent patients. Neuropsychopharmacology 28(8):1546–1552, 2003
Oslin DW, Lynch KG, Pettinati HM, et al: A placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial of naltrexone in the context of different levels of psychosocial intervention. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 32(7):1299–1308, 2008
Oslin DW, Leong SH, Lynch KG, et al: Naltrexone vs placebo for the treatment of alcohol dependence: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Psychiatry 72(5):430–437, 2015
Paille FM, Guelfi JD, Perkins AC, et al: Double-blind randomized multicentre trial of acamprosate in maintaining abstinence from alcohol. Alcohol Alcohol 30(2):239–247, 1995
Pani PP, Trogu E, Vacca R, et al: Disulfiram for the treatment of cocaine dependence. Cochrane Database Syst Rev (1):CD007024, 2010
Patel MM, Brown JD, Croake S, et al: The current state of behavioral health quality measures: where are the gaps? Psychiatr Serv 66(8):865–871, 2015
Peer K, Rennert L, Lynch KG, et al: Prevalence of DSM-IV and DSM-5 alcohol, cocaine, opioid, and cannabis use disorders in a largely substance dependent sample. Drug Alcohol Depend 127(1–3):215–219, 2013
Pelc I, Le Bon O, Verbanck P, et al: Calcium-acetylhomotaurinate for maintaining abstinence in weaned alcoholic patients: a placebo-controlled double-blind multi-centre study, in Novel Pharmacological Interventions for Alcoholism. Edited by Naranjo CA, Sellers EM. New York, Springer-Verlag, 1992, pp 348–352
Pelc I, Le Bon O, Lehert P, et al: Acamprosate in the treatment of alcohol dependence: a 6-month postdetoxification study, in Acamprosate in Relapse Prevention of Alcoholism. Edited by Soyka M. Berlin, Springer, 1996, pp 133–142
Pelc I, Verbanck P, Le Bon O, et al: Efficacy and safety of acamprosate in the treatment of detoxified alcohol-dependent patients: a 90-day placebo-controlled dose-finding study. Br J Psychiatry 171:73–77, 1997
Petrakis IL, O’Malley S, Rounsaville B, et al; VA Naltrexone Study Collaboration Group: Naltrexone augmentation of neuroleptic treatment in alcohol abusing patients with schizophrenia. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 172(3):291–297, 2004
Petrakis IL, Poling J, Levinson C, et al; VA New England VISN I MIRECC Study Group: Naltrexone and disulfiram in patients with alcohol dependence and comorbid psychiatric disorders. Biol Psychiatry 57(10):1128–1137, 2005
Petrakis IL, Poling J, Levinson C, et al: Naltrexone and disulfiram in patients with alcohol dependence and comorbid post-traumatic stress disorder. Biol Psychiatry 60(7):777–783, 2006
Petrakis I, Ralevski E, Nich C, et al; VA VISN I MIRECC Study Group: Naltrexone and disulfiram in patients with alcohol dependence and current depression. J Clin Psychopharmacol 27(2):160–165, 2007
Petrakis IL, Ralevski E, Desai N, et al: Noradrenergic vs serotonergic antidepressant with or without naltrexone for veterans with PTSD and comorbid alcohol dependence. Neuropsychopharmacology 37(4):996–1004, 2012
Pettinati HM, Volpicelli JR, Kranzler HR et al.: Sertraline treatment for alcohol dependence: interactive effects of medication and alcoholic subtype. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 24(7):1041–1049, 2000 10924008
Pettinati HM, Volpicelli JR, Luck G, et al: Double-blind clinical trial of sertraline treatment for alcohol dependence. J Clin Psychopharmacol 21(2):143–153, 2001
Pettinati HM, Weiss RD, Miller WR, et al: Medical Management Treatment Manual: A Clinical Research Guide for Medically Trained Clinicians Providing Pharmacotherapy as Part of the Treatment for Alcohol Dependence. COMBINE Monograph Series, Vol 2. DHHS Publ No (NIH) 04-5289. Bethesda, MD, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, 2004
Pettinati HM, Kampman KM, Lynch KG, et al: A double blind, placebo-controlled trial that combines disulfiram and naltrexone for treating co-occurring cocaine and alcohol dependence. Addict Behav 33(5):651–667, 2008a
Pettinati HM, Kampman KM, Lynch KG, et al: Gender differences with high-dose naltrexone in patients with co-occurring cocaine and alcohol dependence. J Subst Abuse Treat 34(4):378–390, 2008b
Pettinati HM, Gastfriend DR, Dong Q, et al: Effect of extended-release naltrexone (XR-NTX) on quality of life in alcohol-dependent patients. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 33(2):350–356, 2009
Pettinati HM, Oslin DW, Kampman KM, et al: A double-blind, placebo-controlled trial combining sertraline and naltrexone for treating co-occurring depression and alcohol dependence. Am J Psychiatry 167(6):668–675, 2010
Pfohl DN, Allen JI, Atkinson RL, et al: Naltrexone hydrochloride (Trexan): a review of serum transaminase elevations at high dosage. NIDA Res Monogr 67:66–72, 1986
Piano S, Marchioro L, Gola E, et al: Assessment of alcohol consumption in liver transplant candidates and recipients: the best combination of the tools available. Liver Transpl 20(7):815–822, 2014
Pincus HA, Scholle SH, Spaeth-Rublee B, et al: Quality measures for mental health and substance use: gaps, opportunities, and challenges. Health Aff (Millwood) 35(6):1000–1008, 2016
Poldrugo F: Acamprosate treatment in a long-term community-based alcohol rehabilitation programme. Addiction 92(11):1537–1546, 1997
Ponizovsky AM, Rosca P, Aronovich E, et al: Baclofen as add-on to standard psychosocial treatment for alcohol dependence: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial with 1 year follow-up. J Subst Abuse Treat 52:24–30, 2015
Project MATCH Research Group: Matching alcoholism treatments to client heterogeneity: Project MATCH posttreatment drinking outcomes. J Stud Alcohol 58:7–29, 1997
Project MATCH Research Group: Matching alcoholism treatments to client heterogeneity: Project MATCH three-year drinking outcomes. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 22(6):1300–1311, 1998a
Project MATCH Research Group: Matching alcoholism treatments to client heterogeneity: treatment main effects and matching effects on drinking during treatment. J Stud Alcohol 59(6):631–639, 1998b
Puukka K, Hietala J, Koivisto H, et al: Obesity and the clinical use of serum GGT activity as a marker of heavy drinking. Scand J Clin Lab Invest 67(5):480–488, 2007
Ralevski E, Balachandra K, Gueorguieva R, et al: Effects of naltrexone on cognition in a treatment study of patients with schizophrenia and comorbid alcohol dependence. J Dual Diagn 2(4):53–69, 2006
Ralevski E, Ball S, Nich C, et al: The impact of personality disorders on alcohol-use outcomes in a pharmacotherapy trial for alcohol dependence and comorbid Axis I disorders. Am J Addict 16(6):443–449, 2007
Ralevski E, O’Brien E, Jane JS, et al: Effects of acamprosate on cognition in a treatment study of patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders and comorbid alcohol dependence. J Nerv Ment Dis 199(7):499–505, 2011a
Ralevski E, O’Brien E, Jane JS, et al: Treatment with acamprosate in patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders and comorbid alcohol dependence. J Dual Diagn 7(1–2):64–73, 2011b
Rashad I, Kaestner R: Teenage sex, drugs and alcohol use: problems identifying the cause of risky behaviors. J Health Econ 23(3):493–503, 2004
Rehm J, Samokhvalov AV, Shield KD: Global burden of alcoholic liver diseases. J Hepatol 59(1):160–168, 2013
Rehm J, Gmel GE Sr, Gmel G, et al: The relationship between different dimensions of alcohol use and the burden of disease-an update. Addiction 112(6):968–1001, 2017
Riley EP, Infante MA, Warren KR: Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders: an overview. Neuropsychol Rev 21(2):73–80, 2011
Rising Pharmaceuticals Inc: Disulfiram. Allendale, NJ, Rising Pharmaceuticals, 2016. Available at: www.risingpharma.com/Files/Prescribing-Info/Package%20Insert-Disulfiram%20Tablets-250mg-500mg.pdf. Accessed February 7, 2017.
Roache JD, Kahn R, Newton TF, et al: A double-blind, placebo-controlled assessment of the safety of potential interactions between intravenous cocaine, ethanol, and oral disulfiram. Drug Alcohol Depend 119(1–2):37–45, 2011
Rogers E, Sherman S: Tobacco use screening and treatment by outpatient psychiatrists before and after release of the American Psychiatric Association treatment guidelines for nicotine dependence. Am J Public Health 104(1):90–95, 2014
Rogers WK, Benowitz NL, Wilson KM, Abbott JA: Effect of disulfiram on adrenergic function. Clin Pharmacol Ther 25(4):469–477, 1979
Rohsenow DJ, Colby SM, Monti PM, et al: Predictors of compliance with naltrexone among alcoholics. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 24(10):1542–1549, 2000
Rohsenow DJ, Miranda R Jr, McGeary JE, Monti PM: Family history and antisocial traits moderate naltrexone’s effects on heavy drinking in alcoholics. Exp Clin Psychopharmacol 15(3):272–281, 2007
Rolland B, Paille F, Gillet C, et al: Pharmacotherapy for alcohol dependence: the 2015 recommendations of the French Alcohol Society, issued in partnership with the European Federation of Addiction Societies. CNS Neurosci Ther 22(1):25–37, 2016
Rösner S, Hackl-Herrwerth A, Leucht S, et al: Opioid antagonists for alcohol dependence. Cochrane Database Syst Rev (12):CD001867, 2010
Rothstein E, Clancy DD: Toxicity of disulfiram combined with metronidazole. N Engl J Med 280(18):1006–1007, 1969
Rubinsky AD, Dawson DA, Williams EC, et al: AUDIT-C scores as a scaled marker of mean daily drinking, alcohol use disorder severity, and probability of alcohol dependence in a U.S. general population sample of drinkers. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 37(8):1380–1390, 2013
Rubio G, Jiménez-Arriero MA, Ponce G, Palomo T: Naltrexone versus acamprosate: one year follow-up of alcohol dependence treatment. Alcohol Alcohol 36(5):419–425, 2001
Rubio G, Ponce G, Jiménez-Arriero MA, et al: Polymorphism for mu-opioid receptor (+118) as a prognostic variable of naltrexone in alcohol dependence treatment: Preliminary results. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 12:397, 2002
Rubio G, Martínez-Gras I, Manzanares J: Modulation of impulsivity by topiramate: implications for the treatment of alcohol dependence. J Clin Psychopharmacol 29(6):584–589, 2009
Sachs HC; Committee on Drugs: The transfer of drugs and therapeutics into human breast milk: an update on selected topics. Pediatrics 132(3):e796–e809, 2013
Saitz R, Palfai TP, Cheng DM, et al: Screening and brief intervention for drug use in primary care: the ASPIRE randomized clinical trial. JAMA 312(5):502–513, 2014
Sass H, Soyka M, Mann K, Zieglgänsberger W: Relapse prevention by acamprosate. Results from a placebo-controlled study on alcohol dependence. Arch Gen Psychiatry 53(8):673–680, 1996
Saunders JB, Aasland OG, Babor TF, et al: Development of the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT): WHO Collaborative Project on Early Detection of Persons with Harmful Alcohol Consumption—II. Addiction 88(6):791–804, 1993
Schellenberg F, Wielders J, Anton R, et al: IFCC approved HPLC reference measurement procedure for the alcohol consumption biomarker carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT): its validation and use. Clin Chim Acta 465:91–100, 2017
Schmitz JM, Stotts AL, Sayre SL, et al: Treatment of cocaine-alcohol dependence with naltrexone and relapse prevention therapy. Am J Addict 13(4):333–341, 2004
Schmitz JM, Lindsay JA, Green CE, et al: High-dose naltrexone therapy for cocaine-alcohol dependence. Am J Addict 18(5):356–362, 2009
Seibert J, Fields S, Fullerton CA, et al: Use of quality measures for Medicaid behavioral health services by state agencies: implications for health care reform. Psychiatr Serv 66(6):585–591, 2015
Sennesael J: Acamprosate pharmacokinetic study after a single oral administration of 2 acamprosate tablets (2 × 333 mg) to subjects with normal or impaired renal function, Lipha, France, 1992 (AOTA-CIN IR1-AD 1003 H) (data on file): cited in Saivin S, Hulot T, Chabac S, et al: Clinical pharmacokinetics of acamprosate. Clin Pharmacokinet 35(5):331–345, 1998
Shield KD, Gmel G, Kehoe-Chan T, et al: Mortality and potential years of life lost attributable to alcohol consumption by race and sex in the United States in 2005. PLoS One 8(1):e51923, 2013
Silverman BL; Alkermes, Inc: ALK21-014: efficacy and safety of Medisorb® naltrexone (VIVITROL®) after enforced abstinence, 2011. Available at: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00501631. Accessed March 28 2017.
Skinner MD, Lahmek P, Pham H, Aubin HJ: Disulfiram efficacy in the treatment of alcohol dependence: a meta-analysis. PLoS One 9(2):e87366, 2014
Slade T, Chapman C, Swift W, et al: Birth cohort trends in the global epidemiology of alcohol use and alcohol-related harms in men and women: systematic review and metaregression. BMJ Open 6(10):e011827, 2016a
Slade T, Chiu WT, Glantz M, et al: A cross-national examination of differences in classification of lifetime alcohol use disorder between DSM-IV and DSM-5: findings from the world mental health survey. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 40(8):1728–1736, 2016b
Smith PC, Schmidt SM, Allensworth-Davies D, Saitz R: Primary care validation of a single-question alcohol screening test. J Gen Intern Med 24(7):783–788, 2009
Staufer K, Andresen H, Vettorazzi E, et al: Urinary ethyl glucuronide as a novel screening tool in patients pre- and post-liver transplantation improves detection of alcohol consumption. Hepatology 54(5):1640–1649, 2011
Stewart SH, Koch DG, Willner IR, et al: Validation of blood phosphatidylethanol as an alcohol consumption biomarker in patients with chronic liver disease. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 38(6):1706–1711, 2014
Stoddard J, Zummo J: Oral and long-acting injectable naltrexone: removal of boxed warning for hepatotoxicity. J Clin Psychiatry 76(12):1695, 2015
Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration: The Role of Biomarkers in the Treatment of Alcohol Use Disorders, 2012 Revision. SAMHSA Advisory, Vol 11, Issue 2, 2012. Available at: http://store.samhsa.gov/shin/content/SMA12-4686/SMA12-4686.pdf. Accessed January 30, 2017.
Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration: Results From the 2013 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Summary of National Findings. NSDUH Series H-48, DHHS Publ No (SMA) 14-4863. Rockville, MD, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, 2014
Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration and National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism: Medication for the Treatment of Alcohol Use Disorder: A Brief Guide. DHHS Publ No (SMA) 15-4907. Rockville, MD, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, 2015. Available at: http://store.samhsa.gov/shin/content//SMA15-4907/SMA15-4907.pdf. Accessed March 10, 2017
Sudhinaraset M, Wigglesworth C, Takeuchi DT: Social and cultural contexts of alcohol use: influences in a social-ecological framework. Alcohol Res 38(1):35–45, 2016
Sullivan MA, Bisaga A, Glass A, et al: Opioid use and dropout in patients receiving oral naltrexone with or without single administration of injection naltrexone. Drug Alcohol Depend 147:122–129, 2015
Syed YY, Keating GM: Extended-release intramuscular naltrexone (VIVITROL®: a review of its use in the prevention of relapse to opioid dependence in detoxified patients. CNS Drugs 27(10):851–861, 2013
Sylvia LG, Gold AK, Stange JP, et al: A randomized, placebo-controlled proof-of-concept trial of adjunctive topiramate for alcohol use disorders in bipolar disorder. Am J Addict 25(2):94–98, 2016
Tempesta E, Janiri L, Bignamini A, et al: Acamprosate and relapse prevention in the treatment of alcohol dependence: a placebo-controlled study. Alcohol Alcohol 35(2):202–209, 2000
Tennis P, Chan KA, Curkendall SM, et al: Topiramate use during pregnancy and major congenital malformations in multiple populations. Birth Defects Res A Clin Mol Teratol 103(4):269–275, 2015
Tetrault JM, Tate JP, McGinnis KA, et al; Veterans Aging Cohort Study Team: Hepatic safety and antiretroviral effectiveness in HIV-infected patients receiving naltrexone. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 36(2):318–324, 2012
Thomas CP, Garnick DW, Horgan CM, et al: Establishing the feasibility of measuring performance in use of addiction pharmacotherapy. J Subst Abuse Treat 45(1):11–18, 2013
Thomas SE, Randall PK, Book SW, Randall CL: A complex relationship between co-occurring social anxiety and alcohol use disorders: what effect does treating social anxiety have on drinking? Alcohol Clin Exp Res 32(1):77–84, 2008
Tiet QQ, Mausbach B: Treatments for patients with dual diagnosis: a review. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 31(4):513–536, 2007
Tiihonen J, Ryynänen OP, Kauhanen J, et al: Citalopram in the treatment of alcoholism: a double-blind placebo-controlled study. Pharmacopsychiatry 29(1):27–29, 1996
Timko C, Debenedetti A, Moos BS, Moos RH: Predictors of 16-year mortality among individuals initiating help-seeking for an alcoholic use disorder. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 30(10):1711–1720, 2006
Timko C, Schultz NR, Cucciare MA, et al: Retention in medication-assisted treatment for opiate dependence: A systematic review. J Addict Dis 35(1):22–35, 2016
Tuithof M, ten Have M, van den Brink W, et al: Alcohol consumption and symptoms as predictors for relapse of DSM-5 alcohol use disorder. Drug Alcohol Depend 140:85–91, 2014
Turncliff RZ, Dunbar JL, Dong Q, et al: Pharmacokinetics of long-acting naltrexone in subjects with mild to moderate hepatic impairment. J Clin Pharmacol 45(11):1259–1267, 2005
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism: Helping Patients Who Drink Too Much: A Clinician’s Guide. NIH Publ No 07-3769. Bethesda, MD, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, 2007. Available at: https://pubs.niaaa.nih.gov/publications/Practitioner/CliniciansGuide2005/clinicians_guide.htm. Accessed March 17, 2017.
U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, U.S. Department of Defense: VA/DoD Clinical Practice Guideline for the Management of Substance Use Disorders, Version 3.0. Washington, DC, U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, 2015. Available at: www.healthquality.va.gov/guidelines/MH/sud/VADoDSUDCPGRevised22216.pdf. Accessed April 3, 2017.
U.S. Preventive Services Task Force: Counseling and interventions to prevent tobacco use and tobacco-caused disease in adults and pregnant women: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force reaffirmation recommendation statement. Ann Intern Med 150(8):551–555, 2009
U.S. Preventive Services Task Force: Final Recommendation Statement: Alcohol Misuse: Screening and Behavioral Counseling Interventions in Primary Care. Rockville, MD, U.S. Preventive Services Task Force, May 2013. Available at: www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/Page/Document/RecommendationStatementFinal/alcohol-misuse-screening-and-behavioral-counseling-interventions-in-primary-care. Accessed April 3, 2017.
Vagenas P, Di Paola A, Herme M, et al: An evaluation of hepatic enzyme elevations among HIV-infected released prisoners enrolled in two randomized placebo-controlled trials of extended release naltrexone. J Subst Abuse Treat 47(1):35–40, 2014
Verebey KG, Mulé SJ: Naltrexone (Trexan): a review of hepatotoxicity issues. NIDA Res Monogr 67:73–81, 1986
Vickers AP, Jolly A: Naltrexone and problems in pain management. BMJ 332(7534):132–133, 2006
Viswanathan M, Ansari MT, Berkman ND, et al: Assessing the Risk of Bias of Individual Studies in Systematic Reviews of Health Care Interventions. AHRQ Methods Guide for Comparative Effectiveness Reviews. AHRQ Publ No 12-EHC047-EF. Rockville, MD, Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, March 2012. Available at: https://effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/ehc/products/322/998/MethodsGuideforCERs_Viswanathan_IndividualStudies.pdf. Accessed April 3, 2017.
Volicer L, Nelson KL: Development of reversible hypertension during disulfiram therapy. Arch Intern Med 144(6):1294–1296, 1984
Volpicelli JR, Alterman AI, Hayashida M, O’Brien CP: Naltrexone in the treatment of alcohol dependence. Arch Gen Psychiatry 49(11):876–880, 1992
Volpicelli JR, Clay KL, Watson NT, O’Brien CP: Naltrexone in the treatment of alcoholism: predicting response to naltrexone. J Clin Psychiatry 56(Suppl 7):39–44, 1995
Volpicelli JR, Rhines KC, Rhines JS, et al: Naltrexone and alcohol dependence. Role of subject compliance. Arch Gen Psychiatry 54(8):737–742, 1997
Walsham NE, Sherwood RA: Ethyl glucuronide and ethyl sulfate. Adv Clin Chem 67:47–71, 2014
Walther L, de Bejczy A, Löf E, et al: Phosphatidylethanol is superior to carbohydrate-deficient transferrin and gamma-glutamyltransferase as an alcohol marker and is a reliable estimate of alcohol consumption level. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 39(11):2200–2208, 2015
Watkins K, Horvitz-Lennon M, Caldarone LB, et al: Developing medical record-based performance indicators to measure the quality of mental healthcare. J Healthc Qual 33(1):49–66, quiz 66–67, 2011
Watkins KE, Farmer CM, De Vries D, Hepner KA: The Affordable Care Act: an opportunity for improving care for substance use disorders? Psychiatr Serv 66(3):310–312, 2015
Watkins KE, Smith B, Akincigil A, et al: The quality of medication treatment for mental disorders in the Department of Veterans Affairs and in private-sector plans. Psychiatr Serv 67(4):391–396, 2016
Weston J, Bromley R, Jackson CF, et al: Monotherapy treatment of epilepsy in pregnancy: congenital malformation outcomes in the child. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 11:CD010224, 2016,
Wetterling T, Dibbelt L, Wetterling G, et al: Ethyl glucuronide (EtG): better than breathalyser or self-reports to detect covert short-term relapses into drinking. Alcohol Alcohol 49(1):51–54, 2014
Weykamp C, Wielders JP, Helander A, et al; IFCC Working Group on Standardization of Carbohydrate-Deficient Transferrin (WG-CDT): Toward standardization of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) measurements: III. performance of native serum and serum spiked with disialotransferrin proves that harmonization of CDT assays is possible. Clin Chem Lab Med 51(5):991–996, 2013
White A, Castle IJ, Chen CM, et al: Converging patterns of alcohol use and related outcomes among females and males in the United States, 2002 to 2012. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 39(9):1712–1726, 2015
Whiteford HA, Degenhardt L, Rehm J, et al: Global burden of disease attributable to mental and substance use disorders: findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010. Lancet 382(9904):1575–1586, 2013
Whitfield JB: Gamma glutamyl transferase. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 38(4):263–355, 2001
Whitworth AB, Fischer F, Lesch OM, et al: Comparison of acamprosate and placebo in long-term treatment of alcohol dependence. Lancet 347(9013):1438–1442, 1996
Williams EC, Rubinsky AD, Lapham GT, et al: Prevalence of clinically recognized alcohol and other substance use disorders among VA outpatients with unhealthy alcohol use identified by routine alcohol screening. Drug Alcohol Depend 135:95–103, 2014
Williams EC, Hahn JA, Saitz R, et al: Alcohol use and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection: current knowledge, implications, and future directions. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 40(10):2056–2072, 2016
Williams J, Powell LM, Wechsler H: Does alcohol consumption reduce human capital accumulation? Evidence from the college alcohol study. Appl Econ 35:1227–1239, 2003
Wolaver AM: Effects of heavy drinking in college on study effort, grade point average, and major choice. Contemp Econ Policy 20:415–428, 2002
Wölwer W, Frommann N, Jänner M, et al: The effects of combined acamprosate and integrative behaviour therapy in the outpatient treatment of alcohol dependence: a randomized controlled trial. Drug Alcohol Depend 118(2–3):417–422, 2011
Wurst FM, Thon N, Yegles M, et al: Ethanol metabolites: their role in the assessment of alcohol intake. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 39(11):2060–2072, 2015
Yen MH, Ko HC, Tang FI, et al: Study of hepatotoxicity of naltrexone in the treatment of alcoholism. Alcohol 38(2):117–120, 2006
Yoshimura A, Kimura M, Nakayama H, et al: Efficacy of disulfiram for the treatment of alcohol dependence assessed with a multicenter randomized controlled trial. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 38(2):572–578, 2014
Zandberg LJ, Rosenfield D, McLean CP, et al: Concurrent treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder and alcohol dependence: predictors and moderators of outcome. J Consult Clin Psychol 84(1):43–56, 2016
Zarkin GA, Bray JW, Aldridge A, et al; COMBINE Cost-Effectiveness Research Group: Cost and cost-effectiveness of the COMBINE study in alcohol-dependent patients. Arch Gen Psychiatry 65(10):1214–1221, 2008
Zarkin GA, Bray JW, Aldridge A, et al: The effect of alcohol treatment on social costs of alcohol dependence: results from the COMBINE study. Med Care 48(5):396–401, 2010

Information & Authors

Information

Published In

Go to The American Psychiatric Association Practice Guideline for                     the Pharmacological Treatment of Patients With Alcohol Use                     Disorder
The American Psychiatric Association Practice Guideline for the Pharmacological Treatment of Patients With Alcohol Use Disorder
January 2018
©American Psychiatric Association Publishing

Authors

Metrics & Citations

Metrics

Citations

If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.

For more information or tips please see 'Downloading to a citation manager' in the Help menu.

Format
Citation style
Style
Copy to clipboard

View Options

View options

Login options

Already a subscriber? Access your subscription through your login credentials or your institution for full access to this article.

Personal login Institutional Login Open Athens login

Not a subscriber?

Subscribe Now / Learn More

PsychiatryOnline subscription options offer access to the DSM-5-TR® library, books, journals, CME, and patient resources. This all-in-one virtual library provides psychiatrists and mental health professionals with key resources for diagnosis, treatment, research, and professional development.

Need more help? PsychiatryOnline Customer Service may be reached by emailing [email protected] or by calling 800-368-5777 (in the U.S.) or 703-907-7322 (outside the U.S.).

Media

Figures

Other

Tables

Share

Share

Share article link

Share