Galantamine for the Treatment of Cognitive Impairments in People With Schizophrenia

Objective: People with schizophrenia are characterized by a broad range of cognitive impairments. Despite appropriate treatment with conventional or second-generation antipsychotics, they continue to exhibit pronounced impairments. The current study was designed to examine the efficacy and safety of galantamine, an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor that also acts as an allosteric modulator at the α ₄ β ₂ and α ₇ nicotinic receptors, for the treatment of these impairments. Method: Eighty-six people with schizophrenia were entered into a 12-week double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial. Forty-two subjects were assigned to galantamine and 44 were assigned to placebo. The efficacy of galantamine for cognitive impairments was evaluated with neuropsychological measures of attention, motor speed, processing speed, verbal and visual memory, and working memory. Results: The treatment effect for the overall composite score was not significant, but the heterogeneity of treatment effect analysis was significant. Follow-up analyses revealed that the subjects taking galantamine exhibited significant improvements on the WAIS-III digit symbol and verbal memory measures. In contrast, the subjects taking placebo showed a significant improvement on the GDS distractibility test. The group differences on the WAIS-III digit symbol and GDS distractibility test remained significant after correction for multiple comparisons. There were no significant between-group differences in motor speed or working memory. In general, safety analyses revealed that galantamine was well tolerated. Conclusions: Study results suggest that galantamine may have selective benefits for aspects of processing speed and verbal memory but interferes with practice effects during the performance of an attention task.