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Abstract

Cognitive and olfactory deficits occur in schizophrenia, but little is known whether sex modifies these deficits. We examined the relationship between olfaction and cognition in 55 schizophrenia patients and 32 healthy controls. Patients and controls demonstrated significant differences performing cognitive tasks. In patients, sex modified all relationships of odor identification to cognition. Female patients showed significantly stronger trends than male patients correlating better smell identification with higher scores on intelligence, memory, and attention, whereas their correlations of odor identification with executive functioning contradicted those of male patients. Odor acuity significantly correlated with several cognitive measures, especially in male patients, in whom better acuity was generally associated with better cognition. Female patients again differed significantly from males; odor acuity correlations with cognitive measures were weaker, or contradicted, those of male patients. These findings indicate significant sex differences in olfactory processing in schizophrenia. Combining the sexes in research analyses may obscure important differences.

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Published In

Go to The Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences
Go to The Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences
The Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences
Pages: 165 - 175
PubMed: 22772664

History

Published online: 1 April 2012
Published in print: Spring 2012

Authors

Details

Dolores Malaspina, M.D.
From the New York University School of Medicine, Institute for Social and Psychiatric Initiatives (InSPIRES); The Rockefeller University, New York, NY; and the Columbia University Department of Psychiatry/New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York.
Andreas Keller, Ph.D.
From the New York University School of Medicine, Institute for Social and Psychiatric Initiatives (InSPIRES); The Rockefeller University, New York, NY; and the Columbia University Department of Psychiatry/New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York.
Daniel Antonius, Ph.D.
From the New York University School of Medicine, Institute for Social and Psychiatric Initiatives (InSPIRES); The Rockefeller University, New York, NY; and the Columbia University Department of Psychiatry/New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York.
Julie W. Messinger, M.A.
From the New York University School of Medicine, Institute for Social and Psychiatric Initiatives (InSPIRES); The Rockefeller University, New York, NY; and the Columbia University Department of Psychiatry/New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York.
Deborah M. Goetz, M.P.H.
From the New York University School of Medicine, Institute for Social and Psychiatric Initiatives (InSPIRES); The Rockefeller University, New York, NY; and the Columbia University Department of Psychiatry/New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York.
Jill Harkavy–Friedman, Ph.D.
From the New York University School of Medicine, Institute for Social and Psychiatric Initiatives (InSPIRES); The Rockefeller University, New York, NY; and the Columbia University Department of Psychiatry/New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York.
Raymond R. Goetz, Ph.D.
From the New York University School of Medicine, Institute for Social and Psychiatric Initiatives (InSPIRES); The Rockefeller University, New York, NY; and the Columbia University Department of Psychiatry/New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York.
Susan Harlap, M.B.B.S.
From the New York University School of Medicine, Institute for Social and Psychiatric Initiatives (InSPIRES); The Rockefeller University, New York, NY; and the Columbia University Department of Psychiatry/New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York.

Notes

Correspondence: Dolores Malaspina, M.D., M.S.P.H., Institute for Social and Psychiatric Initiatives, New York University School of Medicine, 500 1st Ave, NBV 22N14, New York, NY 10016. e-mail: [email protected]

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