Semantic Distance Abnormalities in Mild Cognitive Impairment: Their Nature and Relationship to Function
Abstract
Objective
Method
Results
Conclusions
Method
Staging Instruments
Participants
Variable | Healthy Comparison Group (N=70) | Mild Cognitive Impairment Group (N=25) | Alzheimer’s Disease Group (N=27) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
N | % | N | % | N | % | |
Malea | 22 | 31 | 8 | 32 | 17 | 63 |
Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | |
Age (years) | 75.3 | 8.7 | 76.0 | 6.1 | 78.2 | 7.1 |
Education (years) | 15.1 | 3.3 | 14.8 | 3.6 | 14.6 | 3.7 |
Mini-Mental State Examination scoreb | 28.4 | 1.6 | 26.3 | 1.8 | 21.7 | 3.4 |
UPSA scorec (percent) | 84.9 | 9.8 | 74.5 | 10.2 | 57.0 | 13.0 |
Mild cognitive impairment.
Alzheimer’s disease.
Cognitively healthy comparison subjects.
Measures
Neurocognitive Battery.
Semantic distance task.
Test of everyday functional competence.
Procedure
Results
Word Condition
Word accuracy.
Reaction Time | Proportion Correct | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Task | df | F | p | F | p |
Words | |||||
Diagnosis | 2, 119 | 9.88 | 0.0001a | 5.55 | 0.005a |
Distance | 1, 119 | 556.74 | 0.0001 | 198.01 | 0.0001 |
Diagnosis-by-distance interaction | 2, 119 | 6.69 | 0.002 | 3.86 | 0.02 |
Images (congruent) | |||||
Diagnosis | 2, 119 | 4.84 | 0.001b | 5.64 | 0.005a |
Distance | 1, 119 | 200.50 | 0.0001 | 75.60 | 0.0001 |
Diagnosis-by-distance interaction | 2, 119 | 1.78 | 0.17 | 4.71 | 0.01 |
Images (incongruent) | |||||
Diagnosis | 2, 119 | 4.12 | 0.02a | 6.84 | 0.002a |
Distance | 1, 119 | 98.01 | 0.0001 | 109.08 | 0.0001 |
Diagnosis-by-distance interaction | 2, 119 | 0.42 | 0.66 | 3.63 | 0.03 |
Word reaction time.
Image Conditions
Image accuracy.
Image reaction time.
Prediction of Function
Discussion
Semantic Processing
Everyday Functional Competence and Semantic Processing
Limitations
Implications
Summary
Supplementary Material
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