No Alterations of Brain Structural Asymmetry in Major Depressive Disorder: An ENIGMA Consortium Analysis
Abstract
Objective:
Methods:
Results:
Conclusions:
Methods
Data Sets
Image Processing
Data Preparation, Visualization, and Statistical Analysis
Results
All | Males | Females | > Age 21 | ≤ Age 21 | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Subcortical Region | d | p | d | p | d | p | d | p | d | p |
Accumbens | 0.0009 | 0.972 | –0.026 | 0.541 | 0.023 | 0.492 | 0.012 | 0.679 | –0.004 | 0.948 |
Amygdala | 0.0163 | 0.523 | 0.041 | 0.324 | 0.001 | 0.986 | 0.009 | 0.759 | 0.029 | 0.646 |
Caudate | –0.0159 | 0.534 | –0.018 | 0.654 | –0.011 | 0.737 | –0.008 | 0.771 | –0.072 | 0.258 |
Hippocampus | –0.0414 | 0.105 | –0.112 | 0.007 | –0.003 | 0.928 | –0.037 | 0.187 | –0.029 | 0.652 |
Lateral ventricles | 0.0584 | 0.021 | 0.057 | 0.168 | 0.059 | 0.072 | 0.046 | 0.106 | 0.089 | 0.156 |
Pallidum | –0.0224 | 0.391 | –0.088 | 0.037 | 0.009 | 0.782 | –0.003 | 0.930 | –0.087 | 0.186 |
Putamen | –0.0278 | 0.286 | –0.099 | 0.018 | 0.012 | 0.723 | –0.025 | 0.382 | –0.026 | 0.691 |
Thalamus | 0.0010 | 0.969 | 0.019 | 0.640 | –0.016 | 0.631 | 0.002 | 0.934 | –0.029 | 0.647 |
All | Males | Females | > Age 21 | ≤ Age 21 | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cortical Region | d | p | d | p | d | p | d | p | d | p |
Total surface area | 0.017 | 0.543 | –0.035 | 0.475 | 0.052 | 0.188 | 0.017 | 0.580 | 0.069 | 0.295 |
Banks of superior temporal sulcus | 0.004 | 0.879 | 0.009 | 0.858 | –0.010 | 0.812 | –0.013 | 0.680 | 0.072 | 0.300 |
Caudal anterior cingulate | –0.022 | 0.434 | –0.079 | 0.109 | –0.012 | 0.763 | –0.030 | 0.336 | 0.015 | 0.817 |
Caudal middle frontal | 0.058 | 0.036 | –0.024 | 0.634 | 0.104 | 0.009 | 0.044 | 0.152 | 0.139 | 0.035 |
Cuneus | –0.081 | 0.003 | –0.124 | 0.012 | –0.051 | 0.201 | –0.071 | 0.022 | –0.047 | 0.480 |
Entorhinal | –0.005 | 0.864 | 0.068 | 0.195 | –0.029 | 0.498 | –0.008 | 0.803 | –0.009 | 0.888 |
Frontal pole | –0.045 | 0.102 | –0.044 | 0.371 | –0.056 | 0.158 | –0.027 | 0.379 | –0.126 | 0.057 |
Fusiform | –0.002 | 0.944 | 0.060 | 0.241 | –0.041 | 0.309 | 0.030 | 0.341 | –0.122 | 0.065 |
Inferior parietal | –0.031 | 0.273 | 0.008 | 0.877 | 0.007 | 0.862 | –0.044 | 0.159 | 0.028 | 0.668 |
Inferior temporal | 0.037 | 0.185 | 0.057 | 0.246 | 0.035 | 0.379 | 0.029 | 0.343 | 0.085 | 0.197 |
Insula | 0.046 | 0.098 | 0.072 | 0.141 | 0.013 | 0.744 | 0.065 | 0.035 | 0.008 | 0.899 |
Isthmus of cingulate | 0.003 | 0.918 | 0.068 | 0.166 | 0.055 | 0.167 | 0.004 | 0.890 | 0.039 | 0.553 |
Lateral occipital | 0.000 | 0.986 | 0.033 | 0.500 | –0.018 | 0.652 | –0.003 | 0.930 | 0.029 | 0.659 |
Lateral orbitofrontal | 0.004 | 0.891 | 0.034 | 0.488 | –0.015 | 0.713 | 0.003 | 0.923 | 0.001 | 0.982 |
Lingual | 0.010 | 0.730 | –0.022 | 0.649 | 0.069 | 0.080 | –0.003 | 0.913 | 0.069 | 0.297 |
Medial-orbitofrontal | –0.019 | 0.503 | 0.025 | 0.612 | –0.036 | 0.369 | –0.045 | 0.152 | 0.082 | 0.212 |
Middle temporal | –0.042 | 0.140 | 0.008 | 0.868 | –0.099 | 0.016 | –0.047 | 0.139 | –0.038 | 0.578 |
Paracentral | 0.031 | 0.261 | 0.020 | 0.689 | 0.030 | 0.463 | 0.041 | 0.190 | 0.027 | 0.686 |
Parahippocampal | –0.003 | 0.925 | 0.051 | 0.303 | 0.005 | 0.901 | –0.028 | 0.372 | 0.078 | 0.239 |
Pars opercularis | 0.023 | 0.409 | 0.013 | 0.794 | 0.024 | 0.541 | 0.009 | 0.757 | 0.051 | 0.440 |
Pars orbitalis | 0.022 | 0.420 | –0.014 | 0.773 | 0.022 | 0.571 | 0.019 | 0.526 | 0.023 | 0.727 |
Pars triangularis | 0.006 | 0.841 | –0.021 | 0.671 | –0.015 | 0.701 | –0.001 | 0.978 | –0.001 | 0.990 |
Pericalcarine | –0.031 | 0.265 | 0.018 | 0.718 | –0.036 | 0.372 | –0.025 | 0.424 | –0.015 | 0.826 |
Postcentral | –0.021 | 0.447 | 0.029 | 0.554 | –0.013 | 0.744 | –0.020 | 0.518 | –0.001 | 0.985 |
Posterior cingulate | –0.044 | 0.110 | –0.060 | 0.216 | –0.046 | 0.243 | –0.046 | 0.136 | –0.004 | 0.947 |
Precentral | 0.038 | 0.172 | 0.063 | 0.206 | 0.022 | 0.578 | 0.045 | 0.144 | 0.059 | 0.370 |
Precuneus | 0.005 | 0.851 | –0.047 | 0.341 | 0.071 | 0.072 | –0.021 | 0.498 | 0.084 | 0.202 |
Rostral anterior cingulate | 0.014 | 0.626 | –0.064 | 0.198 | 0.045 | 0.266 | 0.018 | 0.566 | –0.005 | 0.941 |
Rostral middle frontal | –0.062 | 0.026 | –0.094 | 0.055 | –0.026 | 0.506 | –0.073 | 0.017 | –0.005 | 0.944 |
Superior frontal | 0.064 | 0.021 | 0.107 | 0.032 | 0.047 | 0.242 | 0.061 | 0.050 | 0.061 | 0.358 |
Superior parietal | –0.020 | 0.463 | –0.121 | 0.014 | 0.040 | 0.316 | –0.015 | 0.620 | –0.021 | 0.748 |
Superior temporal | 0.017 | 0.565 | –0.052 | 0.309 | 0.052 | 0.206 | 0.009 | 0.789 | 0.029 | 0.676 |
Supramarginal | 0.038 | 0.177 | 0.030 | 0.558 | 0.031 | 0.441 | 0.064 | 0.043 | –0.093 | 0.166 |
Temporal pole | –0.003 | 0.908 | 0.079 | 0.112 | 0.003 | 0.950 | –0.016 | 0.609 | 0.041 | 0.530 |
Transverse temporal | 0.008 | 0.770 | –0.076 | 0.117 | –0.018 | 0.651 | 0.017 | 0.569 | –0.046 | 0.487 |
All | Males | Females | > Age 21 | ≤ Age 21 | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cortical Region | d | p | d | p | d | p | d | p | d | p |
Average thickness | 0.028 | 0.307 | 0.070 | 0.111 | –0.005 | 0.893 | 0.024 | 0.431 | 0.055 | 0.400 |
Banks of superior temporal sulcus | 0.016 | 0.582 | 0.011 | 0.810 | 0.014 | 0.711 | 0.049 | 0.122 | –0.103 | 0.134 |
Caudal anterior cingulate | 0.079 | 0.004 | 0.083 | 0.059 | 0.077 | 0.030 | 0.070 | 0.021 | 0.097 | 0.142 |
Caudal middle frontal | 0.017 | 0.537 | –0.008 | 0.859 | 0.036 | 0.314 | 0.009 | 0.771 | 0.056 | 0.392 |
Cuneus | –0.027 | 0.325 | –0.020 | 0.655 | –0.025 | 0.477 | –0.019 | 0.529 | –0.029 | 0.660 |
Entorhinal | 0.010 | 0.733 | 0.018 | 0.691 | 0.006 | 0.868 | 0.004 | 0.894 | 0.046 | 0.492 |
Frontal pole | 0.016 | 0.563 | 0.054 | 0.215 | –0.018 | 0.609 | 0.020 | 0.513 | 0.051 | 0.442 |
Fusiform | 0.002 | 0.954 | 0.022 | 0.614 | –0.009 | 0.802 | 0.004 | 0.905 | –0.008 | 0.909 |
Inferior parietal | –0.052 | 0.057 | –0.048 | 0.273 | –0.045 | 0.209 | –0.050 | 0.104 | –0.070 | 0.290 |
Inferior temporal | 0.048 | 0.080 | 0.071 | 0.109 | 0.028 | 0.430 | 0.045 | 0.140 | 0.037 | 0.579 |
Insula | 0.005 | 0.850 | 0.039 | 0.378 | –0.018 | 0.614 | –0.003 | 0.924 | 0.039 | 0.560 |
Isthmus of cingulate | –0.017 | 0.527 | –0.009 | 0.831 | –0.033 | 0.348 | –0.018 | 0.561 | –0.064 | 0.328 |
Lateral occipital | –0.013 | 0.645 | –0.087 | 0.048 | 0.045 | 0.202 | –0.027 | 0.370 | 0.022 | 0.738 |
Lateral orbitofrontal | 0.044 | 0.108 | 0.068 | 0.119 | 0.033 | 0.350 | 0.058 | 0.056 | 0.049 | 0.456 |
Lingual | 0.019 | 0.482 | –0.027 | 0.544 | 0.051 | 0.152 | 0.035 | 0.246 | –0.030 | 0.648 |
Medial-orbitofrontal | –0.053 | 0.054 | –0.091 | 0.040 | –0.021 | 0.562 | –0.032 | 0.289 | –0.076 | 0.249 |
Middle temporal | –0.008 | 0.766 | –0.019 | 0.676 | –0.006 | 0.865 | –0.003 | 0.926 | –0.067 | 0.321 |
Paracentral | 0.001 | 0.983 | 0.062 | 0.160 | –0.037 | 0.299 | 0.001 | 0.966 | 0.034 | 0.602 |
Parahippocampal | 0.032 | 0.245 | 0.096 | 0.029 | –0.002 | 0.946 | 0.038 | 0.215 | 0.064 | 0.336 |
Pars opercularis | –0.041 | 0.135 | –0.091 | 0.038 | –0.024 | 0.494 | –0.065 | 0.032 | 0.096 | 0.145 |
Pars orbitalis | –0.010 | 0.714 | –0.013 | 0.770 | –0.011 | 0.765 | –0.020 | 0.511 | 0.069 | 0.300 |
Pars triangularis | –0.004 | 0.891 | 0.017 | 0.693 | –0.024 | 0.501 | –0.006 | 0.832 | 0.053 | 0.423 |
Pericalcarine | 0.008 | 0.768 | –0.013 | 0.772 | 0.025 | 0.484 | 0.012 | 0.693 | –0.030 | 0.648 |
Postcentral | 0.047 | 0.091 | 0.063 | 0.151 | 0.026 | 0.461 | 0.044 | 0.149 | 0.064 | 0.330 |
Posterior cingulate | 0.038 | 0.165 | 0.055 | 0.211 | 0.027 | 0.444 | 0.041 | 0.176 | 0.029 | 0.660 |
Precentral | 0.026 | 0.336 | 0.011 | 0.800 | 0.025 | 0.475 | 0.016 | 0.592 | 0.044 | 0.509 |
Precuneus | –0.051 | 0.063 | –0.007 | 0.881 | –0.076 | 0.033 | –0.055 | 0.070 | –0.019 | 0.777 |
Rostral anterior cingulate | –0.007 | 0.808 | 0.031 | 0.483 | –0.027 | 0.451 | –0.016 | 0.600 | 0.063 | 0.341 |
Rostral middle frontal | –0.030 | 0.268 | –0.039 | 0.378 | –0.036 | 0.309 | –0.021 | 0.493 | –0.045 | 0.492 |
Superior frontal | –0.011 | 0.691 | 0.063 | 0.153 | –0.059 | 0.098 | –0.008 | 0.781 | 0.028 | 0.674 |
Superior parietal | 0.004 | 0.872 | 0.081 | 0.066 | –0.047 | 0.188 | 0.011 | 0.711 | –0.032 | 0.629 |
Superior temporal | 0.085 | 0.003 | 0.090 | 0.049 | 0.071 | 0.056 | 0.068 | 0.033 | 0.133 | 0.051 |
Supramarginal | 0.021 | 0.445 | 0.077 | 0.084 | –0.016 | 0.651 | 0.011 | 0.712 | 0.029 | 0.667 |
Temporal pole | –0.010 | 0.730 | –0.024 | 0.581 | 0.009 | 0.804 | –0.003 | 0.924 | –0.033 | 0.618 |
Transverse temporal | 0.037 | 0.174 | 0.078 | 0.078 | 0.008 | 0.825 | 0.019 | 0.537 | 0.111 | 0.092 |
Discussion
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