Prevalence and Correlates of DSM-5 Cannabis Use Disorder, 2012-2013: Findings from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions–III
Abstract
Objective:
Method:
Results:
Conclusions:
Method
Sample
Assessments
Other Psychiatric Disorders
Disability/Impairment
Service Utilization
Statistical Analyses
Results
Prevalence, Onset, and Frequency of Use
Characteristic | Prevalence of Cannabis Use Disorder | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
12-month cannabis use disorder | Any (N=972) | Mild (N=516) | Moderate (N=242) | Severe (N=214) | ||||
% | SE | % | SE | % | SE | % | SE | |
Total | 2.54 | 0.11 | 1.38 | 0.07 | 0.59 | 0.05 | 0.57 | 0.05 |
Sex | ||||||||
Male | 3.5 | 0.19 | 1.9 | 0.12 | 0.8 | 0.08 | 0.8 | 0.10 |
Female | 1.7 | 0.13 | 0.9 | 0.09 | 0.4 | 0.06 | 0.3 | 0.04 |
Race/ethnicity | ||||||||
White | 2.2 | 0.14 | 1.3 | 0.09 | 0.5 | 0.06 | 0.4 | 0.06 |
Black | 4.5 | 0.39 | 2.1 | 0.21 | 1.2 | 0.15 | 1.2 | 0.21 |
Native American | 5.3 | 1.45 | 2.7 | 1.31 | 0.9 | 0.36 | 1.7 | 0.72 |
Asian/Pacific Islander | 1.3 | 0.28 | 0.4 | 0.18 | 0.4 | 0.18 | 0.4 | 0.17 |
Hispanic | 2.6 | 0.21 | 1.2 | 0.16 | 0.7 | 0.13 | 0.7 | 0.12 |
Age (years) | ||||||||
18–29 | 6.9 | 0.40 | 3.5 | 0.27 | 1.7 | 0.18 | 1.6 | 0.17 |
30–44 | 2.5 | 0.21 | 1.4 | 0.16 | 0.5 | 0.09 | 0.6 | 0.11 |
≥45 | 0.8 | 0.07 | 0.5 | 0.05 | 0.2 | 0.03 | 0.1 | 0.04 |
Marital status | ||||||||
Married/cohabiting | 1.3 | 0.10 | 0.7 | 0.07 | 0.3 | 0.05 | 0.3 | 0.06 |
Widowed/separated/divorced | 1.9 | 0.21 | 1.1 | 0.18 | 0.4 | 0.08 | 0.4 | 0.10 |
Never married | 6.4 | 0.36 | 3.3 | 0.26 | 1.6 | 0.17 | 1.4 | 0.14 |
Education | ||||||||
Less than high school | 3.2 | 0.30 | 1.6 | 0.20 | 0.8 | 0.18 | 0.8 | 0.15 |
High school | 3.0 | 0.20 | 1.6 | 0.15 | 0.7 | 0.10 | 0.7 | 0.12 |
Some college or higher | 2.2 | 0.14 | 1.2 | 0.10 | 0.5 | 0.06 | 0.5 | 0.06 |
Family income (dollars) | ||||||||
0–19,999 | 4.9 | 0.30 | 2.5 | 0.19 | 1.1 | 0.14 | 1.3 | 0.15 |
20,000–34,999 | 2.5 | 0.23 | 1.5 | 0.18 | 0.5 | 0.08 | 0.6 | 0.11 |
35,000–69,999 | 2.1 | 0.16 | 1.2 | 0.12 | 0.5 | 0.10 | 0.4 | 0.07 |
≥70,000 | 1.2 | 0.14 | 0.7 | 0.10 | 0.3 | 0.08 | 0.2 | 0.05 |
Urbanicity | ||||||||
Urban | 2.7 | 0.12 | 1.5 | 0.09 | 0.6 | 0.06 | 0.6 | 0.06 |
Rural | 1.8 | 0.21 | 1.0 | 0.13 | 0.4 | 0.08 | 0.5 | 0.11 |
Region | ||||||||
Northeast | 2.7 | 0.26 | 1.3 | 0.17 | 0.8 | 0.17 | 0.6 | 0.11 |
Midwest | 2.3 | 0.23 | 1.2 | 0.17 | 0.5 | 0.08 | 0.6 | 0.14 |
South | 2.3 | 0.20 | 1.2 | 0.12 | 0.5 | 0.08 | 0.5 | 0.09 |
West | 3.1 | 0.22 | 1.8 | 0.14 | 0.7 | 0.10 | 0.6 | 0.09 |
Lifetime cannabis use disorder | Any (N=2,242) | Mild (N=1,002) | Moderate (N=529) | Severe (N=711) | ||||
% | SE | % | SE | % | SE | % | SE | |
Total | 6.27 | 0.23 | 2.85 | 0.13 | 1.42 | 0.10 | 2.00 | 0.10 |
Sex | ||||||||
Male | 8.4 | 0.34 | 3.7 | 0.18 | 1.9 | 0.16 | 2.8 | 0.17 |
Female | 4.3 | 0.23 | 2.1 | 0.15 | 1.0 | 0.10 | 1.3 | 0.10 |
Race/ethnicity | ||||||||
White | 6.7 | 0.30 | 3.2 | 0.17 | 1.5 | 0.14 | 2.0 | 0.14 |
Black | 7.2 | 0.47 | 3.1 | 0.25 | 1.7 | 0.18 | 2.5 | 0.27 |
Native American | 11.5 | 1.84 | 4.9 | 1.33 | 1.7 | 0.58 | 4.9 | 1.12 |
Asian/Pacific Islander | 3.1 | 0.50 | 1.4 | 0.36 | 0.8 | 0.20 | 0.9 | 0.26 |
Hispanic | 4.5 | 0.41 | 1.7 | 0.22 | 1.2 | 0.20 | 1.6 | 0.20 |
Age (years) | ||||||||
18–29 | 11.0 | 0.56 | 4.7 | 0.35 | 2.9 | 0.25 | 3.5 | 0.24 |
30–44 | 7.4 | 0.38 | 3.2 | 0.23 | 1.5 | 0.15 | 2.8 | 0.23 |
≥45 | 3.7 | 0.19 | 2.0 | 0.13 | 0.8 | 0.09 | 1.0 | 0.10 |
% | SE | % | SE | % | SE | % | SE | |
Marital status | ||||||||
Married/cohabiting | 5.0 | 0.23 | 2.3 | 0.16 | 1.0 | 0.09 | 1.7 | 0.12 |
Widowed/separated/divorced | 5.3 | 0.34 | 2.6 | 0.25 | 1.1 | 0.14 | 1.5 | 0.17 |
Never married | 10.4 | 0.45 | 4.4 | 0.29 | 2.8 | 0.23 | 3.2 | 0.19 |
Education | ||||||||
Less than high school | 5.7 | 0.42 | 2.3 | 0.21 | 1.5 | 0.23 | 1.9 | 0.22 |
High school | 7.4 | 0.40 | 3.5 | 0.25 | 1.6 | 0.18 | 2.3 | 0.19 |
Some college or higher | 5.9 | 0.25 | 2.7 | 0.16 | 1.3 | 0.11 | 1.9 | 0.12 |
Family income (dollars) | ||||||||
0–19,999 | 8.5 | 0.45 | 3.6 | 0.27 | 2.1 | 0.21 | 2.8 | 0.22 |
20,000–34,999 | 6.5 | 0.37 | 3.2 | 0.25 | 1.3 | 0.15 | 2.0 | 0.19 |
35,000–69,999 | 6.2 | 0.28 | 2.9 | 0.22 | 1.3 | 0.14 | 2.0 | 0.14 |
≥70,000 | 4.6 | 0.30 | 2.1 | 0.19 | 1.1 | 0.16 | 1.4 | 0.16 |
Urbanicity | ||||||||
Urban | 6.5 | 0.23 | 3.0 | 0.14 | 1.5 | 0.10 | 2.1 | 0.10 |
Rural | 5.5 | 0.47 | 2.4 | 0.26 | 1.2 | 0.19 | 1.8 | 0.22 |
Region | ||||||||
Northeast | 7.0 | 0.45 | 3.0 | 0.34 | 1.5 | 0.24 | 2.5 | 0.19 |
Midwest | 6.5 | 0.37 | 2.9 | 0.26 | 1.4 | 0.15 | 2.3 | 0.21 |
South | 5.3 | 0.49 | 2.5 | 0.24 | 1.3 | 0.20 | 1.5 | 0.19 |
West | 7.0 | 0.34 | 3.3 | 0.22 | 1.6 | 0.17 | 2.1 | 0.15 |
![](/cms/10.1176/appi.ajp.2015.15070907/asset/images/large/appi.ajp.2015.15070907f1.jpeg)
Sociodemographic Characteristics
Adjusted Odds of Cannabis Use Disordera | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Any | Mild | Moderate | Severe | |||||
Characteristic | Odds Ratio | 95% CI | Odds Ratio | 95% CI | Odds Ratio | 95% CI | Odds Ratio | 95% CI |
12-month cannabis use disorder | ||||||||
Sex | ||||||||
Male | 2.2* | 1.84–2.68 | 2.2* | 1.77–2.79 | 1.8* | 1.26–2.51 | 2.8* | 1.99–4.02 |
Femaleb | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | ||||
Race/ethnicity | ||||||||
Whiteb | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | ||||
Black | 1.4* | 1.11–1.79 | 1.1 | 0.88–1.47 | 1.7* | 1.09–2.56 | 2.0* | 1.20–3.30 |
Native American | 2.1* | 1.18–3.67 | 1.7 | 0.66–4.59 | 1.7 | 0.75–3.86 | 3.6* | 1.41–9.36 |
Asian/Pacific Islander | 0.4* | 0.24–0.59 | 0.2* | 0.08–0.46 | 0.6 | 0.27–1.47 | 0.8 | 0.33–1.87 |
Hispanic | 0.7* | 0.52–0.81 | 0.5* | 0.35–0.64 | 0.8 | 0.46–1.40 | 1.1 | 0.69–1.83 |
Age (years) | ||||||||
18–29 | 7.2* | 5.45–9.51 | 6.5* | 4.38–9.59 | 7.1* | 4.58–10.98 | 9.7* | 4.87–19.41 |
30–44 | 3.6* | 2.71–4.75 | 3.5* | 2.40–5.03 | 3.0* | 1.84–4.82 | 4.8* | 2.46–9.36 |
≥45b | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | ||||
Marital status | ||||||||
Married/cohabitingb | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | ||||
Widowed/separated/divorced | 1.8* | 1.30–2.49 | 1.8* | 1.18–2.74 | 1.8 | 0.92–3.39 | 1.8 | 0.93–3.59 |
Never married | 1.8* | 1.48–2.24 | 1.8* | 1.26–2.46 | 2.3* | 1.53–3.52 | 1.5* | 1.01–2.33 |
Education | ||||||||
Less than high school | 1.2 | 0.92–1.60 | 1.2 | 0.83–1.65 | 1.3 | 0.72–2.47 | 1.2 | 0.77–1.93 |
High school | 1.1 | 0.95–1.38 | 1.1 | 0.86–1.46 | 1.2 | 0.80–1.67 | 1.2 | 0.79–1.83 |
Some college or higherb | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | ||||
Family income (dollars) | ||||||||
0–19,999 | 2.5* | 1.89–3.34 | 2.4* | 1.61–3.51 | 2.0* | 1.05–3.79 | 3.7* | 2.00–6.79 |
20,000–34,999 | 1.5* | 1.07–2.06 | 1.6* | 1.06–2.46 | 1.1 | 0.59–1.88 | 1.7 | 0.91–3.35 |
35,000–69,999 | 1.4* | 1.03–1.83 | 1.4 | 0.96–2.06 | 1.4 | 0.71–2.73 | 1.3 | 0.70–2.31 |
≥70,000b | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | ||||
Urbanicity | ||||||||
Urban | 1.2 | 0.92–1.48 | 1.3 | 0.98–1.79 | 1.1 | 0.72–1.63 | 0.9 | 0.54–1.54 |
Ruralb | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | ||||
Region | ||||||||
Northeast | 0.8 | 0.65–1.06 | 0.7* | 0.49–0.90 | 1.1 | 0.64–1.83 | 1.1 | 0.68–1.73 |
Midwest | 0.6* | 0.50–0.84 | 0.5* | 0.39–0.77 | 0.7 | 0.41–1.06 | 1.0 | 0.58–1.72 |
South | 0.6* | 0.48–0.77 | 0.6* | 0.43–0.73 | 0.6* | 0.39–0.96 | 0.8 | 0.46–1.25 |
Westb | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | ||||
Lifetime cannabis use disorder | ||||||||
Sex | ||||||||
Male | 2.1* | 1.84–2.33 | 1.9* | 1.64–2.18 | 2.1* | 1.64–2.57 | 2.4* | 1.93–2.95 |
Femaleb | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | ||||
Race/ethnicity | ||||||||
Whiteb | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | ||||
Black | 0.9 | 0.74–1.09 | 0.8 | 0.64–1.00 | 0.9 | 0.64–1.26 | 1.1 | 0.77–1.43 |
Native American | 1.7* | 1.18–2.38 | 1.5 | 0.87–2.62 | 1.1 | 0.55–2.20 | 2.4* | 1.42–3.94 |
Asian/Pacific Islander | 0.3* | 0.25–0.49 | 0.3* | 0.20–0.58 | 0.4* | 0.22–0.64 | 0.3* | 0.20–0.60 |
Hispanic | 0.4* | 0.37–0.55 | 0.4* | 0.29–0.47 | 0.5* | 0.34–0.79 | 0.5* | 0.39–0.71 |
Age (years) | ||||||||
18–29 | 2.9* | 2.53–3.40 | 2.4* | 1.97–2.96 | 3.3* | 2.41–4.51 | 3.6* | 2.79–4.73 |
30–44 | 2.3* | 1.96–2.62 | 1.9* | 1.50–2.31 | 2.2* | 1.65–2.95 | 3.1* | 2.36–4.01 |
≥45b | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | ||||
Marital status | ||||||||
Married/cohabitingb | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | ||||
Widowed/separated/divorced | 1.2* | 1.02–1.36 | 1.2 | 0.96–1.54 | 1.3 | 1.00–1.79 | 1.0 | 0.79–1.34 |
Never married | 1.2* | 1.07–1.40 | 1.2 | 1.00–1.54 | 1.6* | 1.26–2.05 | 1.0 | 0.79–1.22 |
Education | ||||||||
Less than high school | 1.0 | 0.82–1.16 | 0.9 | 0.73–1.14 | 1.1 | 0.74–1.58 | 1.0 | 0.73–1.31 |
High school | 1.2* | 1.04–1.35 | 1.2* | 1.04–1.48 | 1.1 | 0.89–1.47 | 1.1 | 0.91–1.43 |
Some college or higherb | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | ||||
Family income (dollars) | ||||||||
0–19,999 | 1.7* | 1.46–2.10 | 1.6* | 1.26–2.16 | 1.6* | 1.12–2.34 | 2.0* | 1.43–2.81 |
20,000–34,999 | 1.4* | 1.14–1.65 | 1.5* | 1.19–1.92 | 1.1 | 0.76–1.52 | 1.4 | 1.00–1.97 |
35,000–69,999 | 1.3* | 1.09–1.51 | 1.3* | 1.05–1.69 | 1.1 | 0.79–1.62 | 1.3* | 1.04–1.73 |
≥70,000b | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | ||||
Urbanicity | ||||||||
Urban | 1.2 | 0.98–1.40 | 1.3* | 1.01–1.62 | 1.1 | 0.79–1.48 | 1.1 | 0.85–1.42 |
Ruralb | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | ||||
Region | ||||||||
Northeast | 0.9 | 0.80–1.10 | 0.8 | 0.65–1.10 | 0.9 | 0.60–1.25 | 1.1 | 0.92–1.43 |
Midwest | 0.8* | 0.68–0.92 | 0.7* | 0.58–0.91 | 0.7 | 0.52–1.00 | 1.0 | 0.76–1.21 |
South | 0.7* | 0.53–0.83 | 0.7* | 0.53–0.86 | 0.7 | 0.46–1.03 | 0.6* | 0.47–0.85 |
Westb | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
Comorbidity
Adjusted Odds of Cannabis Use Disordera,b | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Any | Mild | Moderate | Severe | |||||
Comorbid Disorder | Odds Ratio | 95% CI | Odds Ratio | 95% CI | Odds Ratio | 95% CI | Odds Ratio | 95% CI |
12-month cannabis use disorder | ||||||||
Any other substance use disorder | 9.3 | 7.70–11.21 | 7.4 | 5.92–9.34 | 12.2 | 7.76–19.31 | 13.1 | 7.86–21.98 |
Alcohol use disorder | 6.0 | 5.10–6.97 | 5.1 | 4.14–6.27 | 7.7 | 5.06–11.60 | 6.8 | 4.61–10.01 |
Any other drug use disorder | 9.0 | 6.65–12.19 | 6.6 | 4.30–10.01 | 11.5 | 7.18–18.42 | 13.4 | 8.26–21.66 |
Nicotine use disorder | 6.2 | 5.24–7.34 | 4.8 | 3.86–5.97 | 7.3 | 5.11–10.41 | 10.5 | 7.35–15.05 |
Any mood disorder | 3.8 | 3.10–4.56 | 2.8 | 2.21–3.48 | 3.5 | 2.55–4.75 | 8.1 | 5.74–11.40 |
Major depressive disorder | 2.8 | 2.33–3.41 | 2.2 | 1.77–2.84 | 3.1 | 2.29–4.23 | 4.2 | 2.76–6.40 |
Bipolar I | 5.0 | 3.65–6.75 | 3.4 | 2.16–5.47 | 4.1 | 2.29–7.22 | 10.1 | 6.32–16.08 |
Bipolar II | 2.7 | 1.10–6.62 | 2.7c | 0.80–9.46 | 3.4c | 0.74–15.51 | 1.9c | 0.42–8.18 |
Any anxiety disorder | 2.8 | 2.24–3.39 | 2.2 | 1.64–2.93 | 2.9 | 2.02–4.03 | 4.4 | 2.96–6.56 |
Panic disorder | 3.3 | 2.50–4.48 | 2.5 | 1.58–3.84 | 2.8 | 1.60–5.04 | 6.6 | 3.74–11.58 |
Agoraphobia | 2.6 | 1.64–4.06 | 2.4 | 1.44–4.07 | 3.5 | 1.39–9.08 | 2.0 | 1.02–3.97 |
Social phobia | 2.3 | 1.61–3.27 | 1.3c | 0.74–2.21 | 3.5 | 1.96–6.27 | 3.9 | 1.85–8.18 |
Specific phobia | 1.7 | 1.28–2.29 | 1.4c | 0.95–2.16 | 2.2 | 1.28–3.65 | 1.9 | 1.21–3.14 |
Generalized anxiety disorder | 3.7 | 2.79–5.02 | 3.0 | 2.01–4.34 | 3.6 | 2.40–5.50 | 6.3 | 3.43–11.53 |
Posttraumatic stress disorder | 4.3 | 3.26–5.64 | 2.1 | 1.34–3.30 | 6.2 | 3.98–9.59 | 9.5 | 6.18–14.75 |
Any personality disorder | 4.8 | 3.96–5.75 | 4.1 | 3.30–4.99 | 4.4 | 3.01–6.31 | 7.9 | 4.98–12.59 |
Schizotypal | 4.4 | 3.60–5.46 | 3.7 | 2.85–4.90 | 4.0 | 2.82–5.63 | 7.0 | 4.60–10.62 |
Borderline | 5.0 | 4.13–6.10 | 4.0 | 3.13–5.15 | 4.9 | 3.30–7.12 | 8.8 | 5.83–13.41 |
Antisocial | 3.8 | 3.05–4.75 | 3.5 | 2.61–4.62 | 3.9 | 2.44–6.19 | 4.6 | 2.95–7.18 |
Lifetime cannabis use disorder | ||||||||
Any other substance use disorder | 14.5 | 11.95–17.60 | 10.5 | 7.81–14.09 | 19.4 | 13.56–27.72 | 21.9 | 15.24–31.56 |
Alcohol use disorder | 7.8 | 6.95–8.74 | 6.1 | 5.09–7.30 | 9.6 | 7.51–12.31 | 10.1 | 7.88–12.91 |
Any other drug use disorder | 10.0 | 8.56–11.76 | 7.9 | 6.22–10.04 | 9.2 | 7.29–11.69 | 14.6 | 12.01–17.66 |
Nicotine use disorder | 6.6 | 5.79–7.64 | 5.1 | 4.32–6.03 | 7.9 | 6.08–10.25 | 8.9 | 7.25–10.96 |
Any mood disorder | 3.3 | 2.94–3.73 | 2.3 | 1.92–2.67 | 3.4 | 2.67–4.31 | 5.6 | 4.53–6.94 |
Major depressive disorder | 2.6 | 2.26–2.95 | 2.0 | 1.65–2.47 | 2.6 | 2.05–3.33 | 3.6 | 2.97–4.34 |
Bipolar I | 3.8 | 3.10–4.59 | 2.2 | 1.52–3.27 | 4.0 | 2.82–5.80 | 5.9 | 4.53–7.75 |
Bipolar II | 2.8 | 1.51–5.23 | 2.3c | 0.80–6.81 | 3.3 | 1.35–8.24 | 3.1 | 1.34–7.26 |
Any anxiety disorder | 2.9 | 2.54–3.31 | 2.3 | 1.87–2.73 | 3.0 | 2.29–4.05 | 3.9 | 3.16–4.86 |
Panic disorder | 3.2 | 2.66–3.76 | 2.4 | 1.85–3.20 | 3.3 | 2.29–4.72 | 4.3 | 3.18–5.72 |
Agoraphobia | 2.9 | 2.25–3.79 | 2.1 | 1.35–3.24 | 3.9 | 2.35–6.34 | 3.5 | 2.54–4.93 |
Social phobia | 2.7 | 2.22–3.40 | 2.0 | 1.42–2.90 | 2.6 | 1.77–3.96 | 4.0 | 2.85–5.53 |
Specific phobia | 2.1 | 1.73–2.46 | 1.4 | 1.04–1.91 | 2.9 | 2.00–4.07 | 2.6 | 2.01–3.24 |
Generalized anxiety disorder | 3.2 | 2.75–3.74 | 2.5 | 2.01–3.10 | 3.4 | 2.51–4.47 | 4.3 | 3.26–5.64 |
Posttraumatic stress disorder | 3.8 | 3.15–4.67 | 2.4 | 1.81–3.21 | 4.3 | 3.16–5.85 | 6.0 | 4.55–7.88 |
Any personality disorder | 4.7 | 4.18–5.28 | 3.2 | 2.76–3.74 | 4.7 | 3.65–5.95 | 8.0 | 6.34–10.19 |
Schizotypal | 4.0 | 3.46–4.72 | 2.7 | 2.16–3.35 | 4.3 | 3.26–5.60 | 6.2 | 4.84–7.98 |
Borderline | 4.5 | 3.96–5.19 | 3.0 | 2.49–3.53 | 4.6 | 3.52–6.05 | 7.7 | 6.17–9.67 |
Antisocial | 4.7 | 4.07–5.34 | 3.5 | 2.89–4.27 | 4.4 | 3.36–5.71 | 6.7 | 5.26–8.53 |
Disability
Norm-Based Score on SF-12v2 Mental Component | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mental Health | Social Functioning | Role–Emotional Functioning | Mental Component Summary | |||||
Cannabis Use Status | Mean | SE | Mean | SE | Mean | SE | Mean | SE |
No cannabis use disorder | 51.9 | 0.09 | 50.7 | 0.10 | 48.5 | 0.11 | 51.0 | 0.08 |
Cannabis use disorder | ||||||||
Any | 46.7a | 0.46 | 46.8a | 0.52 | 44.3a | 0.55 | 45.3a | 0.50 |
Mild | 48.2a | 0.54 | 48.0a | 0.67 | 45.4a | 0.66 | 46.9a | 0.63 |
Moderate | 46.1a | 0.95 | 46.9a | 0.91 | 44.3a | 0.88 | 44.5a | 0.92 |
Severe | 43.7a | 0.98 | 43.6a | 1.15 | 41.5a | 1.12 | 42.2a | 0.95 |
Number of cannabis use disorder criteria | ||||||||
0 | 51.9 | 0.09 | 50.8 | 0.09 | 48.6 | 0.12 | 51.1 | 0.08 |
1 | 48.8a | 0.51 | 48.3a | 0.47 | 47.2b | 0.45 | 47.7a | 0.49 |
2 | 48.2a | 0.72 | 48.0b | 0.82 | 45.5a | 0.80 | 46.9a | 0.80 |
3 | 48.3a | 0.89 | 48.0a | 0.95 | 45.1a | 0.93 | 46.9a | 0.87 |
4 | 46.4a | 1.06 | 47.0b | 1.11 | 44.7b | 1.18 | 44.8a | 1.03 |
5 | 45.7a | 1.61 | 46.7b | 1.58 | 43.7a | 1.40 | 44.0a | 1.61 |
6 | 44.6b | 2.23 | 44.1b | 2.42 | 43.8c | 2.04 | 44.9a | 1.66 |
7 | 46.5a | 1.31 | 44.3b | 2.06 | 43.3c | 2.23 | 44.5b | 1.80 |
8 | 43.0a | 2.26 | 46.4c | 2.04 | 40.7a | 1.80 | 41.4a | 1.76 |
9 | 38.7a | 2.22 | 40.5b | 3.09 | 39.9a | 1.82 | 37.3a | 2.21 |
10 | 41.7a | 2.44 | 41.0 | 5.30 | 33.9a | 3.47 | 36.9a | 2.77 |
11 | 44.9c | 3.65 | 38.9b | 5.10 | 37.0b | 5.53 | 37.4b | 5.55 |
Service Utilization
Severity of Cannabis Use Disorder | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Any | Mild | Moderate | Severe | |||||
Treatment or Intervention Setting | % | SE | % | SE | % | SE | % | SE |
12-month cannabis use disorder | ||||||||
12-step program | 3.17 | 0.79 | 1.07 | 0.45 | 3.79 | 1.79 | 7.63 | 2.90 |
Family or social services | 0.86 | 0.35 | 0.78 | 0.48 | 0.36 | 0.36 | 1.57 | 1.05 |
Detoxification | 1.04 | 0.55 | 0.27 | 0.27 | 0.15 | 0.15 | 3.80 | 2.30 |
Other inpatient facility | 1.16 | 0.55 | 0.12 | 0.12 | 0.70 | 0.56 | 4.16 | 2.32 |
Outpatient clinic | 1.46 | 0.56 | 0.39 | 0.29 | 0.71 | 0.50 | 4.81 | 2.31 |
Rehabilitation program | 1.51 | 0.59 | 0.54 | 0.39 | 0.68 | 0.47 | 4.70 | 2.37 |
Methadone maintenance | —a | —a | —a | —a | ||||
Emergency department | 0.04 | 0.04 | —a | —a | —a | |||
Halfway house | 0.06 | 0.06 | —a | —a | —a | |||
Crisis center | 0.23 | 0.17 | —a | —a | —a | |||
Employee assistance program | —a | —a | —a | —a | ||||
Clergy | 0.70 | 0.30 | —a | 0.88 | 0.64 | 2.21 | 1.16 | |
Physician or other health care practitioner | 4.83 | 1.24 | 2.96 | 1.53 | 3.73 | 2.42 | 10.50 | 2.80 |
Other treatment or intervention | 0.64 | 0.34 | 0.10 | 0.10 | —a | 2.63 | 1.47 | |
Any treatment or intervention | 7.16 | 1.35 | 4.14 | 1.62 | 5.98 | 2.49 | 15.73 | 3.49 |
Lifetime cannabis use disorder | ||||||||
12-step program | 7.98 | 0.71 | 3.64 | 0.64 | 7.10 | 1.45 | 14.81 | 1.69 |
Family or social services | 1.96 | 0.39 | 0.85 | 0.31 | 1.44 | 0.61 | 3.92 | 0.98 |
Detoxification | 2.66 | 0.42 | 1.00 | 0.33 | 1.87 | 0.73 | 5.58 | 1.05 |
Other inpatient facility | 1.62 | 0.32 | 0.36 | 0.17 | 1.33 | 0.50 | 3.62 | 0.92 |
Outpatient clinic | 3.98 | 0.64 | 1.11 | 0.43 | 3.09 | 1.04 | 8.73 | 1.33 |
Rehabilitation program | 4.98 | 0.56 | 2.17 | 0.55 | 4.53 | 1.19 | 9.32 | 1.30 |
Methadone maintenance | 0.02 | 0.01 | —a | —a | 0.06 | 0.05 | ||
Emergency department | 0.77 | 0.21 | 0.35 | 0.21 | 0.47 | 0.35 | 1.59 | 0.54 |
Halfway house | 0.58 | 0.15 | 0.15 | 0.13 | 0.11 | 0.11 | 1.52 | 0.44 |
Crisis center | 0.63 | 0.20 | 0.25 | 0.16 | 0.19 | 0.16 | 1.49 | 0.54 |
Employee assistance program | 0.60 | 0.19 | 0.56 | 0.29 | 0.28 | 0.28 | 0.89 | 0.39 |
Clergy | 1.46 | 0.27 | 0.52 | 0.28 | 1.71 | 0.61 | 2.63 | 0.60 |
Physician or other health care practitioner | 5.18 | 0.59 | 2.78 | 0.84 | 4.67 | 1.38 | 8.96 | 1.11 |
Other treatment or intervention | 1.04 | 0.26 | 0.66 | 0.25 | 0.45 | 0.27 | 1.98 | 0.71 |
Any treatment or intervention | 13.69 | 0.86 | 7.26 | 0.90 | 11.72 | 1.86 | 24.27 | 1.91 |
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