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Letters to the Editor
Published Online: 1 December 2015

Treatment of Compulsive Pornography Use With Naltrexone: A Case Report

To the Editor: Between 30%−50% of U.S. men watch pornography regularly, and only a small subset of viewers develop compulsive use. Compulsive pornography use is characterized by craving, behavioral impulsivity, social or occupational impairment, and higher rates of psychiatric comorbidity (1). In light of two recently published cases (2, 3) suggesting naltrexone, an opioid-receptor antagonist, may reduce the intensity of sexual urges and behaviors associated with nonparaphilic compulsive sexual behavior, we report a case of naltrexone as an adjunct to psychotherapy in a married, employed, heterosexual male veteran in his 30s who sought treatment for problematic Internet pornography viewing. Naltrexone’s effectiveness at reducing sexual urges to masturbate to pornography is largely unexplored.
Mr. D began using pornography regularly at age 13. During the intake interview, he reported compulsive masturbation to pornography for the previous 10 years despite numerous failed attempts to quit; he was viewing Internet pornography nearly daily for approximately 30 minutes. He reported a prior diagnosis of major depressive disorder and had no history of substance misuse, risky sexual behavior, or significant medical problems. He was not taking any prescribed medications.
Mr. D began attending weekly individual cognitive-behavioral therapy delivered by a doctoral-level clinical psychologist. For 18 weeks, he completed daily self-monitoring worksheets assessing urges to view Internet pornography (1=no urge, 7=intense urge) and whether he had viewed and masturbated to pornography. Despite reducing his baseline use of pornography by approximately 70%, Mr. D continued to report frequent sexual urges to masturbate to Internet pornography. Therefore, on the 10th week of treatment, he was prescribed 50 mg/day of naltrexone. Within 2 weeks of initiating medication, he reported subjective decreases in his urges to masturbate to pornography. As shown in Figure 1, during the 9 weeks that he took naltrexone, the intensity of his sexual urges significantly decreased, from a mean rating of 3.71 (SD=1.28) for weeks 1–9 to a mean rating of 2.37 (SD=0.80) for weeks 10–18 (t=6.93, df=124, p<0.0001; Cohen’s d=1.25). He also viewed pornography less often: 17 days in weeks 1–9, compared with 5 days in weeks 10–18 (χ2=7.04, df=1, 125, p<0.01; odds ratio=0.25, 95% CI=0.09–0.73). In addition, he resumed regular, satisfactory sexual intercourse with his wife.
FIGURE 1. Mean Scores of Craving for Pornography and Number of Days Viewed Pornography Each Week Pre- and Post-Naltrexone (50 mg/day)
Our findings suggest that naltrexone may be a useful adjunctive treatment for patients reporting difficulty managing sexual behaviors, such as excessive viewing of Internet pornography. A notable limitation of the current case report is that we did not employ a reversal (A-B-A) design with Mr. D. Additionally, further testing in a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial evaluating the efficacy and tolerability of naltrexone with (or without) psychotherapy for the treatment of problematic pornography viewing and other compulsive sexual behaviors is needed.

Footnote

The content of the letter reflects the views of the authors and not necessarily those of the funding agencies. The funding agencies did not have input into the content of the letter.

References

1.
Kraus SW, Potenza MN, Martino S, et al: Examining the psychometric properties of the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale in a sample of compulsive pornography users. Compr Psychiatry 2015; 59:117–122
2.
Bostwick JM, Bucci JA: Internet sex addiction treated with naltrexone, in Mayo Clinic Proceedings. New York, Elsevier, 2008, pp 226–230
3.
Raymond NC, Grant JE, Coleman E: Augmentation with naltrexone to treat compulsive sexual behavior: a case series. Ann Clin Psychiatry 2010; 22:56–62

Information & Authors

Information

Published In

Go to American Journal of Psychiatry
Go to American Journal of Psychiatry
American Journal of Psychiatry
Pages: 1260 - 1261
PubMed: 26619775

History

Accepted: August 2015
Published online: 1 December 2015
Published in print: December 01, 2015

Authors

Affiliations

Shane W. Kraus, Ph.D.
From the VISN 1 Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Conn.; Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn.; and McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, Mass.
Sarah Meshberg-Cohen, Ph.D.
From the VISN 1 Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Conn.; Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn.; and McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, Mass.
Steve Martino, Ph.D.
From the VISN 1 Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Conn.; Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn.; and McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, Mass.
Lantie J. Quinones, M.D.
From the VISN 1 Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Conn.; Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn.; and McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, Mass.
Marc N. Potenza, M.D., Ph.D.
From the VISN 1 Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Conn.; Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn.; and McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, Mass.

Competing Interests

Dr. Potenza has served as a consultant and adviser for INSYS, Ironwood, Lundbeck, RiverMend Health, and Shire; he has received research support from Mohegan Sun Casino, the National Center for Responsible Gaming, NIH, and Pfizer; he has served as a consultant for gambling and legal entities on issues related to impulse control; he has given academic lectures in grand rounds, CME events, and other clinical or scientific venues; and he has generated books or book chapters for publishers of mental health texts. The other authors report no financial relationships with commercial interests.

Funding Information

Veterans Affairs Administration, VISN 1 Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Centers:
CasaColumbia:
National Center for Responsible Gaming10.13039/100003977: Center of Excellence
Supported by the Veterans Affairs Administration, VISN 1 Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center, CASAColumbia, and the National Center for Responsible Gaming.

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